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Objective To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for the treatment of tic disorders in children based on data mining techniques.Methods A computerized search was conducted for the clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children included in the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,and PubMed databases from January 1992 to December 2022.A database was established by Excel 2019 to count the commonly used treatment methods and analyze the high-frequency application methods acupuncture(high-frequency acupoints,channel entry of acupoints,acupoint association rules,and acupoint clustering),auricular point seed-pressing(high-frequency auricular points,and acupoint association rules),and the high frequency division of cluster needling of scalp point.Results A total of 190 valid literature articles were included,involving 270 acupuncture prescriptions;among them,184 acupoints were counted in the acupuncture method,with a total application frequency of 1 906 times,and the high-frequency application of the acupoints in descending order were Baihui(DU20),Taichong(LR3),Fengchi(GB20),Hegu(LI4),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Neiguan(PC6),Shenmen(HT7),Zusanli(ST36),Yintang(EX-HN3),Sishencong(EX-HN1);and the high-frequency meridians were governor vessol,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot shaoyang gallbladder meridian,hand taiyang large intestine meridian,foot taiyang bladder meridian,foot jueyin gallbladder meridian;three sets of strong association rules and five clusters of acupoints were analyzed by SPSS modeler 18.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software.There were 29 acupoints of auricular point seed-pressing,application total frequency was 206 times,high-frequency application of auricular points in descending order of Shenmen(HT7),liver,heart,subcortex,kidney;four groups of acupoint strong association rules were obtained through the analysis of SPSS modeler 18.0 software.A total of 14 zones were involved in the application of cephalic acupoint plexus zoning,of which the high-frequency zones were parietal anterior temporal diagonal,parietal parietal 1,and chorea tremor control zone.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children,according to its pathogenesis(liver hyperactivity,kidney depletion,spleen deficiency,phlegm disturbance,etc.)and tic site,select acupoints compatibility,and mostly choose yang meridian acupoints,which is related to the nature and treatment characteristics of wind pathogen.Children's tic disorders are closely related to emotional disorders,therefore acupuncture and auricular acupoints all emphasize the method of soothing the liver and clearing the heart,and regulating the emotional state.Cluster needling of scalp point mostly used parietal temporal anterior oblique line,parietal 1 line,and dance tremor control area for the treatment of tic disorders.For children,auricular point seed-pressing and cluster needling of scalp point has the minimun of pain,the effect of treatment is long,and it is not easy to have dangerous situations such as bent needle,broken needle and so on.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor de-escalation and nicorandil therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 300 elderly patients with ACS were selected from the Sixth and Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Rescue and First Aid Hospital from November 2016 to June 2019,including 153 males and 147 females,aged>65 years old.All the patients received PCI,and all had double antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)scores≥2 and a new DAPT(PRECISE-DAPT)score of≥25.All patients were divided into two groups by random number table method before operation:ticagrelor group(n=146,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,and ticagrelor 90 mg bid after surgery)and ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group(n=154,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,ticagrelor 90 mg bid+nicorandil 5 mg tid after surgery,changed to ticagrelor 60 mg bid+ nicorandil 5 mg tid 6 months later).Follow-up was 12 months.The composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke,the composite end points of mild hemorrhage,minor hemorrhage,other major hemorrhage and major fatal/life-threatening hemorrhage as defined by the PLATO study,and the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding within 12 months in the two groups were observed.Results The comparison of general baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke between the two groups(P>0.05).The cumulative incidence of bleeding events in ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group was significantly lower than that in ticagrelor group(P<0.05),while the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding were also significantly lower than those in tecagrelor group(P<0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with ACS,the treatment of ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil after PCI may not increase the incidence of ischemic events such as cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction or stroke,and it may reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic events.
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Objective To evaluate the characteristics of different antigen-specific T cell immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)after inoculation with 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine for 12 months.Methods Fifteen healthy adults were enrolled in this study and blood samples collected at 12 months after receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.The level and phenotypic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T lymphocytes were detected by activation-induced markers(AIM)based on polychromatic flow cytometry.Results After 12 months of inoculation with 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine,more than 90%of adults had detectable Spike and Non-spike antigen-specific CD4+ T cells immune responses(Spike:14/15,P=0.0001;Non-spike:15/15,P<0.0001).80%of adults had detectable Spike and Non-spike antigen-specific CD8+ T cells immune responses(Spike:12/15,P=0.0463;Non-spike:12/15,P=0.0806).Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination after 12 months were composed of predominantly central memory(CM)and effector memory 1(EM1)cells.On the other hand,in terms of helper subsets,antigen-specific CD4+ T cells mainly showed T helper 1/17(Th1/17)and T helper 2(Th2)phenotypes.Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination generates durable and extensive antigen-specific CD4+ T cell memory responses,which may be the key factor for the low proportion of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection in China.
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Objective To investigate the effects of neuroligin-1,-2(NLGN-1,-2)on oligodendrocyte(OLs)differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system.Methods OLs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of NLGN-1 and NLGN-2.Morphological differentiation of OLs was observed by immunofluorescent staining and mRNA expression levels of myelin-associated genes were detected by Real-time PCR.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of myelin-related proteins.Results NLGN-1,-2 accelerated the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)into mature OLs,and promoted the ability of myelin sheath formation.In vitro culture conditions,the dosage of 500 μg/L had the best promotion effect on OLs differentiation and maturation,and NLGN-2 had better promoting effect than that of NLGN-1.Furthermore,the mRNA expression levels of myelin-associated genes myelin protein P0(MPZ),myelin basic protein(MBP)increased after the neuroligins treatments detected by Real-time PCR.Western blotting result showed that the expressions of MBP and MPZ increased significantly after 500 μg/L treatment with NLGN-1 and NLGN-2 for 12 hours.Conclusion NLGN-1,-2 promote OLs differentiation and myelination.The positive effect of NLGN-2 is greater than that of NLGN-1 significantly,suggesting that the treatment with inhibitory synaptic-associated cytokines may improve the ability of myelin sheath formation in the central nervous system.
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Objective To explore the application of quantitative EEG(QEEG)trends in the assessment of the state of brain function in patients with severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery and its predictive value for the risk of acute occlusion in the short term.Methods The clinical and imaging data of a case of severe left internal carotid stenosis were retrospectively analyzed,and QEEG trends were used for evaluating the state of brain function.Results It showed that rhythmicity spectrogram,amplitude-integrated EEG,fast Fourier transformation spectrogram and fast Fourier transform power spectrum in QEEG trends could quickly and visually display theta activity and amplitude at the side of severe internal carotid artery stenosis continued to increase compared with the healthy side hemisphere.Acute occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction occurred in the patient after 3 days.Conclusion As a supplement to neuroimaging examination,QEEG trends may be helpful for rapidly diagnosing brain function damage in the early stage of patients with severe internal carotid artery stenosis who are under the ischemic attack state,and even have potential predictive values for patients with acute occlusion in the short term.
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Objective To investigate the expression of serum Elabela and leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients and their correlation with disease activity index(DAI).Methods A total of 98 patients with UC admitted to Yuncheng Central Hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the UC group,including 62 patients in active stage and 36 patients in remission stage.According to the severity of the disease,these patients were divided into mild group(n=26),moderate group(n=43)and severe group(n=29).In addition,these patients were grouped into gradeⅠ group(n=25),grade Ⅱ group(n=40)and grade Ⅲ group(n=33)based on the endoscopic activity index(EAI).According to the mucosal healing condition under endoscopy,these patients were divided into the healed group(n=65)and the unhealed group(n=33).Another 51 patients with colonic polyps were selected as control group 1,and 50 healthy individuals were selected as control group 2.Serum Elabela and LRG1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between serum Elabela,LRG1 levels and DAI in UC patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum Elabela and LRG1 for endoscopic mucosal healing.Results The levels of Elabela(4.77±1.36 ng/ml)and LRG1(352.12±39.45 ng/ml)in UC group were higher than those in control group 1(2.51±0.53 ng/ml,121.02±21.06 ng/ml)and control group 2(2.35±0.42 ng/ml,120.35±23.49 ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t= 11.410～39.000,all P＜0.05).The levels of Elabela(5.26±0.54 ng/ml)and LRG1(370.42±12.49 ng/ml)in the active group were higher than those in the remission group(3.93±0.42 ng/ml,320.60±8.47 ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.705,21.242,all P＜0.05).The levels of Elabela(5.89±0.20 ng/ml)and LRG1(369.92±16.59 ng/ml)in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate groups(4.51±0.67 ng/ml,356.12±18.75 ng/ml)and mild groups(3.95±0.21 ng/ml,325.65±10.14 ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.205～35.077,all P＜0.05).The levels of Elabela(5.80±0.18 ng/ml)and LRG1(369.16±13.47 ng/ml)in grade Ⅲ group were higher than those in grade Ⅱ group(4.49±0.35 ng/ml,355.46±16.34 ng/ml)and grade Ⅰgroup(3.86±0.16 ng/ml,324.15±8.71 ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t= 3.854～48.725,all P＜0.05).The levels of Elabela(5.12±0.42 ng/ml)and LRG1(367.12±14.27 ng/ml)in unhealed group were higher than those in healed group(4.08±0.37 ng/ml,322.57±10.35 ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.043,15.917,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of Elabela and LRG1 in UC patients were positively correlated with EAI and ESR(r=0.602,0.298;0.576,0.302,all P＜0.05),but negatively correlated with hemoglobin level(r=-0.351,-0.334,all P＜0.05).The area under the curve predicted by the combination of serum Elabela and LRG1 for endoscopic mucosal healing was 0.926(95%CI:0.880～0.958),was higher than the 0.803(95%CI:0.741～0.856)and 0.783(95%CI:0.720～0.838)predicted by Elabela and LRG1 alone,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.101,4.228,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of Elabela and LRG1 in UC patients increased,and they were related to the increase of DAI and worsening of the condition.Testing serum Elabela and LRG1 can provide a reference for evaluating mucosal healing under UC endoscopy.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of a capillary electrophoresis-based method for gene diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninemia.Methods:In this single-center prospective study, 40 newborns with suspected hyperphenylalaninemia detected by neonatal liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening at Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were included, with 22 males, 18 females and a mean age at diagnosis of 21.93 days.Capillary electrophoresis was used to detect 85 variants of the phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PAH) gene in 40 newborns with suspected hyperphenylalaninemia.The PAH gene of undiagnosed patients was further analyzed by Sanger sequencing.The detection rate, sensitivity and specificity of capillary electrophoresis were calculated. Results:Among these 40 newborns with suspected hyperphenylalaninemia, 71 PAH variants were detected by capillary electrophoresis, 32 patients were clearly diagnosed, only 1 pathogenic variant was found in 5 patients, and no pathogenic variant was found in the last 3 patients.Therefore, the detection rate, sensitivity and specificity of capillary electrophoresis for analysis of the PAH gene were 80.00%, 88.75% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions:The capillary electrophoresis-based method can rapidly, efficiently and accurately detect PAH gene variants at lower cost and is a promising gene detection method for hyperphenylalaninemia in clinical practice.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal pelvic peristalsis and pacemaker cells in neonatal rats.Methods:An animal experimental study.Thirty-six 2-day-old newborn SD rats were randomly divided into the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) group, complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) group, and sham operation group, with 12 rats in each group.One week after surgery, all rats were subjected to renal pelvic pressure (RPP) measurement by puncture.After measurement, the rats were euthanized, and their left renal pelvis and ureter were removed and fixed for histological examination.Parameters such as RPP, peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude at different perfusion speeds were recorded and compared, and the changes in pacemaker cells (atypical smooth muscle cells and Cajal-like interstitial cells) were also compared.The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between 2 groups, and the one-way ANOVA of variance was used for comparison among 3 groups. Results:In the sham operation group, the RPP increased gradually with the increase of perfusion speed; the frequency of peristaltic waves rose rapidly and then dropped after reaching the highest level with the increase of perfusion speed; similarly, the amplitude of peristaltic waves first increased and then decreased as the perfusion speed increased.In the PUUO group, the RPP increased rapidly with the increase of perfusion speed, higher than that in the sham operation group; the frequency of peristaltic waves was higher than that in the sham operation group, and it was relatively constant under the perfusion speed of 40 mL/h, but when the perfusion speed increased again, the frequency began to decline; the amplitude of peristaltic waves increased quickly and then declined at a faster rate than the sham operation group with the increase of perfusion speed.In the CUUO group, the basic RPP was 12 cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa); at the perfusion speed of 5 mL/h, the RPP rose gradually, and no plateau appeared; when the RPP reached 73 cmH 2O, the perfusate retrograded from the side of the puncture needle, then the RPP slightly decreased and then balanced, and no regular peristaltic waves were observed in the renal pelvis throughout the whole perfusion process.Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed the pacemaker cells were all located in the smooth muscle of the renal pelvic wall.The sham operation group had the highest positive rate, followed by the PUUO group and then the CUUO group. Conclusions:Ureteral obstruction has a significant impact on the peristalsis of the renal pelvis, and its impact on the peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude and RPP can be predicted.The reduction of pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis may be involved in the changes of renal pelvic peristalsis caused by ureteral obstruction, but further research is needed on how pacemaker cells regulate the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of anoxic cold environment at 4500 m altitude on female men-struation.Methods:From March 1 to March 20,2023,women in a unit at an altitude of 4500 meters were selected for reproductive health questionnaire survey,and were divided into≤6 months group,6 months to 12 months group and≥12 months group according to altitude exposure time.The changes of menstruation in each group were analyzed to explore the relevant influencing factors.Results:The total incidence of abnormal menstruation in working women in hypoxic cold environment was as high as 66.14%,and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at different high-altitude exposure times(P＞0.05).The highest incidence of dys-menorrhea among the types of menstrual changes was 61.90%,but there was no statistically significant differ-ence between the groups at different high altitude exposure times(P＞0.05).There was a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05)in the proportion of insufficient sleep for at least 3 days per week,nervousness and anxiety,and training during their menstrual period in the women who experienced changes in their menstrual cycle com-pared to those who did not.Conclusions:Hypoxic cold environment can lead to the change of female menstrua-tion,and it is combined with sleep deficiency,tension and anxiety,and menstrual exercise.
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Objective:To analyze the effect of different gastric mucosa preparation programs on the quality of painless gastroscopy, so as to provide reference for developing mucosal preparation programs.Methods:This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. A total of 150 patients with painless gastroscopy from March 2021 to December 2022 in Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital were selected by convenience sampling in this study, they were assigned to control group, water group, and soda water group by random digits table method, each group contained 50 patients. All patients received oral administration of pronase + dimeticone + sodium bicarbonate solution. In addition, control group: prohibited from drinking 4 hours before examination; water group: drinking 200 ml of pure water 2 hours before examination; and soda water group: drinking 200 ml of soda water 2 hours before examination. The clarity score of gastric mucosa and the detection rate of small lesions were compared among the three groups.Results:There were 28 males and 22 females in the control group, aged (47.62 ± 13.83) years old. There were 30 males and 20 females in the water group, aged (44.68 ± 13.61) years old. There were 24 males and 26 females in the soda water group, aged (46.92 ± 12.79) years old. The difference of esophagus, gastric body, gastric antrum and total mucosal clarity scores among the three groups were statistically significant ( F values were 3.68-25.75, all P<0.05). Multiple comparison showed that the esophagus, gastric antrum and total mucosal clarity scores were (1.87 ± 0.58), (1.37 ± 0.34), (6.72 ± 0.92) points in the control group, which were higher than (1.47 ± 0.41), (1.18 ± 0.31), (5.97 ± 0.86) points in the water group, and (1.42 ± 0.41), (1.02 ± 0.22), (5.50 ± 0.79) points in the soda water group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.67-5.95, all P<0.05). The gastric antrum and total mucosal clarity scores in the water group were higher than in the soda water group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.11, 2.71, both P<0.05). The gastric body mucosal clarity score was (1.98 ± 0.74) points in the control group, which was higher than (1.64 ± 0.54) points in the soda water group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.66, P<0.05). The gastroscopy examination time and flushin times were (135.20 ± 21.60) s and (1.37 ± 0.43) times in the control group, while (115.52 ± 14.74) s, (0.90 ± 0.29) times and (107.48 ± 13.02) s, (0.62 ± 0.23) times in the water group and soda water group, the control group was higher than the water group and the soda water group, and the water group was also higher than the soda water group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.38-11.40, all P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of small lesions among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Drinking soda water 2 hours before painless gastroscopy can significantly improve the clarity of patients′gastric mucosa, shorten the examination time and reduce flushing times, but it does not improve the detection rate of small lesions.
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Objective:To explore the effect of comfort nursing intervention in hospice care for advanced cancer patients at home, and to provide reference for hospice care for advanced cancer patients at home.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 105 patients with advanced cancer who were treated in the Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University from January to February 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table, they were divided into control group of 53 cases and intervention group of 52 cases. The control group received routine nursing methods, while the intervention group received comfort nursing interventions on this basis. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks. The changes in palliative care outcomes, quality of life and death anxiety were compared between the two groups before and after intervention.Results:Totally 105 cases were included, 53 cases in the control group and 52 cases in the intervention group. In the control group, there were 25 males, 28 females, aged (58.96 ± 10.71) years old; in the intervention group, there were 22 males, 30 females, aged (59.82 ± 10.53) years old. Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in palliative care outcomes, quality of life and cancer death anxiety scores between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). After intervention, the total score of palliative care outcomes in the intervention group was (13.34 ± 5.88) points, significantly lower than (16.15 ± 5.72) points in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = 2.48, P<0.05). The overall health status score of quality of life was (68.55 ± 9.34) points in the intervention group, higher than (63.01 ± 9.28) points in the control group ( t = 3.05, P<0.05). The total score of cancer death anxiety was (8.85 ± 2.72) points, significantly lower than (10.59 ± 3.14) points of the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = 3.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of comfort nursing mode in home based hospice care can improve the quality of hospice care for advanced cancer patients, reduce their level of death anxiety, and is of great significance for improving the quality of life of advanced cancer patients.
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Congenital tongue dysplasia is rare in clinical practice.This paper reports a case of congenital tongue dysplasia,and analyzes its possible mechanism in detail through literature review,so as to provide a basis for the prevention of this disease in the first trimester.Accord-ing to the current development conditions of the discipline,the author tries to put forward palliative care program suitable for this disease,es-pecially the serial treatment and psychological management of aglossia deformity,in order to improve the life quality of the children with this disease and provide a certain reference for clinical workers.
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Objective To analyze the mutation of common driver genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in eastern Henan Province.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 661 patients with NSCLC admitted to the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu city from March 2022 to July 2023.Five kinds of gene mutation detection kits(fluorescent PCR)were used for gene detection in all enrolled patients.The relationship between the clinical features and the status of each driver gene was analyzed by statistical methods.Results In the 661 patients with NSCLC,the mutation rates of EGFR,KRAS,ALK,ROS1,PIK3CA,BRAF,HER2,RET,MET14 and NRAS were 47.35%,9.68%,5.45%,1.82%,2.87%,1.82%,1.21%,0.91%,0.61%and 0%.Mutations in EGFR,ROS1 and HER2 were more likely to occur in women(P<0.05),while KRAS mutations were more common in men(P<0.05).The mutation rates of EGFR,KRAS and ALK in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma and NSCLC.NOS(P<0.05),and the mutation rate of PIK3CA in NSCLC.NOS was the highest.The mutation rate of KRAS gene in stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ(P<0.05),and there was no significant correlation between other genes and clinical stage.Compared with smokers,the mutation rate of total driver gene was significantly higher in non-smokers(P<0.05).EGFR,ALK,PIK3CA,ROS1,BRAF and HER2 were more common in non-smokers(P<0.05),while KRAS gene was more common in smokers(P<0.05).The mutation rate of 10 driver genes in sediment cell block samples was 78.67%,and the detection rate was significantly higher than that in other types of samples(P<0.05).Conclusion Com-mon driver genes such as EGFR,KRAS and ALK are correlated with gender,pathological type,clinical stage and smoking.Qualified samples of sediment cells have obvious advantages for gene detection and could be widely pro-moted in patients.ARMS-PCR combined detection of 10 genes could be used as the preferred gene detection method for newly diagnosed and treated NSCLC patients.
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Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional nerve cultures induced by embryonic stem cells(ESCs)or induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)that mimic the structure and function of human brain.With the continuous optimization of cerebral organoid culture technology and the combination with emerging technologies such as organ transplantation,gene editing and organoids-on-chip,complex brain tissue structures such as functional vascular structures and neural circuits have been produced,which provides new methods and ideas for studying human brain development and diseases.This article reviews the latest advances in brain organoid technology,describes its application in neurological diseases and advances in stroke modeling and transplantation treatment.
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Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is mainly manifested as learning and memory disorders.Highly enriched RNA m6A methylation modification in mammalian brain is involved in glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation.Given that neuroinflammation is the main mechanism for neural damage and spatial and memory impairment of PSCI,it is speculated that RNA m6A methylation modification can regulate the inflammatory response of glial cells after stroke to improve PSCI.This review summarizes and analyzes the role of RNA m6A methylation modification in the development of PSCI and analyzes its detailed mechanism of regulating glial cell-mediated inflammation,which will provide reference for researchers in this field.
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BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),as important regulators of the inflammatory response,are involved in the immune-inflammation-brain crosstalk mechanism after ischemic stroke and have the potential to become a therapeutic agent for neurological dysfunction after ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the molecular mechanism of lncRNA acting on glial cells involved in the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke and the associated signaling pathways,pointing out that lncRNAs have the potential to regulate inflammation after ischemic stroke. METHODS:PubMed was searched using the search terms of"ischemic stroke,long non-coding RNA,neuroinflammation,immune function,signal pathway,microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocyte,mechanism,"and 63 relevant documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the early stage of ischemic stroke,the death of nerve cells due to ischemia and hypoxia activates the innate immune response of the brain,promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors and inducing blood-brain barrier damage and a series of inflammatory cascades responses.As an important pathogenesis factor in ischemic stroke,the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade has been proved to seriously affect the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke,and it needs to be suppressed promptly in the early stage.Neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke usually induces abnormal expression of a large number of lncRNAs that mediate a series of neuro-immune-inflammatory crosstalk mechanisms through regulating the polarization of microglia,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to exert post-stroke neuroprotective effects.LncRNAs,as important regulatory factors of the inflammatory response,inhibit the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke through regulating nuclear factor-κB,lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis,Rho-ROCK,MAPK,AKT,ERK and other signaling pathways to effectively improve neurological impairment after ischemic stroke.Most of experimental studies on the interaction between lncRNAs and ischemic stroke are based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion model or a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model,but no clinical trials have been conducted.Therefore,it remains to be further explored about whether lncRNAs can be safely applied in clinical practice.At present,there are many therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke,but there are relatively few studies on the application of lncRNAs,exosomes and other transplantation technologies for the treatment of ischemic stroke using tissue engineering technology,which need to be further explored.lncRNA has become an important target for the treatment of ischemic stroke with its relative stability and high specificity.In future studies,more types of inflammatory lncRNAs that function under ischemic-hypoxia conditions should continue to be explored,in order to provide new research directions for the treatment of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Currently, the dominating treatment of corneal blindness is corneal transplantation, but the shortage of corneal donors has been a major problem in corneal transplantation.Compared with the traditional preparation method of artificial cornea, with the emergence of new materials, new technologies and new commercial activities, hydrogel provides a new possibility for the preparation of artificial cornea.Hydrogel is similar to the equivalent of extracellular matrix, with high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and other characteristics, so it has been popularized and applied in many industries.As an important material of regenerative medicine, hydrogel has shown a strong application prospect in pharmaceutical research, 3D cell culture, stem cell research, 3D printing bio-ink and other fields.The main materials used for generating hydrogels are hyaluronic acid, gelatin, sodium alginate, etc.A lot of researches on using hydrogels as materials combined with different 3D printing technologies to prepare artificial corneas have been carried out and certain technical and theoretical breakthroughs have been made.This article briefly reviewed the research progress of hydrogel combined with 3D printing in the preparation of artificial cornea.
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Objective:To evaluate the optical performance of two aspheric intraocular lenses (IOL) AcrySof IQ SN60WF and Proming A1-UV with identical negative spherical aberration values, using the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D through an in vitro study. Methods:The optical performance of + 20.0 D blue-light filtering SN60WF and monofocal high-order aspheric non blue-light filtering A1-UV IOL was evaluated through cornea models with the spherical aberration of 0 μm (ISO-1) and + 0.28 μm (ISO-2) under apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm via the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D.The modulation transfer function (MTF) and USAF 1951 resolution test chart were employed to measure the IOL with centering, decentration of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm, as well as tilt of 3°, 5°, 7°, 9° and 11°.The spectral transmittance of IOL was measured with the UV-3300 UV-VIS spectrophotometer.Results:Compared with the A1-UV IOL, the spectral transmittance of SN60WF for blue light with wavelengths of 400-500 nm was significantly reduced, which effectively reduced the passage of blue light.At an aperture of 3.0 mm, the MTF values at 100 lp/mm spatial frequency for the centered SN60WF and A1-UV were 0.576 and 0.598 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.564 and 0.563 under ISO-2 conditions.At an aperture of 4.5 mm, the MTF values were 0.238 and 0.404 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.438 and 0.339 under ISO-2 conditions.The MTF values of A1-UV and SN60WF at 3.0 mm aperture and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions were larger than those under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.Under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions with a 3.0 mm aperture, A1-UV had a better optical quality compared to SN60WF, whereas under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, the optical quality of both IOLs was similar.Under the 3.0 mm aperture, the MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a decentration of 0.3 mm and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency were 0.414 and 0.571 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.438 and 0.512 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, respectively.The MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a tilt of 3° were 0.522 and 0.597 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.532 and 0.531 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.The MTF values and USAF resolution test chart of A1-UV had no significant change between the two corneal measurement conditions.When subjected to equal degrees of decentration or tilting, except for the ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions at a 4.5 mm aperture, the MTF values of A1-UV showed a gradual decline across various spatial frequencies compared to SN60WF.With the increase in aperture size, the impact of IOL decentration or tilting on MTF values and USAF 1951 resolution test chart became more notable for A1-UV relative to SN60WF.Conclusions:The SN60WF IOL effectively filters blue light within the wavelength range of 400-500 nm.However, when both IOL experience decentration greater than 0.3 mm or tilting beyond 3°, the optical quality of the IOL will decline.A1-UV has a distinct advantage over SN60WF in terms of resistance to both decentration and tilting-induced optical performance degradation in vitro.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between low-order and high-order aberrations and objective depth of focus in the human eye, and the factors that influence objective depth of focus.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.Seventy-six patients (152 eyes) with myopia and astigmatism patients who were treated at the Refractive Surgery Center of Tianjin Eye Hospital from February to April 2022 were selected, including 41 males and 35 females.The patients' whole-eye low-order and high-order aberrations and objective depth of focus were measured at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm manually selected pupil diameters using the iTrace visual function analyzer.The correlation between objective depth of focus and low-order and high-order aberrations at different pupil diameters was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Objective depth of focus was compared between individuals with different degrees of myopia and astigmatism, individuals with different pupil diameters, right and left eyes, and different sexes.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.2022039).Results:Objective depth of focus was positively correlated with total low-order aberrations at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.380, 0.317, 0.385, 0.519, all at P<0.01). Objective depth of focus was positively correlated with defocus at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.377, 0.323, 0.403, 0.512, all at P<0.01), and with astigmatism at 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.255, P<0.05). There were statistically significant overall differences in objective depth of focus between groups with different degrees of myopia at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( H=6.440, 7.370, 9.990, 16.930; all at P<0.05). Among them, the objective depth of focus of high myopia was significantly higher than that of low myopia at different pupil diameters, and the objective depth of focus of high myopia was higher than that of moderate myopia at 6 mm pupil diameter, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Objective depth of focus was positively correlated with total high-order aberration at pupil diameters of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm ( rs=0.911, 0.807, 0.733, 0.677; all at P<0.001). Among various high-order aberrations, objective depth of focus was positively correlated with total coma at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.727, 0.557, 0.620, 0.487; all at P<0.001), positively correlated with vertical coma at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.439, 0.405, 0.553, 0.400; all at P<0.001), positively correlated with horizontal coma at 5 and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.308, 0.308; both at P<0.01), positively correlated with trefoil aberration at 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.344, 0.443, 0.316, 0.330; all at P<0.01), positively correlated with spherical aberration at 4, 5, and 6 mm pupil diameter ( rs=0.321, 0.310, 0.428; all at P<0.01). There was a significant difference in objective depth of focus between 3 and 4 mm, 5 and 6 mm pupil diameters ( P=0.011, 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in objective depth of focus between different degrees of astigmatism, between males and females, or between left and right eyes (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The objective depth of focus of the human eye is mainly strongly correlated with vertical coma, trefoil aberration in high-order aberrations, as well as defocus in low-order aberrations.Horizontal coma and spherical aberration are strongly correlated with objective depth of focus only when the pupil diameter is large.In addition, if the pupil diameter is too small (3 mm) or too large (6 mm), it has a significant effect on the objective depth of focus.
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Objective:To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of serum microRNA (miR) -155 and miR-135b-5p in patients with peptic ulcer complicated with Helicobacter pylori ( Hp) infection. Methods:A prospective study was conducted, and 263 patients with peptic ulcer were selected consecutively from July 2021 to February 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College. Among them, 146 cases were confirmed as Hp infection ( Hp infection group) and 117 cases were not complicated with Hp infection (non Hp infection group) by 14C breath test; type Ⅰ Hp infection was in 110 cases, and type Ⅱ Hp infection was in 36 cases by immunoblotting method. The serum expression levels of miR-155 and miR-135b-5p were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, serum gastrin level was detected by radioimmunoassay method, and the serum pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ and PG Ⅱ were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical data were recorded. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of Hp infection in patients with peptic ulcer; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of serum miR-155 and miR-135b-5p in diagnosis the Hp infection in patients with peptic ulcer. Results:The gastrin, PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, ulcer bleeding rate and recurrence rate in Hp infection group were significantly higher than those in non Hp infection group: (108.47 ± 15.35) ng/L vs. (79.63 ± 10.58) ng/L, (295.41 ± 37.26) pg/L vs. (236.75 ± 29.17) pg/L, (44.08 ± 8.52) pg/L vs. (39.29 ± 6.74) pg/L, 25.34% (37/146) vs. 15.38% (18/117) and 21.92% (32/146) vs. 11.97% (14/117), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). The serum miR-155 and miR-135b-5p in Hp infection group were significantly higher than those in non Hp infection group (1.94 ± 0.63 vs. 0.95 ± 0.29 and 1.86 ± 0.57 vs. 1.03 ± 0.31), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The serum miR-155 and miR-135b-5p in patients with typeⅠ Hp infection were significantly higher than those in patients with type Ⅱ Hp infection (2.05 ± 0.66 vs. 1.60 ± 0.54 and 1.97 ± 0.61 vs. 1.52 ± 0.45), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that serum miR-155, miR-135b-5p, gastrin and PG Ⅰwere independent risk factors of Hp infection in patients with peptic ulcer ( OR = 1.443, 1.436, 1.452 and 1.438; 95% CI 1.165 to 1.787, 1.146 to 1.799, 1.187 to 1.777 and 1.150 to 1.798; P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of serum miR-155 combined with miR-135b-5p in the diagnosis of Hp infection in patients with peptic ulcer was significantly greater than that of serum miR-155 and miR-135b-5p alone (0.907 vs. 0.839 and 0.836, Z = 2.57 and 2.81, P = 0.010 and 0.005). Conclusions:The serum levels of miR-155 and miR-135b-5p are high in patients with peptic ulcer complicated with Hp infection, and the combination of the two has high diagnostic value for Hp infection in patients with peptic ulcer.