Application of nanobodies in autoimmune diseases / 中国免疫学杂志

Autoimmune disease is a kind of heterogeneous disease caused by the loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens.In recent years,antibody drug has become an important choice for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Monoclonal antibodies are limited by their large relative molecular mass and difficult to penetrate solid tissues,while nanobodies,the smallest antibody fragment known to date with intact antigen recognition,have gained much attention in the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to their ease of modifi-cation,high penetration,and ability to target more cryptic epitopes.The review focuses on the application of nanobodies in the treat-ment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,systemic lupus erythematosus,psoria-sis,and looks forward to the prospect of nanobodies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Progress of interleukin-12 in treatment of solid tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine derived from antigen-presenting cells. IL-12 has a variety of effector mechanisms such as promoting T cells proliferation and cytotoxicity, inducing T cells and NK cells to secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ), etc. IL-12 shows significant anti-tumor effect in preclinical stage and is quickly used in clinic, but its systemic administration has serious dose-limiting toxicity. At present, most of the research is about the topical use of IL-12 to reduce systemic toxicity, change tumor microenvironment and activate immune system. This article reviews the research progress and clinical trials of IL-12 in the treatment of solid tumors in recent years.

Benefit finding and its influencing factors among enterostomy patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore benefit finding and its influencing factors among enterostomy patients.Methods:A total of 120 enterostomy patients were investigated with general information questionnaire, Benefit Finding Scale, Simplified Scale of Resilience and Perceived Social Support Scale.Results:The score of benefit finding among enterostomy patients was 49.44±5.86. Multiple regression analysis showed that education level, self-care, complications, resilience, perceived social support were influencing factors of benefit finding, and explained 51.1% of the variance.Conclusions:The benefit finding among enterostomy patients was grim. It is suggested that clinical staff pay more attention to the patients with low education, poor self-care and complications of stoma, and also pay more attention to the positive psychology and the social support system of patients, guide patients to pay attention to the positive significance of the disease, so as to improve the level of benefit finding.

Progress of bispecific antibodies targeting immune checkpoints in treatment of tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Immune checkpoint is one of the most effective research targets for tumor immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, mainly programmed death receptor 1 and its ligand 1, have achieved good response rates in various tumor treatments, but some tumors still have low response rates. In recent years, bispecific antibodies have developed rapidly in the field of tumor research, because they can target multiple targets and play a combined role in tumor therapy, and can effectively inhibit tumor immune escape. This article reviews the research progress and clinical status of bispecific antibodies targeting immune checkpoints.

Relationship between sense of coherence, self-efficacy, and perceived social support in major caregivers of enterostomy patients / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation with regard to a sense of coherence in major caregivers of enterostomy patients and analyze its relationship with self-efficacy and perceived social support.Methods:From July to December 2019, a total of 118 major caregivers of enterostomy patients were investigated using a general information questionnaire, a self-efficacy scale, and a perceived social support scale.Results:The score of sense of coherence in major caregivers of enterostomy patients was 58.40±9.17, and the average scores of all dimensions, from high to low, were “controllable sense，” “understandable sense，”and “meaningful sense.” Sense of coherence was positively correlated with self-efficacy and perceived social support ( r=0.457, P<0.01; r=0.369, P<0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and perceived social support had a positive predictive effect on sense of coherence and explained 35.2% of the variance ( R′ 2=0.352, F=25.639, P<0.001). Conclusions:The main caregivers of enterostomy patients had a low level of sense of coherence. Self-efficacy and perceived social support have a positive effect on sense of coherence. Medical staff should take targeted measures to help caregivers improve their self-efficacy and social support system in order to improve their sense of coherence.

Preparation of anti-GPC3 single chain antibody for targeted detection of hepatocellular carcinoma / 生物工程学报

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a key member of Glypican family and plays an important role in the development, angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCC overexpresses GPC3, but GPC3 is hardly detected in normal adult liver and benign liver lesions, so it is regarded as a highly specific diagnostic marker and an ideal therapeutic target for HCC. In this study, we cloned the heavy and light chain variable region gene from the monoclonal antibody targeted to GPC3 screened in the previous stage, and linked it with a segment of flexible peptide (Linker) to obtain the single chain antibody against GPC3. The single chain antibody gene was cloned into vector for prokaryotic expression and purified to obtain high purity protein. Detection shows that the single-chain antibody produced by us has the same binding activity with the full-length antibody, and can accurately target the tumor site of Huh7 tumor-bearing model mice after coupling Cy5.5 fluorescence, suggesting that the single-chain antibody has the potential to realize multi-directional liver cancer precise surgical navigation under the guidance of a probe.

Advance in research on recycling antibody / 生物工程学报

Monoclonal antibodies have become the main type of antibody drug because of their high specificity and strong affinity to antigen. However, with the intensive study of the natural monoclonal antibody, many defects have faced, such as the limit times of binding to antigen, the unanticipated antibody clearance and antigen accumulation. Therefore, studies are no longer limited to the natural antibody screening, but rather to improve the efficiency of antibody drugs by engineering. In recent years, the bottlenecks in the development of conventional antibody have been solved effectively since the discovery of a novel recycling antibody. Recycling antibody binds to an antigen in plasma and dissociates from the antigen in endosome, thus maximizing the use of antibody and reducing antigen-mediated antibody clearance and antibody-mediated antigen accumulation. In addition, recycling antibodies can enhance the affinity with Fc receptors through further Fc modification. This paper reviews the research progress of circulating antibodies, including its characteristics, transformation methods and prospects.

Advances in the application of claudins to tumor therapy / 生物工程学报

Claudin proteins are the most crucial components of tight junctions, and play an essential role in maintaining cell polarity, regulating cell permeability and the intercellular ion. In recent years, many studies have shown that abnormality of claudins expression is implicated in the tumor progression. The expression correlates with tumor prognosis and can serve as a biomarker of prognosis and potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding claudin dysregulation in cancer and highlights the progress in claudin-based treatments.

Progress of bispecific antibody in cancer treatment / 肿瘤研究与临床

Bispecific antibodies can target two different targets simultaneously with a wide application prospect and rapid development in tumor treatment. The main function is to recruit effector cells selectively in order to kill tumor cells or bind tumor-associated growth factor receptor to inhibit cell proliferation. This paper reviews the current situation of bispecific antibodies in design, mechanism of action and the research progress in the clinical cancer treatment.

Molecular and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies in support of biologics development

Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment or prevention of many important diseases such as cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Multi-domain mAbs are far more complex than small molecule drugs with intrinsic heterogeneities. The critical quality attributes of a given mAb, including structure, post-translational modifications, and functions at biomolecular and cellular levels, need to be defined and profiled in details during the developmental phases of a biologics. These critical quality attributes, outlined in this review, serve an important database for defining the drug properties during commercial production phase as well as post licensure life cycle management. Specially, the molecular characterization, functional assessment, and effector function analysis of mAbs, are reviewed with respect to the critical parameters and the methods used for obtaining them. The three groups of analytical methods are three essential and integral facets making up the whole analytical package for a mAb-based drug. Such a package is critically important for the licensure and the post-licensure life cycle management of a therapeutic or prophylactic biologics. In addition, the basic principles on the evaluation of biosimilar mAbs were discussed briefly based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization.