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Objective To discuss the medication law of Professor Gu Shizhe in the treatment of insomnia based on various data mining techniques.Methods Clinical information of patients of Professor Gu was collected from the hospital management information system of outpatient clinic of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(BUCM)and BUCM Famous Elderly TCM Inheritance Research Integrated Platform from January 2018 to October 2022.Professor Gu's books,such as Zhi Zhen Zhi Yao,and Gu Jisheng,Gu Shizhe Yi An Yi Hua Jing Cui,and the medical records from CNKI were screened.WPS Office 5.2.1 was used to build a database of medicine data for Professor Gu's TCM prescriptions,and R 4.2.1 was used for descriptive analysis and Apriori association rule analysis.SPSS Statistics 26.0 was used for clustering analysis,combined with theoretical analysis,to extract Professor Gu's medication law and characteristics in the treatment of insomnia.Results A total of 307 prescriptions were included,involving 250 kinds of Chinese materia medica,among which 30 were high-frequency drugs.The top 5 most frequently used were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle,Fossilizid,Poria,Bupleuri Radix,and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.The meridians were mainly liver and lung meridian,and the properties were mainly warm and cold,and the tastes were mainly sweet and bitter.Five core drug groups were obtained by clustering analysis,including Xiaochaihu Decoction,Erchen Decoction,Huanglian Wendan Decoction,Suanzaoren Decoction,Xiaoyao Powder and other prescriptions.Conclusion The characteristics of Professor Gu's treatment of insomnia are to reconcile Shaoyang,clear the heart and soothe the mind;pay attention to yin and yang,regulate the liver;pay attention to the liver,gallbladder,spleen and stomach;the main idea of syndrome differentiation is to reconcile Shaoyang,run the Shaoyang cardinal,and at the same time regulate qi and benefit qi and nourishes yin.
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Objective@#To explore the oral mucosal manifestations of Sweet’s syndrome and provide a reference for its early detection and correct diagnosis.@*Methods@#The oral mucosal manifestations of a 60-year-old female patient with Sweet’s syndrome are described in detail, followed by a discussion of the related literature.@*Results@#The patient had skin erythema of both lower extremities, which was accompanied by oral mucosal ulceration and pain for 3 days. The patient presented with mild cutaneous lesions and diffuse large-scale erosion in the oral mucosa with obvious pain. During the onset of the disease, the patient was accompanied by fever with a temperature of 38.5°C. After visiting the Department of Stomatology, laboratory tests showed an increase in C-reactive protein (35.2 mg/L) and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (77.00 mm/h). Scattered red plaques and mild tenderness were observed in the knees and lower limbs. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions revealed scattered infiltration of immature neutrophils across the entire dermis. The patient responded well to glucocorticoid therapy. According to the clinical signs and laboratory examination, combined with the lesion histopathological results, a diagnosis of Sweet’s syndrome was given. The patient was administered 1 mL compound Betamethasone injection only once intramuscularly. In the meantime, the patient was asked to gargle with compound chlorhexidine solution and topically apply recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor solution to the damaged mucosa three times a day for 1 week. After 4 days of medication, the patient’s body temperature had returned to normal and the oral lesions were significantly reduced. After 2 weeks, the erythema in the leg and knee had almost all subsided, and the oral mucosal lesions had disappeared. The patient was followed up 6 months after treatment, with no recurrence of skin lesions. After 2 years of follow-up, the disease was stable with no recurrence. A review of the relevant literature shows that Sweet’s syndrome is a rare inflammatory reactive dermatosis with unknown etiology, which can be divided into three clinical types: specific, tumor-related, and drug-induced. The male/female prevalence ratio is 1:4. The salient clinical manifestations are abrupt onset of painful erythematous plaques or nodules most commonly involving the extremities, often accompanied by pyrexia, elevated neutrophil count, elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive C-reactive protein. The use of glucocorticoids is the most common treatment for this disease, and most patients see a rapid improvement in skin lesions; however, some may experience infection or recurrence after withdrawal. Some patients with Sweet’s syndrome are accompanied by oral lesions, but cases of oral mucosal damage have been rarely reported, and this condition is easily misdiagnosed.@*Conclusion@#Oral mucosal lesions may be extraterritorial manifestations of Sweet’s syndrome, and the patient’s systemic condition should be comprehensively considered. Skin biopsy should be completed as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis, so as not to delay the disease.
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OBJECTIVE Mitochondria plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis by regulating various pro-cesses,including calcium signaling and mitophagy.This study aimed to explore the involvement of prohibitin 2(PHB2),an inner mitochondrial membrane protein,in the modulation of mitochondrial calcium dynamics and mitoph-agy.METHODS HEK293T cells were used as the experi-mental cells and were divided into control,PHB2 knock-down,and PHB2 overexpression groups.To evaluate mitochondrial calcium dynamics,Rhod-2 AM and Mito-Tracker Green fluorescence dyesrhod-2 staining and laser confocal microscopy were employed to visualize mito-chondrial calcium imaging.Additionally,Green-5N was utilized to measure the rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake.The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using JC-10 staining and laser confocal micros-copy,while cellular ATP levels were determined using ATP assay kits.Furthermore,mitochondrial autophagy was induced by treatment with CCCP,and the expression lev-els of TOM20,LC3,and PARKIN,key mitophagy-related proteins,were analyzed using Western blotting.RESULTS The results demonstrated that compared to the control group,the overexpression of PHB2 increased mitochon-drial calcium concentration,mitochondrial calcium uptake rate,ATP level and expression levels of LC3 and PAR-KIN,but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and TOM20 expression.In contrast,PHB2 knockdown reduced mitochondrial calcium concentration,ATP level and expression levels of LC3 and PARKIN,but elevated mitochondrial membrane potential,and TOM20 expres-sion.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that PHB2 plays a vital role in regulating mitochondrial calci-um dynamics,which in turn influences mitochondrial func-tion and modulates mitochondrial autophagy.These find-ings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between PHB2,mitochondrial calcium signaling,and mitophagy.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical application of paroxetine in outpatients.Methods A retrospective analysis was used to collect the prescription information of all outpatients who used paroxetine in the hospital from January 1,2020 to June 30,2023.The structural characteristics of patients and information on medication dosage,frequency,and cost were analyzed to evaluate the rationality of prescriptions.Results A total of 28,106 valid prescriptions for paroxetine were included,of which 9257 were male and 18849 were female.The use of paroxetine hydrochloride tablets decreased annually while the use of enteric-coated paroxetine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets increased annually.The annual use of paroxetine hydrochloride tablets decreased,while the annual use of enteric-coated paroxetine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets increased.The average cost of the drug per patient unit dose increased each year.Non-compliant prescriptions included off-label use,improper dosage,excessive treatment duration,and off-label use in children and adolescents.Conclusion The clinical application of paroxetine is not standardized,and there are unreasonable situations such as overuse.It is necessary to further strengthen the medication management of paroxetine in outpatient patients.
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@#Abstract: Objective To establish an animal model of BALB/c mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route), provides a reliable animal model for the follow-up studies on the virulence of melioidosis and the pathogenesis of acute melioidosis. Methods The experiment was carried out through infecting with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route). The pathophysiological response, visceral pathological damage and bacterial colonization of the mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei were observed by gross anatomy, histopathology and tissue homogenate count, and the biological characteristics of the mouse model of acute melioidosis were analyzed accordingly. Then we compared the physiological responses in BALB/c mice between the Burkholderia pseudomallei and non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis. Results In the model of acute nasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, most death happened between the 3rd to 5th day after infection, 3×105-3×106 CFU was the suitable dose for acute fatal melioidosis model of BALB/c mice, and the medium lethal dose was about 3×104-3×105 CFU. Both gross anatomy and tissue HE staining showed that abscesses or necrosis were found in the lung, spleen and liver, especially in the spleen and lung, which was positively correlated with the challenge dose. Viable bacteria was isolated from the blood, lung, spleen and liver of Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mice, and the bacteria account colonization was related to tissue specificity. The concentration of live bacteria isolated from in the blood was the highest [Log2 value: (10.28±0.34) CFU/mL], and the organ with the maximum quantity of bacteria was the lung [Log2 value: (7.54±2.11) CFU/total organ]. It has been reported that the biological effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis were similar at the cellular level, like multi-nuclear giant cell formation and active intracellular replication, while it is still unclarrified in the differences of virulence in mice. In this study, it was proved that Burkholderia thailandensis was not fatal to mice even at a high dose (8×107CFU), or detected from mice infected with it via nasal. Conclusion We successfully established a reliable BALB/c mouse model (acute lethal model) of melioidosis via nasal infection, described its biological characteristics, and identified the different biological responses between Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis in mice.
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Objective:To analyze the differences of effectiveness of stenting for vertebral artery ostium severe stenosis via transradial access and transfemoral access. Methods:Sixty-three patients with vertebral artery ostium severe stenosis confirmed by cerebral angiography in our hospital from December 2017 to March 2022 were enrolled. Stent implantation via transradial access was performed in 30 patients (radial artery group) and stent implantation via transfemoral access was performed in 33 patients (femoral artery group). The radial artery group was divided into left and right subgroups according to the lesions of vertebral arteries; and according to the anatomical classification of vertebral arteries, radial artery group was divided into two subgroups: anatomical type I and anatomical type II. The baseline data and surgery-related data (success rate of stent implantation, time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, exposure time, and incidence of surgical complications) of patients in the radial artery group and femoral artery group were compared and analyzed. The surgical data of patients in the subgroups of radial artery group were compared and analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in the success rate of stent implantation or incidence of primary endpoint events 3 d after surgery between the radial artery group and femoral artery group ( P>0.05). The time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, and exposure time in the radial artery group were statistically shorter than those in the femoral artery group ( P<0.05). The radial artery group had significantly lower incidence of complications (9.01% vs. 30.0%) and incidence of hematoma (3.03% vs. 20.05) at the puncture sites than the femoral artery group ( P<0.05). Time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, and exposure time in the anatomical type I patients of radial artery group were significantly longer than those in the anatomical type II patients ( P<0.05); those in patients with left lesions of radial artery group were significantly shorter than those in patients with right lesions ( P<0.05). Conclusion:As compared with that via transfemoral access, the stenting via transradial access has almost the same success rate, without significant difference in incidence of perioperative serious complications, and stenting via transradial access has shorter surgical time, lower surgical difficulty, and lower incidence of complications; patients with anatomical type II or left lesions have better efficacy than those with anatomical type I or right lesions.
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Objective:To analyze the differences of effectiveness of stenting for vertebral artery ostium severe stenosis via transradial access and transfemoral access. Methods:Sixty-three patients with vertebral artery ostium severe stenosis confirmed by cerebral angiography in our hospital from December 2017 to March 2022 were enrolled. Stent implantation via transradial access was performed in 30 patients (radial artery group) and stent implantation via transfemoral access was performed in 33 patients (femoral artery group). The radial artery group was divided into left and right subgroups according to the lesions of vertebral arteries; and according to the anatomical classification of vertebral arteries, radial artery group was divided into two subgroups: anatomical type I and anatomical type II. The baseline data and surgery-related data (success rate of stent implantation, time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, exposure time, and incidence of surgical complications) of patients in the radial artery group and femoral artery group were compared and analyzed. The surgical data of patients in the subgroups of radial artery group were compared and analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in the success rate of stent implantation or incidence of primary endpoint events 3 d after surgery between the radial artery group and femoral artery group ( P>0.05). The time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, and exposure time in the radial artery group were statistically shorter than those in the femoral artery group ( P<0.05). The radial artery group had significantly lower incidence of complications (9.01% vs. 30.0%) and incidence of hematoma (3.03% vs. 20.05) at the puncture sites than the femoral artery group ( P<0.05). Time from sheath insertion to stent implantation, surgical time, and exposure time in the anatomical type I patients of radial artery group were significantly longer than those in the anatomical type II patients ( P<0.05); those in patients with left lesions of radial artery group were significantly shorter than those in patients with right lesions ( P<0.05). Conclusion:As compared with that via transfemoral access, the stenting via transradial access has almost the same success rate, without significant difference in incidence of perioperative serious complications, and stenting via transradial access has shorter surgical time, lower surgical difficulty, and lower incidence of complications; patients with anatomical type II or left lesions have better efficacy than those with anatomical type I or right lesions.
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@#Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health and life. With increasing studies on the mechanism of tumor immune escape, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand receptor 1 (PD-L1) have been proven to be involved in tumor immune escape. The primary mechanism is that PD-1 recruits protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) to dephosphorylate downstream tyrosine kinase (SyK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), thereby inhibiting downstream protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and other important signaling pathways, ultimately inhibiting T cell activation. In recent years, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have become popular immunotherapies. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been approved for HNSCC patients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Both durvalumab and atezolizumab are still in clinical trials, and published data show that both have certain safety and efficacy but still need much clinical data to support them. Meanwhile, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy is still controversial in terms of clinical efficacy and adverse events, and further research is needed. However, serious immune-related adverse reactions limit the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, despite promising curative effects. Therefore, developing novel inhibitors and investigating stable and effective biomarkers and upstream and downstream signaling mechanisms are urgent issues.
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Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of <italic>n</italic>-butyl alcohol extracts from Xiaoyaosan against depression-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） in model mice and the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor <italic>β</italic> （IGF-1R<italic>β</italic>）/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in such intervention. Method:The effective dose of n-butyl alcohol extracts from Xiaoyaosan was preliminarily determined in model mice with behavioral despair. Then the male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， fluoxetine group， Xiaoyaosan group， and the low- （20 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） and high-dose （40 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） <italic>n</italic>-butyl alcohol extract groups. The mice in all groups except for the blank group were exposed to CUMS for inducing the depression-like behavior， which was judged by the sucrose preference test （SPT）. The successfully modeled mice in the medication groups were intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs， whereas those in the blank and model groups were treated with an equal volume of solvent for five successive weeks. Following the SPT， tail suspension test （TST）， and novelty suppressed feeding test （NSFT） at the end of the fifth week， the insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） levels in mouse serum and hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The average optical density （<italic>IA</italic>） of Nissl bodies in mouse hippocampal CA3 region was detected by toluidine blue staining. The 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （Brdu） and doublecortin （DCX） expression in the dentate gyrus （DG） was assayed using immunofluorescence method. The protein expression levels of IGF-1R<italic>β</italic>， PI3K， phosphorylated-PI3K （p-PI3K）， Akt， p-Akt， cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3 （Caspase-3）， and cleaved Caspase-3 in the hippocampus were determined by Western blot. Result:The results of forced swimming test and TST showed that n-butyl alcohol extracts from Xiaoyaosan at 9.1 and 40 g·kg<sup>-1</sup> both significantly shortened the immobility time of mice （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， indicating that the effective dose ranged from 9.1-40 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>. Compared with the model control， the n-butyl alcohol extracts from Xiaoyaosan at 20 and 40 g·kg<sup>-1</sup> significantly increased the sucrose preference percentage （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， shortened the immobility time in TST （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and the feeding latency in NSFT （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reversed the down-regulated IGF-1 content in mouse serum and hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， increased the AOD of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， promoted the expression of Brdu and DCX in DG （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and down-regulated the protein expression levels of IGF-1R<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， p-PI3K/PI3K （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， p-Akt/Akt （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Conclusion:The n-butyl alcohol extracts from Xiaoyaosan are equivalent to Xiaoyaosan in inhibiting expression. They alleviate the depression-like behavior in CUMS mice， induce the production of Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA3 region， enhance neuronal proliferation and differentiation in DG， and facilitate neurogenesis. All these may be related to the inhibition of over-activated IGF-1R<italic>β</italic>/PI3K/Akt pathway and the reduction of neuronal apoptosis.
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Objective:To understand the relationship between the living environment and respiratory diseases in primary school students in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province， and to explore the related factors. Methods:From 2018 to 2019， a total of 1 044 students from grade 2 to grade 5 of a primary school in Taizhou were selected by cluster random sampling method for two consecutive years to conduct a questionnaire survey during November 15 to December 31. Correlation between living environment and respiratory diseases in primary school students was analyzed. Results:Among the 1 044 students completed valid questionnaires， 224 students had suffered from respiratory diseases in the past year， accounting for 21.5% from 2018 to 2019. Logistic regression analysis showed that existence of waste collection site within 100 m of household （OR=2.522， 95%CI：1.105-5.752）， family passive smoking exposure （OR=1.781， 95%CI： 1.234-2.571）， and household use of air pollution chemicals （OR=1.915， 95%CI：1.396-2.627） were independent risk factors for respiratory diseases in primary school students. Conclusion:There are some risk factors of respiratory diseases in the living environment of primary school students in Taizhou， and prevention should be carried out in daily life to reduce the prevalence of respiratory diseases among primary school students.
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Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, organ shortage has always been a common problem faced by countries around the world. The recognition and active participation of intensive care unit (ICU) medical staff in organ donation contributes to promoting the development of organ donation, thereby alleviating the shortage of donor organ. In this article, the key strategies of ICU donor management to promote organ donation and the key strategies of ICU medical staff management to promote organ donation were summarized, aiming to provide reference for organ donation practitioners (especially ICU medical staff) and jointly facilitate the professional development of organ donation.
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Objective@# To investigate the etiology, diagnosis and treatment principles of inherited permanent tooth embryo necrosis caused by alveolar bone resorption due to severe periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth, in order to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment@*Methods@#The clinical data and related literature of a rare case of permanent tooth embryo necrosis were analyzed retrospectively.@*Results @#This case was a 5-year-old girl. Physical examination and X-ray examination revealed chronic periapical inflammation in 75. X-ray showed that the periodontal bone of tooth 75 was extensively destroyed; additionally, the permanent tooth germ of tooth 35 was incomplete and the development was delayed compared to that of tooth 45 because of severe periapical periodontitis in the primary teeth. The initial diagnosis was that-- the embryo of tooth 35 stopped developing due to inflammation and was necrotic after tooth 75 was extracted. The postoperative pathological examination report showed that most bone around the embryos of tooth 35 was sequestrated. Through literature review and analysis, it was found that the degree of periapical lesions in the primary teeth and the developmental stage of the tooth embryo have a great impact on the formation of permanent tooth embryos. Conservative methods such as root canal therapy are usually adopted as treatment. Permanent tooth embryo necrosis caused by periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth is rare in the clinic, so it is necessary to judge the degree of inflammatory infiltration and of tooth embryo damage as soon as possible according to the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations; and to make a correct treatment plan.@*Conclusion@#There are no objective and clear diagnostic and treatment criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the pathological state of permanent tooth embryo, thus, methods such as etiology elimination and follow-up observation are usually adopted for abnormal permanent tooth embryo development. Future research should focus on prevention and finding addtional effective methods for diagnosis and treatment.
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To study and compare the medication regularities of traditional Chinese medicine formulas(TCMFs) for the six kinds of pains,namely abdominal pain,headache,epigastric pain,hypochondriac pain,heartache and backache,using a data-mining approach,in order to provide reference for relevant studies for the compatibility mechanism and new compound development of related TCMFs. A total of 2 443 TCMFs for pains were collected from the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions,and analyzed using the Apriori algorithm based on three indicators,namely confidence,lift and support,so as to study pivotal traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) for each pain and their compatibility regularities. The results showed that deficiency tonifying medicines(such as Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Qi-regulating medicines(like Aucklandiae Radix) and blood circulation promoting medicines(like Chuanxiong Rhizoma) were commonly used TCMs for pains. However,there were many differences between drugs for various kinds of pains. For example,Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex was used frequently for abdominal pain and epigastric pain,while Saposhnikoviae Radix was used frequently for headache. The latent association rules with significant lift included Carthami Flos → Angelicae Sinensis Radix for abdominal pain,Astragali Radix → Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for headache,Hordei Fructus Germinatus → Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for epigastric pain,Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma → Bupleuri Radix for hypochondriac pain,and Caryophylli Flos → Moschus for backache. This study showed that based on the TCMFs from the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions,the data-mining approach can reveal the differences and similarities in the use of TCMs for the six kinds of pains,and discover the latent composition regularities of relevant TCMs.
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Humanos , Minería de Datos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Estándares de Referencia , Medicina Tradicional China , Dolor , QuimioterapiaRESUMEN
Objective@#To explore the effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) gene silencing in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) under mechanical distraction on the expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osterix and to provide a new idea for repairing bone defects with BMMSCs.@*Methods @#The shRNA sequence was designed according to the rat HIF-1α gene, and the pGMLV-SC1RNAi lentiviral vector was cloned after PCR amplification. After screening positive clones and identifying competent transformed cells by sequencing, 293T cells were packaged and titered, rat BMMSCs were transfected and cultured in vitro. Clones with stably silenced HIF-1α expression were screened by inverted fluorescence microscopy. The RNAi response experiment was divided into four groups: the blank control group, the HIF-1α shRNA group, the negative control group, and the response group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α protein in the four groups to verify the response of the target genes and exclude off-target effects. A Flexcell FX-5000T cell stress loading system was used to intervene in the mechanical stretch of the cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of BSP and osterix in the blank control group, HIF-1α shRNA group, and negative control group.@*Results@#The HIF-1α shRNA lentiviral vector was successfully constructed. The results of the RNAi response showed no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α between the response and the blank control group (P > 0.05). The recombinant lentivirus could effectively silence HIF-1α in BMMSCs. After mechanical distraction of the BMMSCs, compared with the blank and negative control groups, the HIF-1α shRNA group showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of the bone-related factors BSP and osterix (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of BSP or osterix between the blank and negative control groups (P > 0.05).@*Conclusion @#Silencing HIF-1α in BMMSCs under mechanical distraction can promote the expression of BSP and osterix.
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@# Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of chemokine CCL20/CCR6 in promoting invasion and migration of colon cancer SW480 cells. Methods: Colorectal cancer SW480 cells with high expression of CCR6 receptor were screened by immunochemistry (IHC). After co-culture with recombinant human CCL20, the invasion and migration of SW480 cells were detected by Transwell assay and Wound-Healing assay, respectively. Expressions of EMT markers, AKT signal protein and target protein MMP3 were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) and WB. AKT signaling pathway as the key mechanism was confirmed by MK2206 blocking assay. The expressions of CCL20 and MMP3 in colorectal cancer tissues as well as their correlation were analyzed by TCGAdatabase resources (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/). Results: CCL20 promoted the invasion and migration ability of SW480 cells significantly (all P <0.01), and this was induced by activation of AKT signaling and up-regulation of downstream target protein MMP3, instead of EMT. Blocking AKT signaling could significantly inhibit the invasion and migration of SW480 cells, and down-regulate MMP3 expression (P<0.05). TCGA platform data showed that the expressions of CCL20 and MMP3 in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal mucosa tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and an evidently positive correlation was found between CCL20 and MMP3 (r =0.051, P<0.01). Conclusion: The chemokine CCL20 promotes the invasion and migration of SW480 cells throughAKT/MMP3 signal axis, but not the EMT.
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To investigate the relationship between anti-depressant effect and hippocampal nerve growth of Xiaoyao San,the inflammatory model of hippocampal neuron was induced by lipopolysaccharide( LPS). The effect of Xiaoyao San serum( final concentration of4%,8%) on the cell proliferation activity was detected by immunofluorescence,the levels of BDNF and β-NGF in the supernatant of hippocampal neurons were detected by ELISA,and the expressions of BDNF,NGF,Trk B,Trk A and CREB mRNA in cell lysate of hippocampal neuron were detected by PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Trk B,CREB,p-CREB and SYP protein in cell lysate of hippocampal neuron,and to reveal the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Xiaoyao San. The results showed that8% Xiaoyao San serum could significantly increase in Brdu/Neu N ratio( P<0. 01). 4%,8% Xiaoyao San serum could significantly improve the levels of BDNF and β-NGF in supernatant( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),up-regulate the expression of BDNF,NGF,Trk B,Trk A,CREB mRNA and Trk B,p-CREB,SYP protein in cell lysate( P< 0. 05 or P< 0. 01). 8% Xiaoyao San serum could significantly increase CREB protein in cell lysate( P<0. 05),and elevate in p-CREB/CREB ratio( P<0. 01). All the above results indicate that Xiaoyao San has a certain protective effect on LPS induced hippocampal neuron injury,which suggests that the protective effect of Xiaoyao San is related to the promotion of hippocampal nerve growth,which is one of its antidepressant mechanisms.
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Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Hipocampo , Lipopolisacáridos , NeuronasRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Somatostatin (SST) analogs work by interacting with somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). This study aimed to evaluate short-term preoperative octreotide (OCT) use in TSHoma patients and to investigate SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression and observe structural changes in tumor tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed records and samples from eight TSHoma patients treated between July 2012 and July 2015. We tested immunohistochemically for SSTR2/5 expression and examined TSHoma cells for morphological changes. Signed rank sum test was used to compare the efficacy of short-term preoperative OCT treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OCT treatment (median time: 7.9 days, range: 3-16 days; median total dose: 1.8 mg, range: 0.9-4.2 mg) led to significant decrease in all patients' thyroid hormone levels (FT3 [nmol/L]: 8.33 [7.02, 12.29] to 4.67 [3.52, 5.37] [P = 0.008]; FT4 [pmol/L]: 25.36 [21.34, 28.99] to 16.66 [14.88, 21.49] [P = 0.016]; and TSH [μU/ml]: 5.80 [4.37, 6.78] to 0.57 [0.19, 1.24] [P = 0.008]). All the eight tumor specimens expressed high SSTR2 protein levels; 5/8 expressed high SSTR5, but 3/8 that expressed low SSTR5 presented a significantly higher TSH suppression rate (P = 0.036). Electron microscopy showed subcellular level impairments, including clumped nuclear chromatin and reduced cytoplasmic volume. Golgi complexes were observed in the OCT-treated TSHoma specimens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OCT can control hormone levels and damage the ultrastructure of tumor cells and organelles. Short-term response to OCT may be related to SSTR5 expression. Preoperative SST analog treatment for TSHoma could be considered as a combination therapy.</p>
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inmunohistoquímica , Microscopía Electrónica , Octreótido , Usos Terapéuticos , Neoplasias Hipofisarias , Quimioterapia , Metabolismo , Receptores de Somatostatina , Metabolismo , Tirotropina , Secreciones CorporalesRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the expression of girders of actin filaments (Girdin) in pituitary adenomas, and its role in promoting cell proliferation and the related molecular mechanism. Methods Two prolactinoma, growth hormone adenoma and non-functioning pituitary adenoma tissues, and one normal pituitary gland tissue were collected. The protein expression of Girdin in the different tissues was detected by Western blotting, and then the expression of Girdin was further confirmed by immunofluorescence. Rat pituitary tumor cell lines GH3 cell model with Girdin knockdown and overexpression was established by RNA interference and overexpression of Girdin, respectively. The protein expression of Girdin and Akt and phosphorylation level of Akt in the GH3 cell models were detected by Western blotting. The function and biological behavior of Girdin in pituitary adenomas tissues were studied by cell proliferation assay and cell apoptosis assay. Results The expression of Girdin in the non-functioning pituitary adenomas was the highest, followed by growth hormone pituitary adenomas. The high expression of Girdin in the non-functioning pituitary adenomas was also verified by immunofluorescence assay. RNA interference and overexpression of Girdin effectively knocked down and increased the expression of Girdin, respectively, accompanied by the simultaneous changes of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, overexpression of Girdin promoted the proliferation of GH3 cells. Conclusion Girdin is highly expressed in non-functioning pituitary adenomas and can promote the proliferation of pituitary adenoma cell by regulating the Akt phosphorylation.
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In this study, an analytical method based on ultraviolet spectroscopy was established for the rapid determination of nine components including isophorone, 4-methylene-isophorone, curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone, furanodienone, curcumol and germacrone in the first extraction process of Xingnaojing injection. 166 distillate samples of Gardeniae Fructus and Radix Curcumae were collected in the first extraction process of Xingnaojing injection. The ultraviolet spectra of these samples were collected, and the contents of the nine components in these samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Least squares support vector machine and radial basis function artificial neural network were used to establish the multivariate calibration models between the ultraviolet spectra and the contents of the nine components. The results showed that the established ultraviolet spectrum analysis method can determine the contents of the nine components in the distillates accurately, with root mean square error of prediction of 0.068, 0.147, 0.215, 0.319, 1.01, 1.27, 0.764, 0.147, 0.610 mg•L⁻¹, respectively. This proposed method is a rapid, simple and low-cost tool for the monitoring and endpoint determination of the extraction process of Xingnaojing injection to reduce quality defects and variations.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue Compound (BHC) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF mRNA in retinal Muller cells under high glucose condition or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) condition by using serum pharmacological method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The retinal Müller cells of 5-7 days post-natal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with modified enzyme-digestion method. Purified retinal Muller cells were cultured in normal conditions, high glucose condition (50 mmol/L) or AGEs (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L) conditions, and BHC-containing serum was added to culture medium. The LDH leakage and VEGF expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the relative expression of VEGF mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were significantly increased in the high glucose group, the low dose AGEs group and the high dose AGEs group (all P < 0.01). The LDH leakage was obviously increased in the high dose AGEs group, when compared with the normal control group and the high glucose group (P < 0.01). The LDH leakage, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were obviously decreased by BHC-containing serum both in high glucose and AGEs conditions (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). BHC-containing serum had no significant effect on the LDH leakage and expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in normal conditions (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AGEs intervention could obviously lower the stability of Müller cell membrane. Up-regulated expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in cultured Müller cells could be induced by AGEs or high glucose. BHC-containing serum could stabilize the stability of Müller cell membrane, inhibit the transcription of VEGF mRNA and decrease the protein expression of VEGF, which might be one of important mechanisms for preventing and treating diabetic retinopathy.</p>