Protective effect of melatonin on formaldehyde exposure-induced acute lung injury in rats through modulation of the Nrf2 pathway / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the protective effect of melatonin (MT) on formaldehyde (FA) inhalation-in- duced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and its mechanism through the regulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway．@*Methods @#Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control group ，FA group，FA + MT 5 mg / kg group，FA + MT 10 mg / kg group and FA + MT 20 mg / kg group，with 10 rats in each group．Except for the Control group，all other groups inhaled 3 mg / m3 FA daily for 21 d consecutively to construct the tainted model，and then treated with different MT doses for 14 d．The tainting was continued during the MT treatment．Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in lung tissue，lung water content and lung coefficient were weighed and measured，glutathione ( GSH) ，superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG) levels were measured by absorbance photometric method ，and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ，in- terleukin (IL) -6，and IL-1 β concentrations，Western blot to detect the protein expression levels of Nrf2，heme ox- ygenase-1 (HO-1) ，nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) ，and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB ( p-NF-κB) in lung tis- sues，and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) to detect the Nrf2，HO-1，and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA expression levels. @*Results @#Compared with the control group，lung injury was obvious in rats in the FA group ; lung tissue GSH and SOD levels were reduced ，and 8-OHdG levels were elevated ( P < 0. 05) ; alveolar lavage fluid TNF-α , IL-6，and IL-1 β levels were elevated (P＜0. 05) ; Nrf 2 and HO-1 protein expression levels were reduced in the lung tissue (P＜0. 05) ，and p-NF-κB protein expression levels were was ele- vated (P＜0. 05) ; the relative mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue was decreased，and the relative mRNA expression of Keap1 was elevated (P＜0. 05) ．Compared with the FA group，the lung injury of rats in the MT group was improved ; the levels of GSH and SOD in the lung tissue were increased (P＜0. 05) ，and the level of 8-OHdG was decreased (P＜0. 05) ; the levels of TNF-α , IL-6，and IL-1 β in the alveolar lavage fluid were de- creased (P＜0. 05) ; and the expression levels of the Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the lung tissue were increased (P ＜0. 05) ．p-NF-κB protein expression level was decreased (P ＜0. 05) ; the relative mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissues were increased (P＜0. 05) ，and the relative mRNA expression level of Keap1 was decreased (P＜0. 05) in lung tissues，and all of them were in a dose-dependent manner． @*Conclusion @#MT can al- leviate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and mitigate FA exposure-induced acute lung injury by regula- ting the Nrf2 / Keap1 / HO-1 signaling pathway.

Association between the glomerular filtration rate of renal dysfunction and metabolic syndrome: an age-stratified analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the renal dysfunction rate and metabolic syndrome(MS), stratified by age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>People took part in physical check-up in a certain tertiary hospital from March 2010 to September 2012, were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), -a renal dysfunction indicator, was calculated by modified MDRD equation [<60 ml/min(1.73 m(2))]. Associations between the renal dysfunction rate and factors as age, gender and MS traits, were assessed by stratified analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eligible data from 75 469 subjects were used. The prevalence rates of renal dysfunctions appeared to be 0.05%,0.20%, 1.68% in 18 to 44 year-olds (youth), 45 to 59 year-olds (middle) and 60 year-olds or above (old), respectively. Participants with MS showed a significantly higher risk than those without, in the elderly only (P < 0.05)but not in the other 2 groups (P > 0.05). Participants with 2 components of MS in middle-aged, 3 or 5 components of MS in the elderly showed a significantly high incidence (P < 0.05), but no significant differences seen in other subgroups (P > 0.05). Increasing trend was not seen in all the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Elevated blood pressure (BP+) in youth and middle-aged groups, decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in middle-aged and elderly groups and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG+) in elderly group could all cause the abnormality rate of eGFR which showed significantly high incidence rates in the subgroup analysis (P < 0.05). The maximum of population attributable risk proportion (PAR%) was 41.91% in youth when having elevated BP. Relationship between renal dysfunction rate and triglyceride (TG)/obesity was not identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of renal dysfunction was found low, in Xuzhou. The incidence was not associated with the numbers but might relate to the nature of certain components of MS. Increased BP showed both short-term and mid-term effects. Decreased HDL-C, however, indicated both mid-term and long-term effects. The elevated FPG only appeared long-term effects. Increased TG and obesity did not show significant effects in these observed samples. PAR% of increased BP seemed to be the most important factors which might lead to renal dysfunction.</p>

Association between the glomerular filtration rate of renal dysfunction and metabolic syndrome:an age-stratified analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the renal dysfunction rate and metabolic syndrome(MS),stratified by age. Methods People took part in physical check-up in a certain tertiary hospital from March 2010 to September 2012,were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),-a renal dysfunction indicator,was calculated by modified MDRD equation[<60 ml/min(1.73 m2)]. Associations between the renal dysfunction rate and factors as age,gender and MS traits,were assessed by stratified analysis. Results Eligible data from 75 469 subjects were used. The prevalence rates of renal dysfunctions appeared to be 0.05%,0.20%,1.68%in 18 to 44 year-olds(youth),45 to 59 year-olds(middle)and 60 year-olds or above(old),respectively. Participants with MS showed a significantly higher risk than those without,in the elderly only(P<0.05)but not in the other 2 groups(P>0.05). Participants with 2 components of MS in middle-aged, 3 or 5 components of MS in the elderly showed a significantly high incidence (P<0.05),but no significant differences seen in other subgroups(P>0.05). Increasing trend was not seen in all the 3 groups(P>0.05). Elevated blood pressure(BP+)in youth and middle-aged groups,decreased high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)in middle-aged and elderly groups and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG+)in elderly group could all cause the abnormality rate of eGFR which showed significantly high incidence rates in the subgroup analysis(P<0.05). The maximum of population attributable risk proportion (PAR%) was 41.91% in youth when having elevated BP. Relationship between renal dysfunction rate and triglyeride(TG)/obesity was not identified. Conclusion The prevalence of renal dysfunction was found low,in Xuzhou. The incidence was not associated with the numbers but might relate to the nature of certain components of MS. Increased BP showed both short-term and mid-term effects. Decreased HDL-C,however,indicated both mid-term and long-term effects. The elevated FPG only appeared long-term effects. Increased TG and obesity did not show significant effects in these observed samples. PAR%of increased BP seemed to be the most important factors which might lead to renal dysfunction.

Association between the glomerular filtration rate of renal dysfunction and metabolic syndrome:an age-stratified analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the renal dysfunction rate and metabolic syndrome(MS),stratified by age. Methods People took part in physical check-up in a certain tertiary hospital from March 2010 to September 2012,were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),-a renal dysfunction indicator,was calculated by modified MDRD equation[<60 ml/min(1.73 m2)]. Associations between the renal dysfunction rate and factors as age,gender and MS traits,were assessed by stratified analysis. Results Eligible data from 75 469 subjects were used. The prevalence rates of renal dysfunctions appeared to be 0.05%,0.20%,1.68%in 18 to 44 year-olds(youth),45 to 59 year-olds(middle)and 60 year-olds or above(old),respectively. Participants with MS showed a significantly higher risk than those without,in the elderly only(P<0.05)but not in the other 2 groups(P>0.05). Participants with 2 components of MS in middle-aged, 3 or 5 components of MS in the elderly showed a significantly high incidence (P<0.05),but no significant differences seen in other subgroups(P>0.05). Increasing trend was not seen in all the 3 groups(P>0.05). Elevated blood pressure(BP+)in youth and middle-aged groups,decreased high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)in middle-aged and elderly groups and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG+)in elderly group could all cause the abnormality rate of eGFR which showed significantly high incidence rates in the subgroup analysis(P<0.05). The maximum of population attributable risk proportion (PAR%) was 41.91% in youth when having elevated BP. Relationship between renal dysfunction rate and triglyeride(TG)/obesity was not identified. Conclusion The prevalence of renal dysfunction was found low,in Xuzhou. The incidence was not associated with the numbers but might relate to the nature of certain components of MS. Increased BP showed both short-term and mid-term effects. Decreased HDL-C,however,indicated both mid-term and long-term effects. The elevated FPG only appeared long-term effects. Increased TG and obesity did not show significant effects in these observed samples. PAR%of increased BP seemed to be the most important factors which might lead to renal dysfunction.