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ObjectiveTo investigate the difference in bilateral lower limb muscle synergy mode during gait in patients after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. MethodsElectromyography from bilateral lower limb muscles during gait were collected from twelve male and eight female patients after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, from April to June, 2023. The data were analyzed using non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm to extract the number of muscle synergies in the affected and unaffected legs, the time to peak activation of muscle synergies and the relative weights of the muscles. ResultsSix types of muscle synergy were identified in the unaffected leg of males during gait, while five types were identified in the affected leg, lacking synergy 2 that mainly from the tibialis anterior muscle. Six types of muscle synergy were identified in both legs in females during gait. There was no significant difference in the time to peak activation of muscle synergies between both legs in males (P > 0.05). However, the time to peak activation of muscle synergies increased in females in the affected leg for synergy 3 and synergy 5 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the rectus femoris was lower in synergy 1 in the affected leg in males (P < 0.05). For female, the relative weight of the vastus lateralis was higher and the relative weight of the biceps femoris was lower in synergy 2 in the affected leg in females (P < 0.05); while the relative weight of the rectus femoris was lower in synergy 3 (P < 0.05), and the relative weight of the biceps femoris was lower in synergy 6 (P < 0.05). ConclusionMales would freeze the muscle synergy dominating ankle dorsiflexion in affected leg to enhance ankle stability, and reduce the relative weight of rectus femoris during the loading response phase to weaken the knee landing cushioning. However, females would delay the activation of synergies dominating in loading response phase and the mid-stance phase, enhance the relative weight of vastus lateralis during the loading response phase, and reduce the relative weights of rectus femoris in the loading response phase and the relative weight of biceps femoris in the mid-stance phase, to limit knee flexion.
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BACKGROUND:Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique,can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly,but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS:Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants.They were divided into two groups,A(n=6)and B(n=5),using a random number table.Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period,after which they received tDCS.Conversely,Group B received tDCS initially,followed by a 3-day washout period,and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session.Following the respective stimulation sessions,an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters.Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset,whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Regarding core stability,the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle(P<0.05).A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height.Additionally,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity(P<0.05).Following true stimulation,there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation.In terms of lower limb joint stability,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle(P<0.05).This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.In addition,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis(P<0.05).This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior(P<0.05).Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height.Regarding center of pressure stability,there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement,mean lateral displacement velocity,mean anterior-posterior displacement,or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure(P>0.05).Furthermore,the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators(P>0.05).In conclusion,tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing,making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries.
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Objective To analysis the reliability of the examination of Introduction of Nursing by using the methods of generalizability theory and to give advice on how to modify examination paper.Methods Estimation value of variance component from different variations and precision indexes were calculated by applying the principle of generalizability theory.Results The generalizability coefficient and index of dependability were greater than 0.4 in choice question and terminology explanation,the generalizability coefficient of short-answer question was also greater than 0.4.Short-answer question's index of dependability and generalizability coefficient and index of dependability of comprehensive problem were less than 0.4.Conclusions Generalizability theory can be used in analysis the reliability of the examination of Introduction of Nursing.Its result is helpful to improve the framework of examination papers and the reliability of examination.
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Objective To obtain a two-dimensional evaluation result of the quality of examination paper on fundamental nursing and the students' performance,so as to find the weakness and problems in teaching and learning,and to put forward some suggestions.Methods With the S-P chart analytic system which was designed by using the technology of Excel VBA,we made an analysis of 164 papers of fundamental nursing.Results Both the P-curve and S-curve were in the lower right corner.There wasn't any long vertical line in P-curve.There wasn't any long horizontal one in S-curve either.Caution index of 4 questions and 15 students exceed 0.75.The totality difficulty index of the paper was 0.79.The suitability index was 0.43.The stability index was 0.48.Conclusions Propositional contents about physician orders management,gastric lavage,administering medication,observation of disease and pain need to be reformed into both wide coverage and clear focuses.There are no faults in students' grades.Different learning levels do exist,but with little difference.S-P chart affords multiplex and huge amount of information.Its graphics and parameters help to analyze both the students' and teachers' performance from the macroscopic and microcosmic angle,so as to make teachers self-reflective on teaching fundamental nursing and producing papers from various aspects.
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Objective To illustrate the different levels of fundamental nursing skills of undergradu ate nursing students,and explore the characteristics of the assessment method.Methods With descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance after rank transformation,and multiple comparison (Scheffe),we made an analysis of 1 340 assessment records of fundamental nursing skills.Results The score distributions of all the skills,but the skill of measuring vital signs,conformed to Gaussian distribution.The overall distribution shaped in peak state and was negative skewness,showing bias towards 70 to 90 score levels.The score levels of 60 and 70 were significantly higher than that of their surrounding levels.The scores of aspiration of sputum,oxygenic therapy and aseptic technique were the lowest,while the scores of closed bed making and intramuscular injection were the highest.Conclusions The score distribution of fundamental nursing skills is rational,which shows the methods of teaching and assessment are generally believable.But the individual bias cannot be ignored.The majority of students get high grades.Different levels do exist among different skills because of abstract or concrete characteristics and principal matters.
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Objective To analyze the CT findings of melamine induced urinary calculi.Methods Nineteen children with a history of ingestion of melamine contaminated infant formula milk were studied, including 12 males and 7 females, age ranged from 50 days to 5 years.Results CT demonstrated renal pelvic and ureteral stones in 13 cases, with urinary obstruction in 9 of them.The size of the stones ranged from 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm to stag-horn calculus.The density of the stones measured from a low of 40-70 HU up to a high of 410 HU with an average density of 160 HU.Conclusion CT scan is an excellent modality in demonstrating urinary tract calculi caused by melamine. It is the method of choice when ultrasound examinations are equivocal.