Research progress in strategy of lateral femoral offset reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

As an important indicator of total hip arthroplasty (THA) the rate and degree of offset reconstruction play an important role in improving the prognosis and life quality of patients. The reconstruction of femoral offset is closely related to reserved length of calcar femorale, the head and neck length of prosthesis, angle degree of neck shaft and whether lower limb is isometric. Reconstruction strategy includes making a meticulous and standard measurement before the surgery, predicting the reserved length of calcar femorale, selecting a prosthesis with approximate anatomical neck-shaft angle and reconstructing offset by adjusting the head and neck length of the prosthetic during the operation. The aim of this article was to introduce the research progress and influence of offset on hip function, prosthetic wear and postoperative complications such as pain, limp and unequal leg length, and to discuss the reconstruction strategy.

Effect of extract of Ginkgo bilob on learning and memory, neuron apoptosis and neurogenesis of juvenile rats with kindled seizure / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of extract of Ginkgo bilob (EGb) on learning and memory,nerve cell apoptosis and neurogenesis of juvenile rats with kindled seizure.Methods Two hundred and forty 21-d old SD rats were equally randomized into normal saline group (NS),kindled control for 7 d group (P-A7),kindled control for 14 d group (P-A14),EGb treatment for 7 d group (P-E7),EGb treatment for 14 d group (P-E14).All the rats,except rats of the NS group,were induced chronic kindling seizure by pentylenetetrazol.Morris maze test was used to detect the learning and memory abilities.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the nerve cell apoptosis and neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus.BrdU/NeuN or BrdU/GFAP double-labeled staining was employed to observe the nerve cell differentiation.Results (1) The escape latency in Morris maze test in rats of every group was gradually shorted during 4 days of pre-treatment; the escape latency was (31.72±8.37) in P-E7 group and (31.29±4.35) in P-E14 group,which was significantly shorten than that in NS group (18.93±6.40),P-A7 group (47.86±9.14) and P-A14 group (44.79±7.72) (P＜0.05); the time in target quadrant in maze test showed gradual increase in rats of the NS,P-A7 and P-A14 groups and was significantly increased in rats of the P-E7 and P-E14 groups after EGb treatment (P＜0.05); the cross-platform times of rats in the P-A7 and P-A14 groups (4.38±1.06,4.50±0.93) in maze test were significantly shorter than those of NS rats (11.13±0.99),P-E7 rats (10.00±2.00) and P-E14 rats (10.63±0.92,P＜0.05).(2) TUNEL-positive cells in CA3 area ofhippocampus in rats of the NS group were obviously fewer than those in the other 4 groups (P＜0.05).The number of apoptotic cells in P-E7 and P-E 14 groups was (28.25±4.65) and (28.13±6.08),which was significantly reduced as compared with that in the P-A7 and P-A14 groups (P＜0.05).(3) Nestin-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1,CA3 and DG regions of rats from the NS group were fewer than those in the other 4 groups (P＜0.05); those in the P-E7 and P-E14 groups enjoyed the highest levels.(4) The number of BrdU/NeuN cells after EGb treatment was significantly larger than that before EGb treatment,and BrdU/NeuN-positive cells percentage in P-E14 group was higher than that in P-E7 group (P＜0.05),meanwhile,the co-expression ofBrdU/GFAP was about 4％-5％ after EGb treatment.Conclusion EGb can significantly improve the learning and memory abilities in young rats with kindled seizure; anti-apoptosis and promoted neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation effect of EGb might be the mechanism.

Exploration and practice of bilingual teaching in pediatrics of the undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To further explore the result of bilingual teaching in pediatrics,we randomly chose 200 undergraduates of 4 class and released students'questionnaires about bilingual teaching with teaching content before and after class to assess students'understanding of bilingual teaching and analysed appraisal result.We found no significant difference of student score between students accepting bilingual teaching and not accepting the bilingual teaching,but there was difference for English tests and expression level.So we think that students can fully accept the bilingual teaching of pediatrics under the premise with selecting appropriate teaching methods and means.

Secular trend of nosocomial pneumonia in an university hospital in Zhengzhou / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the secular trend of infection rate, risk factor exposure rates for nosocomial pneumonia (NP), and to evaluate the nosocomial infection surveillance and control programs efficacy in an university hospital from 1993 to 2000.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 126 665 hospitalized patients from 1993 to 2000 were studied for NP. The independent risk factors for NP were analyzed by using case-control study method and logistic regression technique. The time-specific rates for NP and risk factor exposure were calculated annually.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infection rates for NP were decreased by 50% from 1.20% in 1993 to 0.60% in 2000. The logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for NP were immunosuppressive therapy (OR = 2.72), chemotherapy (OR = 2.17), cancer (OR = 1.45), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, OR = 1.88), ICU (OR = 3.18), coma (OR = 3.26), tracheotomy (OR = 14.95), hemodialysis (OR = 5.12), bone or lumbar puncture (OR = 1.82). The time-trends for exposure rates of COPD and bone or lumbar puncture were slightly decreased, however those for the others and the synthetic risk factors were not changed significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The infection rates for NP were significantly decreased in the case of no change for exposure rates of risk factors for NP, this suggests that the nosocomial infection surveillance and control programs were effective for lowering infection rate for NP in this hospital.</p>