Effects of dimethyltin chloride on renal H~+K~+-ATPase and Na~+K~+-ATPase activity in rats / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of dimethyltin chloride( DMT) on the activity of renal H~+K~+-ATPase( HKA)and Na~+K~+-ATPase( NKA) in SD rats. METHODS: i) In vitro experiment. Five specific pathogen free( SPF) healthy female SD rats were used. The kidney homogenates made with 0. 90% sodium chloride solution was added with DMT( mass concentration,1. 0 g/L) to make final concentrations of 0,1,25,125 and 625 mg/L respectively,then the HKA and NKA activities were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). ii) In vivo experiment. Forty SPF healthy SD rats were divided into control group and exposure group,with 20 rats( 10 males and 10 females) in each group. The exposure group was given one-time intraperitoneal injection with DMT( 16. 000 mg / kg body weight),while the control group was given one-time intraperitoneal injection with same volume of 0. 90% sodium chloride solution. The rats were executed 1 and 24 hours after exposure. The kidney tissue was extracted to make kidney homogenates for determination of HKA and NKA activity by microplate reader. The blood from abdominal aorta was collected to measure the levels of serum K~+,Na~+and Cl-. RESULTS: i) In vitro experiment. The HKA activity was inhibited by DMT,and the effect of inhibition increased with the increase of DMT exposure dose( P < 0. 01),showing a dose-effect relationship. The DMT had no effect on NKA activity( P > 0. 05). ii) In vivo experiment. The body weight of rats at 24 hours time point in exposed group was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 01). The HKA activity of the kidney tissue in rats in exposed group was lower than that of control group( P < 0. 01). The NKA activity in kidney tissue of rats and the level serum K~+,Na~+and Cl-did not show statistical difference in main and interactive effects concerning treatment and exposure time( P > 0. 05). CONCLUSION: DMT could inhibit the HKA activity in kidney homogenates,but had no obvious effect on NKA activity.

Effects of shangke jiegu tablet on the gene expressions of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the repairing process of mandibular defect rabbits / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of Shangke Jiegu Tablet (SJT)in repairing the mandibular defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 72 healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 24), the model group (n = 24), and the SJT group (n = 24). Then the mandibular defect model was established. Animals in the normal control group and the model group were fed with normal forage, while those in the SJT group were fed with SJT forage. On the day 7, 14, 28, and 56 after model establishment, 6 rabbits were killed in each group. The bone was collected from the mandibular defect. The gene expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) were detected by means of RT-PCR. The positive dyeing strength and area of the bone tissue were detected by means of immunohistochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the degree of OPGmRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated on day 7 after model establishment (P < 0.05) and the degree of OPGLmRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated on day 14 after model establishment (P < 0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the degree of OPGmRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the positive dyeing strength and area of bone tissue were stronger and broader on day 14, 28, and 56 after model establishment in the SJT group. The degree of OPGLmRNA expression was remarkably down-regulated (P < 0.05), and the positive dyeing strength and area of bone tissue were weaker and smaller on day 14 after model establishment in the SJT group. The ratio of OPGmRNA/OPGLmRNA was remarkably up-regulated on day 14, 28, and 56 after model establishment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect mechanism of promoting mandibular defect repairing by SJT may be correlated to regulating the expressions of OPGmRNA and OPGLmRNA.</p>

Effect of buflomedil hydrochlorde on regional cerebral blood flow in different subtypes of schizophrenia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect ofbuflomedil hydrochlorde on regional cerebral blood flow in different subtypes of schizophrenia.Methods Two hundred and eighty-six patient met the diagnostic criteria of CCMD-3 for schizophrenia,admitted to our hospital from February 2007 to February 2009,were chosen in our study; patients of type Ⅰ (n=86),type Ⅱ (n=63) and type Ⅲ (n=137)were randomly divided into treatment group of type Ⅰ (n=46),placebo treatment group of type Ⅰ (n=40),treatment group of type Ⅱ (n=34),placebo treatment group of type Ⅱ (n=29),treatment group of type Ⅲ(n=72) and placebo treatment group of type Ⅲ (n=65).Patients from the treatment groups were treated with antipsychotics with buflomedil hydrochloride and those from placebo treatment groups were given antipsychotics with saline for 4 weeks.On the 1st day and at the end of the 4th week of treatment,cerebral blood flows of bilateral anterior cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery,posterior cerebral artery,vertebral artery and basilar arterywere were measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD).Results No statistically significant difference of cerebral blood flow was noted between the two groups of type Ⅰ before/after treatment,neither between before and after treatment in one of the groups (P＞0.05).For type Ⅱ schizophrenia,no statistically significant difference of cerebral blood flow was noted between the two groups on the 1st day of treatment (P＞0.05); however,at the end of 4th week of treatment,cerebral blood flow in the bilateral anterior cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery,posterior cerebral artery blood of the treatment group were significant greater than that in the placebo treatment group (P＜0.05); the cerebral blood flow in the bilateral anterior cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery,posterior cerebral artery blood of the treatment group at the end of 4th week of treatment was significantly higher than that on the 1 st day of treatment (P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the placebo treatment group (P＞0.05).For type Ⅲ schizophrenia,at the end of 4th week of treatment,the cerebral blood flow in the treatment group in the left anterior cerebral artery,the left middle cerebral artery and right middle cerebral artery were significant greater than that in the placebo treatment group (P＜0.05); and that of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery in the treatment group at the end of 4th week of treatment was significantly greater than that on the 1st day of treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Different subtypes of schizophrenia enjoys different cerebral blood flows:most significant decline in cerebral blood flow and largest number of cerebral arteries of type Ⅱ schizophrenia are noted,followed by type Ⅲ schizophrenia;cerebral blood flow of schizophrenia maybe have an order to decline and the left middle cerebral artery maybe the first; the changes of cerebral blood flow between before and after treatment show that the decline of cerebral blood flow can be inverted with drugs.

Influence of course of disease on glycolipid metabolic parameters in drug-naive schizophrenia patients / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the course of disease and glycolipid metabolic parameters in drug-naive schizophrenia patients. Methods All 186 drug-naive schizophrenia patients,admired to our hospital from March 2010 to October 2011,were chosen in our study; relative glycolipid metabolic parameters at baseline were tested and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was performed on these patients; and the relationships between relative glycolipid metabolic indexes and both the course of disease and manipulated variable (age,gender,education level and severity of the disease) were assessed.Results Gender might play a significant role to some glycolipid metabolic parameters (waist-hip ratio [WHR]:β=0.364; high-density lipoprotein [HDL]:β=-0.248; triacyiglycerol [TG]:β=0.167 and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA):β=-0.198,P＜0.05); age might play an important role to some glycolipid metabolic parameters (body mass index [BMI]: β=0.213; WHR: β=0.286 and apolipoprotein B 100 [apoB100]:β=0.221,P＜0.05).Simultaneously,the severity of disease appeared to affect some glycolipid metabolic parameters (BMI:β-0.167; WHR:β=-0.150 and fasting blood-glucose [FBG]:β=0.172, P＜0.05). The course of disease hardly affected the majorities of relative glycolipid metabolic indices of drug-naive schizophrenia but LPa (β=0.173, P＜0.05). Conclusion The high metabolic abnormality incidence in schizophrenia patients maybe result from multi-factor interactions.

The role of PD-ECGF and VEGF in proliferative and involuted mechanism of the infantile capillary hemangiomas / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relation between the expressions of PD-ECGF and VEGF and the evolution of capillary hemangioma, so as to provide theoretical basis for treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourty cases with capillary hemangioma, proved by pathologic method, were randomly selected and divided into proliferative (n=22) and involuted groups (n=18), according to the Mulliken standard. 8 specimens from 8 children with prepuce operation were used as control group. All the specimens were fixed, embedded and underwent HE staining. The expression of PD-ECGF, VEGF and CD34 in endothelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The microvessel-density (MVD) was also calculated. The results were analyzed by SPSS12.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rates of PD-ECGF and VEGF were 95.45% (21/22) and 86.36% (19/22) in proliferative hemangioma, 77.78% (14/18) and 66.67% (12/ 18) in involuted hemangioma, 37.50% (3/8) and 37.50% (3/8) in normal skin. MVD in proliferative and involuted hemangioma and normal skin was 93.68 +/- 20.56, 51.94 +/- 20.73 and 17.50 +/- 5.30, respectively. There was a significant difference in PD-ECGF expression and MVD between the proliferative and involuted groups, or between the hemangioma and control groups (P < 0.05). The VEGF was significantly different between the proliferative and involuted groups, or between the proliferative and control groups (P < 0.05), but not between the involuted and control groups (P > 0.05). The expression of VEGF, PD-ECGD and MVD showed a positive relationship.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PD-ECGF and VEGF have a synergetic effect in the proliferation of micro-vessels. PD-ECGF may enhance the activity of thymidine phosphorylase. They play an important role in the proliferation and involution of hemangioma.</p>

Dexamethasone suppression test in inpatients with unipular depression or bipolar disorder:a comparison study / 中华神经医学杂志

ObJective To study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function with dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in inpatients with unipolar depression or bipolar disorder at different mood states. Methods DST was performed in 38 inpatients with unipolar depression and 63 with bipolar disorder ([19 with type Ⅰ, 44 with type Ⅱ], [33 with depressive episode, 18 with manic episode and 12 with combined episodes]). After 4 weeks' treatment, DST was performed again on 17 patients with unipolar depression and 35 with bipolar disorder to compare the negative suppression ratio. Results Before treatment, the negative suppression rate of DST was significantly different between unipolar depression (36.8%) and bipolar disorder (14.3%), type Ⅰ bipolar disorder (10.5%), type Ⅱ bipolar disorder (15.9%) or bipolar disorder with current depressive episode (15.2%) (P<0.05). However, no statistic differences were showed among type Ⅰ bipolar disorder and type Ⅱ bipolar disorder, depressive episode of bipolar disorder (15.2%), manic episode of bipolar disorder (16.7%) or combined episodes of bipolar disorder (11.1%) (P>0.05). After treatment, the same comparison was performed, but negative suppression rate of DST was not significantly different among all the groups (P>0.05). With the clinical improvement, negative suppression rate of DST decreased in patients with unipolar disorder;while no significant differences were found between pre-treatment and post-treatment in patients with both unipolar and bipolar disorders (P>0.05). Conclusion At the status of illness, the negative suppression rate of DST in the unipolar depression, being independent from the clinical subtypes, types of episode and severity of the illness in bipolar disorder, is much higher than that in the bipolar disorder.

Laparoscopic splenectomy: color Doppler flow imaging for preoperative evaluation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is currently the standard approach for resection of a normal-sized spleen. However, this method becomes technical challenge in cases of splenomegaly due to intraoperative hemorrhage. A complete understanding of the splenic vessel anatomy is important to facilitate the difficult laparoscopic procedure. In this retrospective study, we examined the role of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in splenic vessel anatomy and evaluated its value for LS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight patients who underwent splenectomy for various hematologic and autoimmune disorders from May 2004 to December 2007 were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three patients underwent preoperative CDFI examination that included examination of the anatomic type of splenic pedicle, the adjacent relationship between the splenic vessel and pancreas, and spleen size (CDFI group). In the remaining 25 patients, ultrasonic inspections of the splenic vessel were not performed (non-CDFI group). Laparoscopic splenectomies in the CDFI group were performed in accordance with the information provided by the preoperative CDFI in each patient. In the non-CDFI group, LS was performed according to the conventional method. In the CDFI group, the constituent ratios of the above-mentioned parameters by CDFI were compared with those recorded during LS using the chi square test. The effectiveness of the technique on surgery in both groups was compared with an independent sample Student's t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All laparoscopic splenectomies in both groups were performed successfully. However, 2 cases in the non-CDFI group were converted to LS with the assistance of micro-incision because the branches of the splenic vein were inadvertently torn. Two anatomic types of splenic pedicle and four different adjacent relationships between the splenic vessel and pancreas were detected by CDFI. About 80% of spleens fit the criteria of megalosplenia. There were no statistically significant differences between the constituent ratios of the parameters by CDFI and those by intraoperative telerecording in the CDFI group (chi(2) = 0.383, 1.072, 0.119, P = 0.536, 0.784, 0.730). However, statistically significant differences were observed in the operative time ((158.70 +/- 42.51) minutes vs (200.65 +/- 47.89) minutes, P = 0.003), intraoperative blood loss ((55.87 +/- 17.36) ml vs (101.83 +/- 62.21) ml, P = 0.001), and recovery time of gastrointestinal function ((24.39 +/- 8.88) hours vs (30.60 +/- 9.45) hours, P = 0.024) between the groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The individual operative route and schedule can be successfully determined on the basis of various kinds of reproducible anatomic frameworks of the spleen provided by preoperative CDFI. This technique facilitates the surgical procedure, shortens the operative time, reduces intraoperative blood loss and decreases the risk of LS in splenomegaly cases.</p>