Study on Optimization of spray Drying Process of Banlangen Formula Granules / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To optimize the spray drying process of Banlangen(Isatidis Radix)formula granules based on quality by design(QbD)concept.Methods Using powder yield and the contents of uridine,adenosine,guanosine,and(R,S)-goitron as the critical quality attributes(CQAs),Plackett-Burman design was used to screen out critical process parameters(CPPs)for inlet temperature,spray pressure,liquid temperature,pump speed,and liquid relative density.The central-composite design(CCD)test was used to optimize the CPPs,which were screened.Based on the quadratic polynomial regression model,the design space of spray drying process of Banlangen(Isatidis Radix)formula granules was established,and further validated by experiments.Results Plackett-burman test results show that liquid relative density and inlet velocity are the key parameters for the study.The variance analysis results of CCD test showed that the constructed model in a good prediction ability,since the P-values of model was less than 0.01 and P-values of items lack of fit was more than 0.05.The optimized design space of CPPs was the liquid relative density 1.05-1.08,and pump speed 30%-40%.Conclusion Based on the QbD concept,the design space for the spray drying process of Banlangen(Isatidis Radix)formula granules can improve the stability of its process and help ensure the consistency of product quality.

CircCDR1as/miR-7-5p/RAF1 axis promotes autophagy levels in steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Autophagy may be involved in the pathological process of steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head(SINFH).Some studies have confirmed that circular RNAs(circRNAs)have a regulatory mechanism in SINFH;however,whether circCDR1as affects autophagy in SINFH has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To explore the level of autophagy and the regulatory mechanism of circCDR1as in SINFH. METHODS:Gene expression profiles of SINFH and control rats were extracted from the GSE26316 dataset and differential expression analysis was performed.Subsequently,the biological functions of differentially expressed genes were analyzed.Then,the target miRNAs of circCDR1as and the target genes of target miRNAs were predicted.Further,the target genes were compared with the differentially expressed genes to construct the regulatory network of circCDR1as.In addition,femoral head samples from patients with SINFH and healthy control individuals were collected.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were also applied for cellular experiments and randomly divided into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group,model group(methylprednisolone-treated),model+si-NC group,and model+si-CDR1as group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of circCDR1as and target genes in cells and tissue samples.Western blot was used to examine the expression of autophagy proteins.The luciferase reporter gene vectors,pmirGLO-CDR1as(WT),pmirGLO-RAF1(WT),pmirGLO-CDR1as(MUT),and pmirGLO-RAF1(MUT),were constructed and transfected into the cells.miR-7-5p mimic and mimic NC groups were established.The target-regulatory relationship of the circCDR1as network was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 1 283 differentially expressed genes were identified between the SINFH and control groups,which were mainly involved in apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways.Prediction analysis revealed that circCDR1as targeted 6 miRNAs,which in turn regulated 305 target genes.Among these target genes,31 showed differential expression in SINFH.Among the differentially expressed target genes,RAF1,involved in autophagy,was selected as a key gene,leading to the construction of the circCDR1as/miR-7-5p/RAF1 regulatory network.Compared with the control group,circCDR1as,RAF1,and autophagy levels were upregulated in patients with SINFH and in hormone-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(P<0.05),while miR-7-5p expression was downregulated(P<0.05).Knockdown of circCDR1as significantly decreased cellular autophagy levels(P<0.05).Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeting relationships between circCDR1as and miR-7-5p,as well as between miR-7-5p and RAF1.To conclude,the CircCDR1as/miR-7-5p/RAF1 may potentially promote SINFH through autophagy.Targeting circCDR1as is a potential strategy for partial autophagic repair in the treatment of SINFH.

Comparison of percutaneous transverse fixation of a Kirschner wire with miniplate placement for treatment of a fifth metacarpal shaft fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Fractures of the fifth metacarpal shaft are common in the clinic,and surgical treatment is mostly performed with open reduction plate fixation,but postoperatively,most patients require removal of the internal fixation and require secondary hospitalization.Transcutaneous fixation with a Kirschner wire has many advantages,such as less trauma,small incision,and no need for reoperation. OBJECTIVE:To comparatively analyze the clinical efficacy of percutaneous fixation of a Kirschner wire with miniplate placement in the transverse plane for treatment of the fifth metacarpal shaft fracture. METHODS:A total of 60 patients who underwent surgery for the fifth metacarpal shaft fracture at Binzhou Medical University Hospital between May 2018 and May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to the operation method.30 patients in the plate group were treated with open reduction miniplate internal fixation;30 patients in the Kirschner wire group were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with a Kirschner wire(of which 5 patients were treated with mini-incision incision assisted fixation).The length of hospital stay,operation time,incision healing grade,incision length,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative fluoroscopy number,and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.The fracture healing time,grip strength,and the motion range of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint were recorded in the two groups,and the functional outcomes of the fingers were evaluated by the total active movement method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Patients in both groups were followed up for 13-18 months.The differences in hospital stay,operation time,and incision healing grade between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(2)The amount of intraoperative blood loss and incision length in the Kirschner wire group were less than those in the plate group(P<0.05).The number of intraoperative fluoroscopies in the plate group was less than that in the Kirschner wire group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the fracture healing time between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)At the last follow-up,the efficacy was evaluated according to the total active movement method.The excellent and good rate was 87%in the Kirschner wire group and 90%in the plate group,with no significant difference.There were no significant differences between the two groups in the motion range and grip strength of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint at the last follow-up(P>0.05).(4)Pin tract infection occurred in one case after Kirschner wire placement,which improved after giving iodophor to enhance the dressing change.There was 1 case of pin tail irritating skin symptoms,which resolved after the removal of the Kirschner wires.There were 12 patients in the plate group who were hospitalized after 12 months for personal reasons for plate removal,and all in the Kirschner wire group were removed on an outpatient basis.In the plate group,three patients developed sensory numbness of the skin on the dorsal side of the distal fifth metacarpal and the dorsal side of the little finger,which resolved gradually with oral administration of mecobalamin after surgery.There were no instances of nonunion and refracture with internal fixation in either group.(5)Our results showed that both of these surgical procedures achieved good results in the treatment of fifth metacarpal shaft fracture with excellent functional recovery of the fingers,but the transverse fixation with percutaneous Kirschner wire has many advantages,such as less trauma,small incision,low cost,and convenient removal of internal fixation.

Study on geriatric nursing competency of undergraduate nursing interns of four nursing schools in Beijing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the geriatric nursing competency of undergraduate nursing interns in four schools of nursing in Beijing as well as the influencing factors, and to provide a reference for perfecting the geriatric nursing education system in colleges and universities.Methods:From October to November 2022, a cross-sectional survey was performed on 223 undergraduate nursing interns selected by convenience sampling from four schools of nursing in Beijing, with the use of a general information questionnaire and the Gerontological Nursing Competence instrument. A general linear regression model was established to explore the factors influencing the geriatric nursing competency of nursing interns.Results:The mean total score for gerontological nursing competency was (3.19±0.40). In all dimensions, the mean score was highest for "Providing a safe living environment for older persons" (3.40±0.47) and lowest for "Understanding the sexual needs of older persons" (2.78±0.73). The thought about whether gerontological nursing contents were enough and the level of motivation to study gerontological nursing courses were the factors affecting nursing interns' gerontological nursing competency ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall gerontological nursing competency of the nursing interns was at a medium level, with uneven competencies in different dimensions. Nursing schools should strengthen gerontological nursing course building and stimulate students' learning motivation to improve their gerontological nursing competency.

Molecular mechanism of sulforaphane promoting the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into osteoblasts / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of sulforaphane(Sul)promoting bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs)differentiating into osteoblasts.Methods BMSCs were divided into the control group(without any treatment),induction group(induction of osteogenic differentiation),and induction+Sul group(induction of osteogenic differentiation with the addition of 40 μmol/L of Sul).The adenovirus-shRNA-Mock,-shRNA-TET1,-shRNA-TET2,and-shRNA-TET3 were transfected into BMSCs as the shRNA-Mock group,shRNA-TET1 group,shRNA-TET2 group,and shRNA-TET3 group.BMSCs were cultured in cell culture medium containing osteogenic differentiation induction medium and 40 μmol/L of Sul,and then transfected with adenovirus-shRNA-TET1,-shRNA-TET2,-shRNA-TET3,and-shRNA-Mock as the induction+Sul+shRNA-TET1 group,induction+Sul+shRNA-TET2 group,induction+Sul+shRNA-TET3 group,and induction +Sul+shRNA-Mock group.The mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2 after BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts were determined by qPCR and Western blot.The DNA content of Runx2 promoter region bound to Histone H3 after BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts was determined by chromatin immunocoprecipitation(ChIP).The methylation level of Runx2 promoter region of BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts was determined by HpaⅡenzyme and MspⅠenzyme digestion combined with qPCR.The degree of BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts was determined by alizarin red staining.Results Compared with the induction group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2 in the induction+Sul group were significantly increased(P<0.05);the content of DNA in the Runx2 promoter region bound to Histone H3 was increased(P<0.05),the methylation level of Runx2 promoter region was reduced(P<0.05),and the alizarin red staining score was elevated(P<0.05).Compared with the induction+Sul group,the content of DNA in the Runx2 promoter region bound to Histone H3 in the induction+Sul+shRNA-TET1 group was decreased(P<0.05),the methylation level of Runx2 promoter region was increased(P<0.05),and the alizarin red staining score was decreased(P<0.05).While there was no significant change among the induction+Sul+shRNA-TET2 group,induction+Sul+shRNA-TET3 group,induction+Sul+shRNA-Mock group(P>0.05).Conclusion Sul can promote the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts through promoting DNA demethylation of Runx2 promoter region by TET1.

New research direction of organ dysfunction caused by hemorrhagic shock: mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control / 中华危重病急救医学

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is one of the leading causes of death among young adults worldwide. Multiple organ dysfunction in HS is caused by an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of patient. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms contributing to multiple organ dysfunction in HS, while mitochondrial quality control regulates mitochondrial function through a series of processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, and mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Modulating mitochondrial quality control can improve organ dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on organ function in HS and discuss the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, providing insights into the injury mechanisms underlying HS and guiding clinical management.

Risk factors related to the spinal anatomy of lumbar spondylolysis: a review / 中华创伤杂志

Lumbar spondylolysis refers to the bone injury between the upper and lower articular processes and the transition zone of the transverse process of the unilateral or bilateral pedicle of the lumbar spine, being a common cause of low back pain in patients that seriously affects their quality of life. The mechanism of the occurrence and development of lumbar spondylolysis is complex, and long-term stress wear and sudden damage with an external force are the main causes. At the same time, risk factors related to spinal anatomy are important causes of lumbar spondylolysis. A full understanding of the pathogenesis of lumbar spondylolysis, early identification of high-risk groups, and active preventive measures can reduce its incidence. For this purpose, the authors reviewed the research progress in risk factors related to the spinal anatomy of lumbar spondylolysis from three aspects including genetical susceptibility, local anatomy and overall spine-pelvic sequence, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of spondylolysis.

The Effect and Mechanism of Fructus lycii on Improvement of Exercise Fatigue Using a Network Pharmacological Approach with in vitro Experimental Verification / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Fructus lycii in improving exercise fatigue.@*METHODS@#A network pharmacological approach was used to explore potential mechanisms of action of Fructus lycii. Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the effect and mechanism of the representative components in Fructus lycii predicted by network pharmacological analysis.@*RESULTS@#Six potential active components, namely quercetin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 7-O-methylluteolin-6-C-beta-glucoside_qt, atropine, and glycitein, were identified to have potency in improving exercise fatigue via multiple pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, IL-17, TNF, and MAPK signaling pathways. The immunofluorescence results indicated that quercetin, a significant active component in Fructus lycii, increased the mean staining area of 2-NBDG, TMRM, and MitoTracker, and decreased the area of CellRox compared to the control. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of p-38 MAPK, p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-PI3K, and p-AKT markedly increased after quercetin treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Fructus lycii might alleviate exercise fatigue through multiple components and pathways. Among these, quercetin appears to improve exercise fatigue by enhancing energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. The PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways also appear to play a role in this process.

Structure-based development of potent and selective type-II kinase inhibitors of RIPK1

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) functions as a key regulator in inflammation and cell death and is involved in mediating a variety of inflammatory or degenerative diseases. A number of allosteric RIPK1 inhibitors (RIPK1i) have been developed, and some of them have already advanced into clinical evaluation. Recently, selective RIPK1i that interact with both the allosteric pocket and the ATP-binding site of RIPK1 have started to emerge. Here, we report the rational development of a new series of type-II RIPK1i based on the rediscovery of a reported but mechanistically atypical RIPK3i. We also describe the structure-guided lead optimization of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable RIPK1i, 62, which exhibits extraordinary efficacies in mouse models of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. Collectively, 62 provides a useful tool for evaluating RIPK1 in animal disease models and a promising lead for further drug development.

Application value of modified through-suture T-tube in laparoscopic biliary tract surgery / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of modified through-suture T-tube in laparoscopic biliary tract surgery.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was constructed. The clinical data of 15 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic biliary tract surgery in China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2022 were collected. There were 8 males and 7 females, aged (49± 14)years. Of 15 patients, 8 cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy + common bile duct exploration and lithotomy+conventional T-tube drainage were set as conventional group and 7 cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy + common bile duct exploration and lithotomy+modified through-suture T-tube drainage were set as modified group. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative and postoperative conditions; (2) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. Both groups of patients successfully completed the operation, with postoperative vital signs as stable, and no discomfort symptoms. There was no significant difference in duration of postoperative hospital stay between the coventional group and the modified group ( P>0.05). (2) Follow-up. Both groups of patients completed 30 days of postoperative outpatient follow-up. There was a significant difference in the sinus wall thickness between the coventional group and the modified group ( P<0.05). Among the 8 patie-nts in the conventional group, T tube was removed in the first 2 cases of patients after T tube angio-graphy 30 days after operation, and biliary fistula occurred in 1 of them and the drainage tube was re-indurated. For the other 6 cases, the time of T tube retention was extended to 6 weeks after surgery. After T tube angiography, the T tube was removed and no biliary fistula occurred. Among the 7 patients in the modified group, 2 cases with residual choledocholithiasis were found by T tube angiography 30 days after operation. After removal of T tube, percutaneous choledochoscopy was performed, in which the sinus wall was well formed and stone removal was smooth. The other 5 pati-ents were confirmed no residual calculi by T-tube angiography, and then the T-tube was removed, with no biliary fistula. Conclusion:Modified through-suture T-tube can be used in laparoscopic biliary tract surgery.

UPLC fingerprint establishment of extract of Cuscutae Semen and study on the relationship between antioxidant spectrum and effect / 中国药师

Objective To establish a ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint of extract of Cuscutae Semen,and analyze the relationship between the UPLC fingerprint and antioxidant activity.Methods The fingerprint of 11 batches of extract of Cuscutae Semen were determined by UPLC method,the antioxidant activity of Cuscutae Semen in vitro was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine radical,2,2-diazo-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid)diamine salt,and the correlation between the fingerprints and antioxidant activity was analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares(OPLS)and gray correlation method.The key substances that contributed greatly to the antioxidant activity were selected.Results The extract of Cuscutae Semen contains 21 common peaks,all of which exhibited a similarity of more than 0.97.By comparing with the reference sample,10 peaks were identified,of which peak 5 was neochlorogenic acid,peak 8 was chlorogenic acid,peak 9 was cryptochlorogenic acid,peak 10 was caffeic acid,peak 12 was coumaric acid,peak 15 was hyperin,peak 16 was isoquercitrin,peak 17 was astragaloside,peak 20 was quercetin,and peak 21 was kaempferol.According to the grey correlation degree and OPLS results,the peaks 8,15,16 and 18 were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity,and were thus considered to be main effective components.Conclusion The antioxidant activity of Cuscutae Semen is the result of the combined effect of multiple components.The fingerprint and antioxidant spectrum analysis can provide evidential reference for further research of Cuscutae Semen.

Anatomy of the original short head of biceps-muscular structure / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze and describe the morphological characteristics of the proximal origin of the biceps brachii, and measure the anatomical data of its tendons, so as to provide references for related clinical applications of the biceps brachii. Methods Six adult shoulder specimens (4 on the left and 2 on the right) were dissected to observe the origin, morphology, and course of the biceps brachii tendon and its adjacent relationship with the coracobrachialis muscle, musculocutaneous nerve and other structures. And then the length, width, and thickness of the biceps tendon were measured. Results The origin of the short head of biceps consisted of muscle fibers attaching directly to the tip of the coracoid process, with a thin, tendinous aponeurosis covering its anterior surface, rather than a true tendon as previously described. The mean of length,widths and thickness of the short head of biceps were (107.7±9.6) mm,(20.0±1.5)mm and (5.8±2.0)mm. Conclusion The short head of the biceps brachii is directly from the coracoid process with muscle fibers.

Research on community learning model in network teaching of Biochemistry course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the online teaching of Biochemistry course, a variety of network resource platforms (such as Zhihuishu learning network, teleconference, WeChat, QQ, etc) were used to establish a learning community. The teaching content and teaching plan were carefully designed and implemented, enriching the knowledge system of the learning community. And then blending teaching was performed through the combination of live broadcasting and online interaction. In addition to teaching students the basic knowledge of biochemistry, it is also combined with clinical cases and life examples to interact and discuss with students in various forms, giving full play to the advantages of learning community and improving the quality and effect of online learning.

Study on the treatment of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy with traditional Chinese medicine based on mitochondrial dysfunction / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy(SIC)is an important cause of poor prognosis in patients with sepsis.As a key organelle for energy synthesis,mitochondrial damage leading to myocardial energy metabolism disorders has become the core pathophysiological mechanism of SIC.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is of great significance for improving cardiac function and improving therapeutic effects in patients with sepsis.This article reviews the pathological and physiological mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial cells during sepsis from the perspectives of mitochondrial dynamics,antioxidant stress damage,mitochondrial biosynthesis,and mitophagy,as well as the protective mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine targeting the improvement of mitochondrial dynamics,mitochondrial biosynthesis,mitophagy,and mitochondrial antioxidant stress damage to alleviate myocardial injury.Explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of Traditional Chinese medicine for treating SIC,and expand new ideas for the treatment of SIC with traditional Chinese medicine.

Hemorrhagic shock-induced vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage: progress on mechanism of damage and preventive and therapeutic strategies / 中华创伤杂志

Hemorrhagic shock, a life-threatening organ hypoperfusion caused by rapid, massive blood loss, is the leading cause of traumatic death in peacetime and wartime. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx (vEG) plays an important role in maintaining microcirculatory homeostasis. Severe ischemia and hypoxia of hemorrhagic shock can damage the vEG, leading to endothelial dysfunction and exacerbated microcirculatory and organ impairments. Therefore, early prevention and treatment of vEG damage in hemorrhagic shock can improve microcirculation dysfunction, which is of paramount importance for therapeutic efficacies and outcomes. There have been many studies on the prevention and treatment of vEG damage in hemorrhagic shock, but none is based on the management of vEG damage. The authors reviewed the progress on the mechanism and preventive and therapeutic strategies of vEG damage caused by hemorrhagic shock, hoping to provide reference for the further research of hemorrhagic shock-induced vEG damage.

Association of hs-CRP with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association of the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS, 2017-2018) were used and the elderly over 65 years old were included in this study. Through questionnaire interview and physical examination, the information including demographic characteristics, behavior, diet, daily activity, cognitive function, and health status was collected. The association between hs-CRP and frailty and its components in the participants was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline. Results: A total of 2 453 participants were finally included, the age was (84.8±19.8) years old. The median hs-CRP level was 1.13 mg/L and the prevalence of frailty was 24.4%. Compared with the low-level group (hs-CRP<1.0 mg/L), the OR (95%CI) value of the high-level group (hs-CRP>3.0 mg/L) was 1.79 (1.35-2.36) mg/L. As for the components, the hs-CRP level was also positively associated with ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the low-level group, the OR (95%CI) values of the high-level group for the four components were 1.68 (1.25-2.27), 1.88 (1.42-2.50), 1.68 (1.31-2.14) and 1.39 (1.12-1.72), respectively. Conclusion: There is a positive association between the levels of hs-CRP and the risk of frailty among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. The higher hs-CRP level may increase the risk of frailty by elevating the risk of four physical functional disabilities, namely ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity.

Association of plasma vitamin B12 level with plasma uric acid level among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association of plasma vitamin B12 level with plasma uric acid level among the elderly over 65 in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: The elderly over 65 years old with complete information on plasma vitamin B12 and plasma uric acid from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (2017 to 2018) were recruited in this study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life styles, diet intake, and health status were collected by questionnaire and physical examination; and fasting venous blood was collected to detect the levels of plasma vitamin B12, uric acid and other indicators. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association of plasma vitamin B12 level per interquartile range increase with plasma uric acid level. The association trend of plasma vitamin B12 level with plasma uric acid level was described by restrictive cubic splines fitting multiple linear regression model. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of plasma vitamin B12 level stratified by quartiles with hyperuricemia. Results: A total of 2 471 participants were finally included in the study, the age was (84.88±19.76) years old, of which 1 291 (52.25%) were female. The M (Q1, Q3) level of plasma vitamin B12 was 294 (203, 440) pg/ml and the plasma uric acid level was (341.01±90.46) μmol/L. A total of 422 participants (17.08%) were defined with hyperuricemia. The results of multiple linear regression model showed that there was a positive association of plasma vitamin B12 level with plasma uric acid level after adjustment for covariates (P<0.05). An IQR increase in plasma vitamin B12 (237 pg/ml) was associated with a 6.36 (95%CI: 2.00-10.72) μmol/L increase in the plasma uric acid level. The restrictive cubic splines curve showed a positive linear association of log-transformed plasma vitamin B12 with uric acid level (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is a positive association of plasma vitamin B12 level with plasma uric acid level among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China.

Analysis of the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect viral nucleic acid of Norovirus (NoV), Sappovirus (SaV), Astrovirus (AstV), Enteric Adenovirus (AdV) or antigen of Rotavirus (RV) in 748 stool samples collected from Beijing Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2018 to December 2021. Subsequently, the reverse transcription PCR or PCR method was used to amplify the target gene of the positive samples after the initial screening, followed by sequencing, genotyping and evolution analysis, so as to obtain the characteristics of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mega 6.0. Results: From 2018 to 2021, the overall detection rate of the above five common viruses was 37.6%(281/748)in children under 5 years old in Beijing. NoV, Enteric AdV and RV were still the top three diarrhea-related viruses, followed by AstV and SaV, accounting for 41.6%, 29.2%, 27.8%, 8.9% and 7.5%, respectively. The detection rate of co-infections with two or three diarrhea-related viruses was 4.7% (35/748). From the perspective of annual distribution, the detection rate of Enteric AdV was the highest in 2021, while NoV was predominant in the other 4 years. From the perspective of genetic characteristics, NoV was predominant by GⅡ.4, and after the first detection of GⅡ.4[P16] in 2020, it occupied the first two gene groups together with GⅡ.4[P31]. Although the predominant RV was G9P[8], the rare epidemic strain G8P[8] was first detected in 2021. The predominant genotypes of Enteric AdV and AstV were Ad41 and HAstV-1. SaV was sporadic spread with a low detection rate. Conclusion: Among the diarrhea-related viruses infected children under 5 years of age in Beijing, the predominant strains of NoV and RV have changed and new sub-genotypes have been detected for the first time, while the predominant strains of AstV and Enteric AdV are relatively stable.

Distribution characteristics of body mass index among Chinese oldest-old aged 80 years and above / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate body mass index (BMI) level, identify the main type of nutritional problem, and describe the population distribution characteristics of BMI among Chinese people aged 80 years or above. Methods: The data of 9 481 oldest-old individuals were obtained from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method, weighted estimates of BMI, and comparisons by BMI quintiles were used to describe the BMI level and distribution characteristics among the oldest-old. Results: The average age of the participants was (91.9±7.7) years, with P50 of the weighted BMI at 21.9 (95%CI: 21.8-22.0) kg/m2. The result of BMI level showed a decreasing trend with age, with a rapid decline before age 100, and then the trend became slower. There are about 30% of the oldest-old classified as undernutrition, but the prevalence of overnutrition is only about 10%. The population distribution characteristics by BMI quintiles showed the oldest-old with lower BMI levels were likely to have the following characteristics: sociodemographically, to be older, female, ethnic minority, unmarried/divorced/widowed, rural residents, illiterate, with inadequate living expenses, located in Central, South, or Southwest China; regarding lifestyles, lower BMI levels were observed for participants who were smoking, not exercising, lack of leisure activities, or with poor dietary diversity; considering functional status, participants with lower BMI levels were those who have poor chewing ability, disability in activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, hearing loss, visual impairment, or poor self-rated health status. The oldest-old with higher BMI levels were likely to have heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Conclusions: The overall BMI level was low among the Chinese oldest-old and it showed a downward trend with age. Currently, the main nutritional problem among the Chinese oldest-old was undernutrition rather than overweight or obesity. Management of healthy lifestyles, functional status, and diseases would be helpful to reduce the risk of undernutrition among the oldest-old.

Protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis compatibility against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility against triptolide(TP)-induced hepatotoxicity. The experiment was divided into a blank group, model group, Astragalus membranaceus group, Angelica sinensis group, and compatibility groups with Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1, 2∶1, and 5∶1. TP-induced hepatotoxicity model was established, and corresponding drug intervention was carried out. The levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum were detected. Pathological injuries of livers were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione(GSH) in the liver were measured. Wes-tern blot method was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-1 alpha(PGC-1α), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) in livers. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α in livers. The results indicated that Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 could significantly reduce the levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP, improve the pathological damage of liver tissue, increase the levels of GSH and GSH-Px, and reduce the content of MDA in liver tissue. Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1 and 2∶1 could significantly improve the level of SOD. Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility significantly increased the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1, improved the protein expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α, and decreased the protein expression of Keap1 in liver tissue. The above results confirmed that the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis had antioxidant effects by re-gulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α, and the Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 had stronger antioxidant effect and significantly reduced TP-induced hepatoto-xicity.