Clinical characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restricted cardiomyopathy patients complicating with intracardiac thrombosis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) complicating with intracardiac thrombosis. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM or RCM and complicated with intracardiac thrombosis (including left and right atrium or ventricular thrombosis), who were admitted to the Heart Failure Care Unit of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from September 2008 to September 2018, were enrolled in this study. Patients with myocardial infarction were excluded. The general clinical data of the enrolled patients, including demographic data, major complications, laboratory indicators, echocardiographic indicators, drug application and distribution of intracardiac thrombosis, were collected from electronic medical record system and analyzed. Results: A total of 98 patients were enrolled in this study, including 52 patients (53.1%) with HCM and 46 patients (46.9%) with RCM. The most common comorbidity was atrial fibrillation/flutter: 40 patients (76.9%) in HCM group and 36 patients (78.3%) in RCM group. Majority of patients received oral anticoagulants treatment: 43 patients (82.7%) in HCM group and 35 patients (76.1%) in RCM group. Intracardiac thrombosis was mainly located in the left atrium in both HCM group (39 cases (75.0%)) and RCM group (32 cases (69.6%)). Thrombosis was found in ≥ 2 chambers in 7 patients (7.1%). Rate of left atrial thrombosis was the highest (81.6% (62/76)) in HCM and RCM patients complicating with atrial fibrillation/flutter. Intra-aneurysmal thrombosis occurred in 4 out of 5 patients complicated with apical left ventricular aneurysm. The rate of left ventricular thrombosis in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50% was 7.4% (4/54), which was significantly lower than that in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction<50% (34.5%(10/29)) (P<0.01). Conclusion: There are certain distribution characteristics of HCM and RCM patients with intracardiac thrombosis, and the left atrium is the most common site of thrombosis, more attention should be paid in HCM and RCM patients on the diagnosis and treatment of intracardiac thrombosis.

Effect and mechanism of gastrodin inhibiting β-amyloid plaques in brain of mice / 药学学报

This study was designed to investigate the effect of gastrodin (GAS) against β-amyloid plaques in 5×FAD Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice, and utilize 117 cell model (over-expression of Aβ and β-secretase) to explore the underlying mechanism. 5×FAD mice model were randomly divided into three groups, including GAS-high dose group (GAS-H, 200 mg·kg-1·d-1), GAS-middle dose group (GAS-M, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1) and GAS-low dose group (GAS-L, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1). Meanwhile, the wild type mice were used in the control group. After being treated with GAS for three months, 5×FAD mice were evaluated by Morris water maze for the learning and memory ability and by ELISA for Aβ in the cerebral homogenate. Then, Aβplaques in the hippocampus and cortex of 5×FAD mice were observed and analyzed with immunohistochemical staining. The cell apoptosis rate and the cell viability were determined in vitro, after the cells were treated with different concentrations of GAS (10, 25, 50 and 100 μmol·L-1). Furthermore, Intracelluar/extracelluar Aβ were determined by ELISA. Effects of GAS on BACE (β-secretase site APP cleaving enzyme) mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in 117 cell models by Q-PCR and Western blotting. The results suggest that GAS is able to restore the learning and memory capacity of 5×FAD mice, and reduce Aβ in the cerebral homogenate and Aβ plaques in the brain. Compared with the untreated transgenic positive group, A β plaques were declined in hippocampus and cortex of GAS-H group by 93.28% and 88.88%, and A β was reduced in the cerebral homogenate by 55.74%. In vitro study suggests a dose-dependent effect of GAS in reducing Aβ in 117 cell models. When the cells were treated with 100 μmol·L-1 GAS, extracelluar Aβ and intracellular Aβ of 117 cells were reduced by 63.1% and 49.1%. BACE expression was largely suppressed in mRNA by 32.9% (P-1 GAS, the protein level was declined by 47.9% (Pβ production and accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase.

Screening of 10 types of Chinese herbal compounds inhibiting Abeta and their possible related mechanism in vitro / 药学学报

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.

Vector construction and expression of anti-Aβ human-mouse chimeric antibody against Alzheimer's disease / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To construct and to express a human-mouse chimeric antibody against Aβ peptide involved in Alzheimer disease by genetic antibody engineering with reducing of its human anti-mouse antibody response.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from a murine hybridoma cell line that secreted anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody. The entire gene coding heavy and light chains were amplified using RT-PCR and analyzed by Genebank Blast. The chimeric antibody gene was acquired by variable region gene of the monoclonal antibody with constant region gene of human IgG, in which point mutations were incluced by recombinant PCR technology, respectively. The eukaryotic expression vectors established by cloning chimeric antibody genes of the heavy and light chains into 3.1 were co-transfected into COS-7 cells. The expressed products were analyzed using ELISA and immunohistochemistry subsequently.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genebank Blast analysis showed that the entire cloned antibody genes were in accordance with the murine antibody genes. DNA sequencing confirmed that the expression vectors of chimeric antibody were constructed successfully after splicing the variable region and constant region sequences. By co-transfecting COS-7 cells, a chimeric antibody was produced and collected in the culture medium. The antibody was humanized and bound Aβ specifically by ELISA and immunohistochemistry evaluations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression vector of chimeric antibody against Aβ was constructed successfully and expressed in the eukaryotic cells. It provides a solid base for developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods for Alzheimer's disease in clinic and paves a way for a further humanization in the future.</p>

Cloning and expression of human single-chain Fv antibody against A beta(1-42) peptide involved in Alzheimer disease / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Screening of antibody clones specific for beta amyloid peptide 1-42 from human phage-display single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody library, and to clone the antibody gene and to express it in a bacterial system, with an ultimate intention to obtain human anti-A beta(1-42) antibody for Alzheimer disease (AD) therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>beta amyloid peptide 142 was bound on the solid surface of 96 wells plate as the antigen for the binding antibody clones from a human phage-display scFv antibody library. After four rounds of biopanning, random, well-separated colonies were identified by ELISA test. The specific positive phage clones were transfected into the host E. coli HB2151 to express soluble scFv antibodies. These antibodies were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot and their antigen-binding activities were determined by ELISA. Genes of the positive scFv antibodies were then sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ELISA test showed that 7 clones could bind A beta(1-42). The soluble scFv antibody from clone A10 was expressed successfully to produce a 33000 protein present mainly in the whole cell extract which was five folds in amount to that of the control as determined by A490 nm. DNA sequencing demonstrated that the gene of the positive antibody was the scFv gene and the deduced amino acids sequence confirmed its typical antibody V domain structure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The specific antibody against A beta(1-42) was successfully identified from human phage-display scFv antibody library. The soluble scFv antibody specific to A beta(1-42) was expressed by E. coli HB2151 in a significant quantity. This cloned antibody promises to provide a solid basis for future studies of the pathogenesis and development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.</p>

A novel compound isolated from the peels of Citrus changshan-huyou / 药学学报

Five compounds, huyouyisu (1), vomifoliol (2), isoferulic acid (3), 1,2,3-trihydroxyphenol (4) and p-hydroxy-phenol (5), were isolated from the peels of Citrus changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang for the first time by utilizing repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Among them, huyouyisu (1) is a new compound. The structure was elucidated by using 1D and 2D spectra.

Experimental studies on compound Duzhong Jiangya prescription by semi-bionic extraction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Optimize the technic condition of Duzhong Jiangya prescription with Semi-bionic Extraction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using homogeneous design, under the same materials granularity, decoction temperature, consumption of water, filtration, concentration, and taking aucubin, hydrochloric acid stachydrine, maloicacid, baicalin, ethanol extract, dry extract as the indexes, the results were comprehensive considered to optimize the semi-bionic extraction condtions.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimized SBE extraction conditions are the following: pH values of the water for the thrice extraction is 5.845 3, 7.496 1, 8.011 7, and the total extraction time is 3.418 0 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Considering the fact of manufacture, the SBE extraction conditions are the following: pH values of the water for the thrice extraction is 6.0, 7.5, 8.0, and the thrice extraction time is 1.5, 1.0, 1.0 h.</p>

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Somatic Function of Middle-aged Females / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on somatic function of middle-aged females.Methods60 middle-aged females had a 16-week Taichi quan exercise and changes of blood pressure, resting heart rate and vital capacity were tested.ResultsAfter Tai Chi exercise, 60 women had results of resting heart rate and blood pressure decreased, and vital capacity increased obviously (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionTai Chi exercise maybe an effect sport manner to improve the somatic function of middle-aged females.

Study on expression of PS1 in APP-PS1 double gene stably transfected cell lines and its relation to gamma-secretase / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of presenilin1 (PS1) in the processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and its relation to gamma-secretase in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Several CHO cell lines stably transfected with either wide-type or mutant PS1 (M(146)L) along with APP(751) genes were established. The expression of PS1 and its half-life were determined by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and pulse-chase experiment. Abeta released into the conditional media was quantitated by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PS1 transfected CHO cells expressed an expected 45,000 full length protein. This over-expressed full length PS1 was subject to fast degradation with a half-life of less than 1 hour. In contrast to full length PS1, the truncated N-terminal and C-terminal proteins of PS1 were significantly more stable with a longer half-life of nearly 16 hours. Although the total amount of Abeta released into the conditional media did not show a significant difference between wild-type and mutant PS1 (M(146)L) transfected APP cells, mutant PS1 (M(146)L) transfected APP cells increase Abeta(1 - 42) (a subspecies of total Abeta) production with nearly a 2 fold increase, comparing to untransfected or wild-type PS1 transfected APP cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PS1 is involved in the processing of APP to Abeta, a nearly 2 fold increase of Abeta production in mutant PS1 (M(146)L) transfected APP cells indicates that PS1 may be the expected gamma-secretase itself.</p>

Study on correlativity of different syndrome types with acupoint resistance in the patient of epigastralgia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on correlativity of different syndrome types with acupoint resistance in the patient of epigastric pain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Changes of electric resistance of acupoints in 60 cases of epigastric pain with different syndrome types were detected by TZ-01 model acupoint resistance determination instrument, and the correlativity was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Imbalance of resistance occurred at special acupoints of the spleen and stomach channels in all of the 60 patients of epigastric pain. The imbalance of resistance at Zusanli (ST 36) was the most obvious, and the response of the imbalance of resistance of acupoints was different among different syndrome types.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is correlativity of different syndrome types with changes of acupoint resistance in the patient of epigastric pain.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in the peels of Citrus changshan-huyou (I) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the pharmacological activities of the components for their further utilization and development by studying the chemical constituents of Citrus changshan-huyou.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The structures were determined by repeated silica gel chromatographic separation and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five compounds were obtained, and identified as 3-oxo friedelin (I), limonin (II), beta-sitosterol (III), 8-(2',3'-dihydroxy-4'-methylbutane)-7-methoxycoumarin (IV), sucrose (V).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The five compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>