RESUMEN
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, marked by gastrointestinal motility disorder, a delayed gastric emptying present in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Clinical manifestations include postprandial fullness and epigastric discomfort, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. DGP may significantly affect the quality of life and productivity of patients. Research on the relationship between gastrointestinal dynamics and DGP has received much attention because of the increasing prevalence of DGP. Gastrointestinal motility disorders are closely related to a variety of factors including the absence and destruction of interstitial cells of Cajal, abnormalities in the neuro-endocrine system and hormone levels. Therefore, this study will review recent literature on the mechanisms of DGP and gastrointestinal motility disorders as well as the development of prokinetic treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in order to give future research directions and identify treatment strategies for DGP.
RESUMEN
Thyroid follicular carcinoma (FTC) is one of the highly differentiated malignant tumors second only to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Its occurrence is mainly caused by the abnormal differentiation of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Lymph node metastasis around FTC is rare, but distant tissue metastasis is more common. At present, there are few studies on the pathogenesis of FTC. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of FTC are mainly focused on imaging examination, fine needle aspiration and so on. Surgical resection is the main clinical treatment, with unfavourable prognosis. In this paper, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTC were summarized, and the research progress of FTC was reviewed.