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BACKGROUND:Collagen is a biomedical material with good biocompatibility,low toxicity,low immunoactivity,and high cellular affinity.However,the defects such as hydrophilicity and poor thermal stability are the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently in biomedical,tissue engineering,and other applications. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate on the preparation method,characterization,and application progress of acylated collagen. METHODS:PubMed,X-mol,and CNKI databases were used to search the literature on acylated collagen preparation methods,characterization,and application.The search time was from January 1992 to May 2023.The English search terms were"acylated collagen,modified collagen,water-soluble collagen,acetic anhydride".Chinese search terms were"acylated collagen,modified collagen,water-soluble collagen".After an initial screening of all articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,53 articles with high relevance were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The preparation of acylated collagen is mainly obtained by the acylation reaction of acid anhydride,and the reaction sites are mainly ε-amino and N-terminus-amino of collagen,and the reaction environment of acylation reaction needs to be carried out in an alkaline environment.(2)Succinic anhydride is the preferred reactant of acylated collagen.Carbonic anhydride,citric anhydride,and bifunctional modifiers with acylation ability have been excavated in recent years to meet various requirements,but it is still limited to laboratory preparation;complex preparation process is difficult to industrialize,and follow-up research is needed to continuously improve.(3)The characterization methods of acylated collagen are similar to those of collagen,but there is still a lack of standards for the water-soluble characterization of acylated collagen.(4)In recent years,acylated collagen has been gradually used in the preparation of lenses,hydrogels,and dressings,as well as cosmetic raw materials.However,there is still little research on the application of acylated collagen,and there is a lack of complete in vivo experiments to verify the practicality of acylated collagen.
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BACKGROUND:Exosomes play a role in all stages of wound repair,and there is currently a large body of research on exosomes in skin wound repair,which has been shown to have great potential for clinical applications. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and discuss the main mechanisms and clinical applications of exosomes in the treatment of skin wounds,in order to promote the clinical translation of exosomes. METHODS:PubMed,clinicaltrials.gov,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Food and Drug Administration database,and Chinese Clinical Trial Register were searched from inception to March 2023.The English search terms were"exosomes,wound healing,stem cells,chronic wound,immunoregulation,inflammation,skin,therapeutic use,isolation,characterization,infections".The Chinese search terms were"exosomes,wound healing,stem cells,immunomodulation,clinical applications".A total of 79 articles were included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exosomes can improve and accelerate wound healing through inflammation regulation,immune protection,angiogenesis,cell proliferation and migration,and collagen remodeling.(2)Exosomes derived from stem cells have mature preparation techniques and related mechanism research,which is currently the mainstream research direction.Non-stem cell-derived exosomes have the advantages of convenience,economy,and easy production,and can be used as a supplement for clinical applications.(3)The clinical application of exosomes is still in its infancy,but has great potential for application.Various exosome modification techniques have laid the foundation for the future development of clinically personalized services and require further research.(4)The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges,such as low yield,high heterogeneity,lack of unified standards for isolation,purification,and quality control,and difficulties in storage.
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Objective To study the effect different concentrations of HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin on the proliferation,morphology and membrane surface ultrastructure of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods Primary BMSCs were cultured.The P4 generation cells were taken for conducting the experiment.The different concentrations of tubacin were used to treat the cells fro 24 h.The cells survival rate was detected by MTT assay.The atomic force microscopy(AFM) was applied to observe the cellular morphology and surface ultramicrostructure and detect the mechanical property in different groups.Results The MTT results showed that low concentration of tubacin had the effect for promoting BMSC proliferation;the AFM results showed that compared with the control group,the height and width of BMSCs after treating by low concentration of tubacin,the membrane surface roughness was decreased and cellular hardness was increased.Conclusion Low concentration of tubacin can promote the BMSC proliferation,causes the changes of morphology and membrane surface ultramicrostructure,enhances the mechanical property and increases the cell implantation treatment efficiency.
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Objective:To study the transdermal characteristics of myrrh essential oil and its percutaneous penetration enhancement for ibuprofen. Methods:The content of ibuprofen was determined by HPLC. Ibuprofen was used as the model drug and mouse skin was used as the permeation barrier in vitro. The transdermal properties of myrrh essential oil and its effect on percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen were investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Results:Without myrrh essential oil or with 1%, 2% and 3% myrrh essential oil, the cumulative transdermal penetration amount in 12h of ibuprofen in vitro was (0. 427 05 ± 0. 069 82), (0. 315 04 ± 0. 032 24), (0.230 50 ±0.031 14) and (0.181 34 ±0.053 70) mg·cm-2, with Jss of(0.031 4 ±0.005 7), (0.020 8 ±0.002 8), (0.017 2 ±0.001 6) and (0.013 9 ±0.003 4) mg·(cm2·h) -1, respectively. Conclusion: Myrrh essential oil shows no transdermal en-hancement for ibuprofen in vitro, to the contrary, it shows inhibitory effect with positive correlation to the concentration.
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Objective To evaluate of the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potential (TES-MEP)in combination with cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP) monitoring during the anterior or posterior approach spinal surgery for cervical spondylitie myelopathy (CSM).Methods TES-MEP on the bilateral anterior tibial muscle and flexor hallucal brevis and thenar muscles and CSEP on the bilateral posterior tibial nerve and ulnar nerve were observed simultaneously in 135 patients during spinal surgery.Intravenous anesthesia was employed in all the patients.The results of TES-MEP,CSEP and combined monitoring were analyzed statistically.Pre-oporative and post-operative motor and sensory functions of the spinal cord were compared. Result Success rate of TES-MEP,CSEP and the combined monitoring was 87.4%.97.8%and 100%,respectively.Out of 135 patients,nine patients (6.7%) were detected with the positive evoked potentials due to surgical operation.The sensitivity of TES-MEP and CSEP in assessing the spinal cord motor function was 100%and 83.3%,respectively,while that in assessing the spinal cord sensory function was 77.8%and 100%,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of the combined monitoring was both 100%. Conclusion The successful detection rate and accuracy of the combined monitoring for spinal cord function are apparently higher than that of simple TES-MEP or CSEP.The causes for operative maneuvers evoking a positive evoked potential include complete anterior decompression of the spinal canal,intervertebral bone graft,laminoplasty for OPLL and hematoma compression caused by a failed drainage in a posterior-anterior approach surgery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare the cubic phase gel containing capsaicin and characterize its properties.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cubic phases gel composed of glycerol monoolein, capsaicin and water was made by self-emulsion technology. The characterization of cubic phase gel was carried out by cross-polarizing light microscopy (CPLM) and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS). The capsaicin content was determined by HPLC analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under CPLM, cubic phase gel showed dark background. SAXS scattering spectra showed the scattering peaks at 0.1096, 0.1334, 0.1557, 0.1883 A(-1) which was compatible with q1:q2:q3:q4 = mean square root of 2: mean square root of 3: mean square root of 4: mean square root of 6. It was well known that the scattering vector ratio was the characteristic of cubic phase and the internal structure was confirmed to be Pn3m (Q224). The linear range for capsaicin determination was 3.25 x 10(-4) - 2.08 x 10(-2) g x L(-1) (R2 = 1). The average recovery was 97.53% with RSD of 2.9% (n=9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CPLM and SAXS technology are suitable to characterize the cubic phase gel The determination of the capsaicin content by HPLC is simple and reproducible.</p>
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Capsaicina , Química , Química Farmacéutica , Microscopía de Polarización , Extractos Vegetales , Química , Dispersión del Ángulo PequeñoRESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of microdiscectomy for treatment of recurrent lumbar disc hemiations. Methods There were 18 cases of recurrent lumbar disc berniations accepted microdiscectomy (reoperation group), compared with 30 cases of primary lumbar microdiscectomy (primary group). Operating time, blood loss and length of hospital stay were compared between two groups. MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the outcomes. Results Operating time was a mean of 75 min in reoperation group, 52 min in primary group. Blood loss of reoperation group was 70 ml, 50ml in primary group. Length of hospital stay was 8.5d in reoperation group, 6.5d in primary group. There were one dural tear, two Ls root lesions and 5 more numbness reoperation group, but recovery all patients. There were one dural tear in primary group. 17 cases got follow-up mean 12.1 months in reoperation group and 29 cases in primary group mean 11.8 months. The results demonstrated 88.2% success rate in reoperation group and 93.1% in primary group. There was no significant dif-ference in two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Outcomes of Lambar mierodisceetomy with mini-open for treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniations are similar to primary lumbar mierodiscectomy.
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Objective To study the identification method of Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.) Koidz. by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Methods FTIR Spectroscopy was measured of Akebia trifoliate collected from different production areas. Results At the range of 737-1032cm-1, the Spectroscopy of Akebia trifolia of different production areas showed variances in peak value of infrared absorption, peak position, peak shape and peak strength, which can be regarded as identification evidence for Akebia trifoliate. Conclusion This mehthod is rapid, reliable, simple and effective. FTIR can be used as the identification index for Akebia trifoliate.
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Objective To evaluate the primary outcomes of minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods There were 34 cases with single lumbar disc herniation treatment of tubular retractor access with METRx system and microdiscectomy(MMD group)and same cases with treatment of conventional discectomy(CD group).Operating time,blood loss,time of leaving the bed and length of hospital stay were compared in two groups.The postoperative wound pain was measured using a visual analog scale(VAS).The modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the outcomes. ResuIts The mean operating time was 65 min in MMD group,63 min in CD group.The mean blood loss was 34 ml in MMD group,85 ml in CD group.To compare in two groups,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).The mean time of leaving the bed after operation was 3.2 d in MMD group.5.8 d in CD group.The mean length of hospital stay was 5.8 d in MMD group.9.6 d in CD group.The mean VAS of the postoperative wound pain was 3.2 scores in MMD group,5.6 scores in CD group.To compare in two groups,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).There was one complication in MMD group,4 in CD group.Thirty-three cases got follow-up mean 8.5 months in MMD group.The success rate was 93.9%. Conclusion The minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy has the advantages on less trauma,safety,quickly postoperative recovery,and satisfactory outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare osthole microemulsion and investigate its in vitro transdermal absorption ability.METHODS:The blank microemulsion formula was optimized based on the solubility of osthole in different oil phase,emulsifier,co-emulsifier and pseudo-tertiary phase diagrams.The viscosity,conductance and particle size of osthole microemulsion were investigated.The permeation rate of osthole was determined using drug diffusion apparatus.RESULTS:The viscosity,conductance and mean particle size of osthole microemulsion were 8.07 mpa?s,123 ?S?cm-1,58.0 nm,respectively.The steady permeation rate of osthole microemulsions reached(33.042?3.1)?g?cm-2?h-1(r=0.995 0)and it was 25.5 times over that of saturated osthole solution.CONCLUSION:The result indicates osthole microemulsion with high permeation rate may be used as new osthole preparation with transdermal delivery.
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[Objective]To report the initial outcomes of occipitocervical fixation using plate-rod-polyaxial screw system and investigate whether this new system offers any advantage over other existing methods of fixation.[Method]Fourteen cases(male 9,female 5)accepted cervicooccipital fixation with plate-rod-polyaxial screw system.There were 3 cases of odontoid dysplasia with dislocation;spinal canal tumor in 3;2 cases of metastatic carcinoma with pathologic fracture of C_1 and C_2,rheumatoid arthritis with cervicooccipital instability,and fasilar impression;burst fracture of C_1 with oecipital-atlantal-axial instability in 1.Twelve cases had neck pain.Thirteen cases had neurological deficits in different degrees.JOA score was 12.4 on average.[Result]The positions of all screws were good.There was no complication related to inserting screws.All neck pain released.Fourteen-months follow-up was obtained on average in 13 patients.Cervicooccipital nonunion was in one case and its occipital screws were pulled out.Twelve patients had satisfactory fixation and got firm fusion.Ameliotate rate of JOA score of the neurological function was 63.0%.[Conclusion]These initial data indicate that posterior occipitocervical fixation using plate-rod-polyaxial screw system is safe and reliable,and satisfactory clinical outcome can be obtained.The system appears to offer some advantages over other existing methods of fixation.
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The article searches for the methods which combine teaching with scientific research in functional experiment in order to cultivante the students' ability of innovation and practice.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the technology of extracting total flavonoids from Sophora japonica.METHODS: The extracting technology of total flavonoids (from Sophora japonica) was optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) with ethanol concentration,solid-solvent ratio,extracting temperature,extracting time and extracting times as factors and the yield of total flavonoids as index.RESULTS: The optimal parameters were determined as follows: the ethanol concentration was 60%;the solid-solvent ratio was 1∶10;the extracting was conducted for 1 time(90 min) at 90 ℃.CONCLUSION:The optimized extraction technology was simple and stable and which serves as references for industrial large scale production.
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Objective: To evaluate the effects of PD145065(non-selective endothelin(ET)receptor antagonist)on injured spinal cord and explore mechanisms of how ET plays a role in secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:Spinal cord of rat was traumatized by compression(50g,1min).PD145065 or vehicle was administered intrathecally 10 minutes before SCI.Alterations of spinal cord blood flow(SCBF),molondialdehyde(MDA),the total content of intracellular calcium(［Ca2+］i),Evans blue(EB),and water in spinal cord were inspected.Results:SCBF of injured area decreased obviously 5 minutes after SCI.SCBF was 75.23±9.21% of baseline 5 minutes after SCI,57.06±7.35% 2 hours.SCBF of adjacent area decreased lower.SCBF was 79.82±7.98% of baseline 30 minutes after SCI.SCBF of injured and adjacent areas did not recover 4 hours after SCI.The contents of MDA,［Ca2+］i,EB and water in traumatized spinal cord were significantly more than that of sham(P＜0.05)。PD145065 ameliorated SCBF of injured area obviously and abolished the decrease of SCBF of adjacent area.The contents of MDA,［Ca2+］i,EB and water in spinal cord of PD145065 treated group were significantly less than that of saline treated group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:PD145065 has protective effects on traumatized spinal cord in early phase.ET and its receptors may play a role in secondary injury following SCI by multiple pathways.ETA/ETB receptor antagonist may be useful in treatment of clinical SCI.
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Objective To determine the content of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris Sarcodactylis. Methods HPLC was used. Mobile phase was methanol-water(65 ∶35),detection wavelength at 326 nm,flow rate 1mL/min and column temperature at 35 ℃.Results The linearity of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin was in the range of 0.3528～1.7640 ?g. The regression equation was Y=2403.73 X-65.35,r=0.9998. The average recovery was 99.33 %,RSD=1.47 %(n=6). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate. It can be applied in the determination of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris sarcodactylis.
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AIM:To study the chemical constituents of Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr.METHODS:Silica gel column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure,the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectral data.Meanwhile cytotoxic activity of compound Ⅰ was made according to the cell experiment in vitro.RESULTS:Five compounds were isolated from Radix of Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr..On the basis of physical-chemical constants and spectral data(EI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR),these compounds were identified as:Aristolactam A Ⅱ(Ⅰ),Aristolactam B(Ⅱ),Physcion(Ⅲ),?-sitosterol(Ⅳ),Stigmastan-7-one(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ showed cytotoxic activities on GLC-82 and HL_ 60 cell strains.CONCLUSION:Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are firstly isolated from Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr..The IC_ 50 of compound Ⅰ on GLC-82 and HL_ 60 cell strain are:234.45,101.17 ?M.
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AIM: To determine the topographic and spactial changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA in cords after spinal cord injury(SCI). METHODS: A SCI model of the rat was made by modified Allen's weight drop method(50g-cm). ET-1 mRNA in the spinal cords before and after injury was examined by in situ hybridization and the content of ET-1 mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative image pattern analysis. RESULIS: Compared with control, the ET-1 mRNA positive neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells increased and the positive signal enhanced in the adjacent cord of the contused region. There was also a significant increase in positive unit of ET-1 mRNA staining in injured spinal cord except 48 h-group. The quantity of neuron expressing ET-1 mRNA decreased gradually in contused region after SCI, while the quantity of glial cell expressing ET-1 mRNA increased. CONCLUSION: Expression of ET-1 mRNA upregulates in spinal cord after SCI. It suggests a pathophysiological role for ET-1 in SCI. Neuron is the main contributor to the increase for ET-1 in injured spinal cord.