Adaptive admittance control for dual-arm surgical robot using radial basis function neural network / 中国医学物理学杂志

Aiming at the problem of large force tracking errors caused by environmental stiffness changes when dual-arm robot is assisting in opening soft tissues in head and neck surgery,an adaptive admittance control strategy based on radial basis function(RBF)neural network is proposed for reducing force tracking error and improving system response speed.By using RBF neural network to adjust admittance parameters online during surgery,the adaptability of the robotic arm to different contact conditions and operation requirements is improved,thereby realizing fast and accurate force tracking.The simulation experiment introduces the adaptive admittance control strategy based on RBF neural network into the dual-arm force synchronous admittance control system and compares it with the traditional fixed-parameter admittance control to prove its contact force control effect under the condition of variable contact environment parameters.The results demonstrate that the adaptive admittance control strategy based on RBF neural network can effectively improve the force tracking accuracy,response speed and anti-interference capability of dual-arm surgical robot.

Clinical phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 5 pediatric patients with β-ketothiolase deficiency / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with β-ketothiolase deficiency (BKTD). Methods: The clinical characteristics, biochemical, markers detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as well as the variants in ACAT1 gene among 5 children with BKTD in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between October 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The onset age of the disease in 5 patients (4 males and 1 female) ranged from 9.7 to 28.0 months. During the acute phase, severe metabolic acidosis was observed with a pH of 6.9-7.1, as well as hypoglycaemia (2.3-3.4 mmol/L) and positive urinary ketone bodies (+-++++). Blood levels of methylcrotonyl carnitine, methylmalonyl carnitine and malonyl carnitine were 0.03-0.42, 0.34-1.43 and 0.83-3.53 μmol/L respectively and were significantly elevated. Urinary 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid was 22-202 and 3-hydroxybutyric acid was 4-6 066, both were higher than the normal levels. Methylcrotonylglycine was mild elevated (0-29). The metabolites detected by MS/MS and GC/MS were significantly reduced after treatment. Analysis of ACAT1 gene mutation was performed in 5 children. Most variants were missense (8/9). Four previously unreported variants were identified: c.678G>T (p.Trp226Cys), c.302A>G (p.Gln101Arg), c.627_629dupTGA (p.Asn209_Glu210insAsp) and c.316C>T (p.Gln106Ter), the first 2 variants were predicted to be damaging by SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and Mutation Taster software. c.316C>T (p.Gln106Ter) is a nonsense variant. Conclusions: β-ketothiolase deficiency is relatively rare, lacks specific clinical manifestations, however severe metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and ketosis during the acute onset were consistent findings. Missense mutations in the ACAT1 gene are common genetic causes of β-ketothiolase deficiency.

Expression of circ⁃RACGAP1 in bladder cancer tissue and its mechanism of action on proliferation , migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @# To analyze the expression and clinical significance of circ⁃RACGAP1 in bladder cancer tissues , and to explore the influence and mechanism of circ⁃RACGAP1 on the malignant biological behavior of bladder cancer cells. @*Methods @#The expression of circ⁃RACGAP1 in bladder cancer tissues was explored through the TCGA database , and the relationship between the expression of circ⁃RACGAP1 and the clinicopathological features of bladder cancer patients was analyzed. The expression of circ⁃RACGAP1 in cell lines 5637 , T24 , J82 , RT⁃4 and UM⁃UC⁃3 was analyzed by quantitative real⁃time PCR (qPCR) . The circ⁃RACGAP1 knockdown plasmid was transfected into T24 cells by lipofection technology. Colony formation assay , scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to analyze the effects of knocking down circ⁃RACGAP1 on the proliferation , migration and invasion of T24 cells , respectively. The targeted binding between circ⁃RACGAP1 and miR⁃4324 was verified using deepBase , Circbank , CircInteractome , circRNABase databases and a fluorescent reporter system. The effect of knocking down circ⁃RACGAP1 on the expression of miR⁃4324 in T24 cells was detected by qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the effect of knocking down circ⁃RACGAP1 on the expression of recombinant rac⁃GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) protein and phosphatidylinositol⁃3 ⁃kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway proteins in T24 cells. @*Results @#circ⁃RACGAP1 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues (P < 0. 01) , and its expression increased with the clinical stage of the patients ( P < 0. 01) . The expression of circ⁃RACGAP1 in bladder cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal human bladder epithelial cells ( all P < 0. 01) . Compared with the control group , the proliferation , migration and invasion abilities of T24 cells in the sh⁃circ⁃RAC⁃GAP1 group significantly decreased (all P < 0. 01) . circ⁃RACGAP1 could target and inhibit the expression of miR⁃4324 (P < 0. 01) . Compared with the control group , the expression level of RACGAP1 protein in T24 cells in the sh⁃circ⁃RACGAP1 group decreased (P < 0. 01) , and the expression levels of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins phosphatidylinositol⁃3 ⁃kinase (p⁃PI3K) , phosphorylated protein kinase B (p⁃AKT) , nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) decreased (all P < 0. 01) . Conclusion circ⁃RACGAP1 is highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell GAP1 plays a role by inhibiting the expression of miR⁃4324 and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Effect of autophagy regulation on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of mouse spermatogonia / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect of autophagy regulation on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury(H/RI)in mouse spermatogonia,and to explore the effect of autophagy on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in mouse testicular tissue.Methods The mouse spermatogonial cell line GC1 spg was used as the research object to construct the H/RI model.Rapamycin(RAPA)and 3-methyladenine(3-MA)were used as autophagy ago-nists and inhibitors.The control group,the model group,the autophagy agonist intervention group(H/RI+autophagy agonist intervention),and the autophagy inhibitor intervention group(H/RI+autophagy inhibitor intervention)were set up.The cells proliferation ability of each group was detected by methyl thiazol tetrazoli-um(MTT)method.The release level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptosis level of each group were detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of autophagy-related gene Beclin1 and apoptosis-relat-ed genes Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅰ,LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin1,p62 and apoptosis-relat-ed proteins Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 in each group were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the proliferation abiliy,the expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 mRNA in the model group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the relative expression levels of p62 and Bcl-2 proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the protein expresion levels of Beclin1,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the cell proliferation a-bility,the expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 mRNA in the autophagy agonist intervention group were the protein ratio of significantly increased(P＜0.01),the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 and the protein ration of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the expression level of Bax mRNA were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of p62,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Com-pared with the model group,the cell proliferation ability,the mRNA expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in the autophagy inhibitor intervention group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the protein expression lev-els of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 protein were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of p62,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰwere significantly iecreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Enhanced au-tophagy can inhibit apoptosis of spermatogonia and repair H/RI in mice,which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of testicular tissue IRI.

Adaptive sliding mode predictive control for robot-assisted vascular interventional surgery / 中国医学物理学杂志

The robustness of sliding mode control is utilized to improve the adaptability of the control system to changes in vascular mechanical properties of different patients.Adaptive sliding mode control is designed to adapt the controller to the needs of different virtual environment simulations through an adaptive mechanism,thereby weakening the chattering of sliding mode control.The extrapolation prediction algorithm is invoked under the adaptive sliding mode control to reduce the effects of delay on the control and improve force feedback transparency.The experimental results demonstrate that adaptive sliding mode predictive control can enhance system stability,force feedback control accuracy,and fidelity of force feedback control system for flexible surgical instruments.The study has important theoretical significance and practical value for the design of systems with flexible control objects and the improvement of force feedback fidelity.

Relevant factors of eating outofhome and its association with overweight and obesity among middle school students in Wuhan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and relevant factors of eating out-of-home among middle school students in Wuhan, and to analyze its association with overweight/obesity, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of overweight/obesity among middle school students.@*Methods@#From March to April 2023, 1 654 middle school students in Wuhan were selected by convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relevant factors of eating out-of-home and to explore its relationship with overweight/obesity among middle school students.@*Results@#On weekdays, 57.19% of the middle school students ate out-of-home at least once a week. On weekends, 81.38% of the participants ate out-of-home at least once a week. The multivariate analysis showed non -resident students were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekdays (OR=4.32, 95%CI =2.10-8.90, P <0.05). Middle school students whose fathers with educational backgrounds of high school, technical secondary school or college above, and families with per capita monthly income levels of 2 000-5 000 and >5 000 yuan, and average monthly food expenses of 500-<1 000 and 1 000-<1 500 yuan were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekends ( OR= 2.12 , 2.77; 2.58, 3.32; 1.70, 1.98, P <0.05). Middle school students with qualified nutrition and health knowledge scores were more likely to eat out-of-home on weekends than those with excellent nutrition and health knowledge scores ( OR=1.51, 95%CI = 1.12 -2.06, P <0.05). Students who ate out-of-home once or twice per week on weekends had 1.50 times higher risk of overweight/obesity than those who ate out-of-home none per week on weekends (adjusted OR =1.50, 95% CI =1.05-2.15, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Eating out-of-home is common among middle school students in Wuhan. Middle school students should actively cultivate awareness of healthy eating, and decrease the frequency of eating out-of-home to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity .

Expression change and role of Kruppel-like factor 4 mRNA, microRNA-881-3p, circular RNA_20298 and circular RNA_14826 in the hepatocyte apoptosis during the rat liver regeneration / 解剖学报

[ Abstract] Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA (miRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNAs) at 0 hour and the 120 th hour in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2 / 3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy, PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3. 2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at the 0 hour and the 120th hour PH, the ratio value of KLF4 mRNA showed 1. 00±0. 16 and 3. 14±0. 27, miR-881-3p displays 18. 30±1. 44 and 0. 47±0. 02, circRNA_20298 indicated 0. 32±0. 10 and 4. 24±0. 22, circRNA_14826 showed 0. 42±0. 13 and 0. 61±0. 08. At the same time, the four kinds of cell apoptosis-related genes adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), annexin A5 (ANXA5), ect, which were promoted in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at 0 hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes synuclein gamma (SNCG), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4 (FGD4), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the cell apoptosis-related genes ANXA5 and thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10), which are promoted in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at the 120th hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) and ataxin 3 (ATXN3), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at the 120th hour after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, KLF4, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell apoptosis-related genes, which are regulated by KLF4, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in active state 0 hour after PH and to be in apoptotic state 120-hour after PH.

Quality evaluation of Compound Cheqian Tablets based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and "double external standards" QAMS / 中国中药杂志

The Compound Cheqian Tablets are derived from Cheqian Power in Comprehensive Recording of Divine Assistance, and they are made by modern technology with the combination of Plantago asiatica and Coptis chinensis. To investigate the material basis of Compound Cheqian Tablets in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, in this study, the chemical components of Compound Cheqian Tablets were characterized and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and a total of 48 chemical components were identified. The identified chemical compounds were analyzed by network pharmacology. By validating with previous literature, six bioactive compounds including acteoside, isoacteoside, coptisine, magnoflorine, palmatine, and berberine were confirmed as the index components for qua-lity evaluation. Furthermore, the content of the six components in the Compound Cheqian Tablets was determined by the "double external standards" quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS), and the relative correction factor of isoacteoside was calculated as 1.118 by using acteoside as the control; the relative correction factors of magnoflorine, palmatine, and berberine were calculated as 0.729, 1.065, and 1.126, respectively, by using coptisine as the control, indicating that the established method had excellent stability under different conditions. The results obtained by the "double external standards" QAMS approximated those obtained by the external standard method. This study qualitatively characterized the chemical components in the Compound Cheqian Tablets by applying UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and screened the pharmacodynamic substance basis for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy via network pharmacology, and primary pharmacodynamic substance groups were quantitatively analyzed by the "double external stan-dards" QAMS method, which provided a scientific basis for clarifying the pharmacodynamic substance basis and quality control of Compound Cheqian Tablets.

Short-term outcomes and learning curve of the robot-assisted Heller-Dor myotomy for achalasia of cardia: A single-center retrospective study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate short-term outcomes of robot-assisted Heller-Dor myotomy (RAHM-Dor) for achalasia of cardia and our learning curve experience. Methods     The clinical data and recent follow-up results of 42 patients who received RAHM-Dor from November 2015 to January 2020 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 males and 22 females with a mean age of 40.8±18.4 years. Results    Dysphagia was the most common symptom, followed by heartburn and regurgitation. The mean operation time was 122.8±23.9 min. The mean blood loss was 47.5±32.7 mL. Two patients suffered mucosal injury, and successfully repaired by suturing during surgery. There was no esophageal fistula, conversion to an open operation or perioperative death in this series. The median length of hospital stay was 8 (6, 9) d. In all patients, the Stooler and Eckardt scores of postoperative 1, 6 and 12 months decreased compared to those of pre-operation (P<0.001). Conclusion     RAHM-Dor is a safe and feasible avenue for the treatment of achalasia of cardia, and can achieve a satisfying short-term results. The learning curve shows a transition to the standard stage from the learning stage after 16-18 operations.

A new stage for healthy China： new characteristics and urgency of public health / 上海预防医学

Building a strong public health system has become an urgent task in the new era. Based on more than eight years of systematic research， we believe that five aspects need to be prioritized for a strong system. First， we should change the perspective on public health， using the word “gonggong jiankang” to replace “gonggong weisheng” and the word “gonggong jiankang tixi” to replace “gonggong weisheng tixi”， to lead the public health system development. Second， we should develop a suitable public health system and continuously improve the health capacity for governance. Third， we should make it clear that the goal of building a strong system is not far-fetched， and we need to consolidate the existing institutional advantages of China’s public health system： when encountering major problems， we can maintain a unified goal and mobilize the whole society to cooperate effectively to accomplish the goal. However， we need to make up for shortcomings one by one， especially to solve the key problem of lacking a strong coordination mechanism in daily work. Fourth， we should pursue excellence and consolidate the“suitable” mechanism proven in the process of coping with the COVID-19， so that efficient mechanisms to deal with major issues can be used in routine work， and efforts should be made to consolidate the advantages of prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency response，so as to achieve the balanced development of regions categories and units.Finally， it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of government and research institutions， in the aspects of technological innovation， talent team building and accurate consulting services， and work together to pursue a suitable and strong system to realize the modernization of the health system and capacity for governance.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic features of 63 HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-center real-world study in China / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: This study aimed to look into the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Methods: Retrospective review of the clinical data of 63 HIV-infected patients with DLBCL diagnosed at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between July 2008 and August 2021. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival curves, and the log-rank test method was used to compare survival between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: In 63 patients with HIV-associated DLBCL, 57 (90.5% ) were men, and the median age was 49 (23-87) years. The most common pathological subtype was the germinal center B-cell-like lymphoma (74.6% ) ; 46.0% (29/63) were combined with extranodal lesions. Seventeen of 63 (27.0% ) patients had large masses (≥7.5 cm) . Twenty of 63 (31.7% ) patients had B symptoms. The median CD4(+) T cell count was 203 (4-1022) ×10(6)/L. A total of 49% (25/51) patients had CD4(+) cell count <200×10(6)/L, 56.9% (33/58) had high (3-5) International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores, and 43.1% (25/58) had low (0-2) IPI scores. Further, 78% (46/59) were diagnosed with Ann Arbor Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ, and 25.4% (16/63) didn't receive chemotherapy. A total of 22.2% (14/63) of patients received less than four cycles of chemotherapy, and 52.4% (33/63) received four or more cycles of chemotherapy. Among patients undergoing chemotherapy, 61.7% (29/47) received R-CHOP-like regimens, and 38.3% (18/47) used CHOP-like regimens. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 65.0% , 53.8% , 47.1% , and 43.5% , respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 60 years (P=0.012) , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Gruop Performance Status (ECOG-PS) score 2-4 points (P=0.043) , IPI score 3-5 points (P=0.001) , β(2)-MG elevation (≥5.5 mg/L) (P=0.007) , and systemic chemotherapy cycles less than four times (P<0.001) were the negative prognostic factors affecting the OS of patients. The Cox multivariate analysis depicted that age ≥60 years (HR=2.272, 95% CI 1.110-4.651, P=0.025) , IPI score 3-5 points (HR=3.562, 95% CI 1.794-7.074, P<0.001) , ECOG-PS score 2-4 points (HR=2.675, 95% CI 1.162-6.153, P=0.021) , and number of cycles of chemotherapy<4 (HR=0.290, 95% CI 0.176-0.479, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for adverse prognosis of OS. Conclusion: HIV-associated DLBCL is the most common HIV-related tumor, is most commonly seen in men, and has a high 1-year mortality rate. Chemotherapy combined with antiretroviral therapy can improve patient prognosis.

Research advances on stem cell therapy for diabetic foot wounds / 中华烧伤杂志

Diabetic foot wound repair is a challenging issue in clinical practice. Due to the influence of multiple factors including the damage and regeneration failure of local tissue, the impaired pathways of wound repairing through blood vessels and nerve nutrition, and disorders of a variety of cellular factors, traditional treatment methods are often difficult to achieve good therapeutic effects. Stem cells are a type of cells with potentials of multidirectional differentiation, which also possess functions such as regulating immunity and paracrine to facilitate the comprehensive wound repair, so they have promising application prospect at present for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. Because the relevant parameters of stem cell treatment are in the exploratory phase, there were no standardized data. This paper reviews the application of stem cells in the research of diabetic foot wound treatment over the past 6 years, analyzing and summarizing the contents in focused aspects including the types and sources of stem cells, effects of donor age and gender on stem cells, mode of administration, transplantation survival rate and safety, which may provide a reference for further application of stem cells in the clinical treatment of diabetic foot wound.

Genetic diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Zanthoxylum nitidum / 中国中药杂志

In order to reveal the distribution and population characteristics of endophytic fungi from Zanthoxylum nitidum and the antibacterial potential,this study performed molecular identification and analyzed the genetic diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Z. nitidum in Guangxi. Through culture and molecular identification,35 strains,belonging to 15 genera,12 families,10 orders,4 classes,and 2 phyla,were isolated from various tissues of Z. nitidum,of which Colletotrichum and Fusarium were the dominant genera,respectively accounting for 20% of total strains. The diversity of endophytic fungi was significantly different among roots,stems,and leaves,as manifested by the significantly higher Shannon index( H') in stems( 1. 678) than in roots( 0. 882 1) and leaves( 0. 515 4). The antimicrobial activity analysis showed that 14. 28% of endophytic fungi inhibited at least one indicator pathogen. Among them,Fusarium sp. ZN-34 and Fusarium sp. ZN-26 separately demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In general,Fusarium sp. ZN-26 and Phialemoniopsis plurioloculosa ZN-35 were advantageous in suppressing the two bacteria owing to the broad spectrum and strong efficacy. In summary,Z. nitidum in Guangxi boasts rich endophytic fungi with the majority showing strong antibacterial activity,which can be used as candidates for the extraction and separation of basic antibacterial substances and the development of natural antibacterial agents.

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β mRNA, microRNA-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β(CEBPβ) mRNA, miR-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 regulate the hepatocytes in G

Impacts and strategies for the construction of the disease control and prevention system in the COVID-19 outbreak / 上海预防医学

The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China. Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority in China’s public policy agenda. This paper revealed the problems of the system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposed several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including: 'Prevention first' should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in 'Healthy China 2030' initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.

Expression, purification and polyclonal antibody preparation of the Schistosoma japonicum SjGrpE protein / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the biological properties of Schistosoma japonicum SjGrpE protein, and to express and purify the recombinant SjGrpE protein and test its immunogenicity. Methods The amino acid composition, molecular weight, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, transmembrane region, signal peptide, localization, phosphorylation site, ubiquitination site, glycosylation site, secondary and tertiary structures and B cell epitopes of the SjGrpE protein were predicted using bioinformatics analyses. The SjGrpE gene was amplified using PCR assay using S. japonicum cDNA as a template, double enzyme-digested and linked to the pET28a vector to yield the recombinant plasmid pET28a-SjGrpE. The recombinant plasmid pET28a-SjGrpE was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, and then IPTG was employed to induce the expression of the target protein, which was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. After mice were immunized with the recombinant SjGrpE protein, mouse sera were collected, and the polyclonal antibody against the SjGrpE protein was characterized. Results SjGrpE protein, which was identified as a hydrophilic protein, was predicted to have a molecular weight of approximately 24.3 kDa without transmembrane regions or signal peptides, and locate in the mitochondrion. SjGrpE protein contained 18 phosphorylation sites and 2 ubiquitination sites, but had no glycosylation sites. In addition, SjGrpE protein contained 5 B-cell epitopes. The full length of SjGrpE gene was approximately 660 bp. The recombinant pET28a-SjGrpE plasmid was successfully generated, and the recombinant SjGrpE protein was obtained following the affinity chromatography, which stimulated mice to secrete high-titer antibodies. Conclusions The recombinant SjGrpE protein has been successfully prepared and this recombinant protein has a high immunogenicity, which provides a basis for evaluating its value as a vaccine candidate for S. japonicum infections.

Impacts and strategies for the disease control and prevention system in the COVID-19 outbreak / 上海预防医学

The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China.Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority on China′s public policy agenda.This paper reveals the problems of the DCPS system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposes several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including:"Prevention first" should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in "Healthy China 2030" initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.

Discussion on advantages and disadvantages in prevention and control of emerging infectious disease in Wuhan / 上海预防医学

On the basis of systematic evaluation of 32 provincial capital cities and municipalities in their capacity for preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases, focus analysis is made on Wuhan in relation to its advantages and disadvantages as follows:There has been a legal basis for epidemic prevention according to law, but it has not translated into effective action.There has been an organizational basis for responding to epidemic, but coordination mechanism has not been effectively established.The management mechanism has been complete, but the division of responsibilities among different departments has not been clear.The monitoring network has been set up, but its role of "predictive warning" has not been played.Insufficiency of public health service delivery was observed owing to lack of financial investment.In cities of China, advantages and disadvantages have been both existent in their capacity to prevent and control of emerging infectious disease.We should be vigilant in this regard. It is imperative to "fill defects, stop leaks and strengthen weakness".There is a Chinese saying:"It is not too late to mend a fold after the sheep have been stolen".

Clinical Characteristics of 219 Patients with Primary Gastrointestinal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PGI-NHL) patients, and to explore the factors affecting the patients' survival and prognosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 219 patients with PGI-NHL diagnosed in our hospital from March 2009 to April 2016 was collected and retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used for comparison among the groups, and Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#Among the 219 patients with PGI-NHL, 126 patients were males and 93 patients were females. 182 patients were IPI 0 to 2 and 37 patients were IPI 3 to 5. There were 205 cases (93.6%) of B cell phenotype and 14 cases (6.4%) of T cell phenotype. 140 patients (63.9%) were patients with primary gastric NHL, including 85 DLBCL and 19 MALT. 79 cases (36.1%) were patients with primary intestinal NHL, including 46 DLBCL, 4 MALT, 7 FL, 3 MCL and 4 Burkitt lymphoma. 23 cases were HP positive and received anti-HP therapy. 57 cases and 32 cases received surgery and chemotherapy respectively. 84 cases received combination treatment of surgery and chemotherapy and 11 cases received combination treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS) of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was longer than that of invasive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which shows better prognose. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no difference between progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in the patients with different origin sites, age and sex. There was no significant difference in PFS between B-cell and T-cell-derived patients, whereas OS of B-cell-derived PGI-NHL patients was longer than that of T-cell-derived PGI-NHL patients. The OS and PFS of patients with IPI 0-2 were longer than those of patients with IPI 3-5. According to Lugano and Ann Arbor staging systems, there was no difference in prognosis of patients between phase I/II and III/IV. The prognosis of patients treated with surgery alone was worse than that of patients treated with combination therapy, and the prognosis of patients with surgery combined with chemotherapy was not significantly different from that of patients with chemotherapy alone.@*CONCLUSION@#B-cell phenotype, indolent and low IPI score lymphoma indicate better prognosis, while that of different origin site, sex and age shows no different in prognosis. Surgery is used only for emergency case or pathological materials, and these patients should be treated with chemotherapy-based combined treatment.

Herbal Medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by Multiple Mechanisms / 中国结合医学杂志

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common skin disorders in humans. Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of AD, preventive approaches are limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain naturally-occurring herbal medicines are effective in preventing the development of AD via divergent mechanisms, such as inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Yet, they exhibit few adverse effects. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could represent an ideal approach for preventing the development of AD, in both highly developed and developing countries.