Study on Quality Standard for Amaranthus retroflexus / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference f or the qualit y sta ndard establishment of Amaranthus retroflexus. METHODS ： Taking 7 batches of A. retroflexus medicinal materials as the research object ，the appearance properties of the medicinal materials were investigated ，and the microscopic characteristics of the medicinal powders were observed. TLC method was adopted to qualitatively identify rutin ，valine and leucine in A. retroflexus medicinal materials. According to the relevant methods of the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ），water content ，total ash content ，acid-insoluble ash content and water-soluble extract content were determined. HPLC method was used to determine the content of rutin in the medicinal material of A. retroflexus . The determination was performed on Agilent 5 TC-C18（2）column with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.3％ phosphoric acid solution（40∶60，V/V），at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 358 nm，and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The appearance and microstructure characteristics of the medicinal materials were consistent with the existing description. The identification results of TLC meth od showed that 7 batches of medicinal materials and each reference substance （rutin，valine，leucine）showed spots of the same color at the same position. The moisture content of 7 batches of A. retroflexus medicinal materials was 7.43％-8.72％，the total ash content was 11.82％-13.78％，the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.15％-0.55％，and the water-soluble extract content was 17.27％-24.74％. The linear range of rutin was 10-200 μg/mL（R 2＝1.000 0）. RSDs of precision test ，stability test （24 h）and repeatability test were all less than 2.0％ （n＝6）. The average recovery rates of rutin were 99.14％，97.98％ and 98.80％ in low ，medium and high concentration of samples，and RSDs were 0.97％，0.95％，0.96％（n＝3）. The contents of rutin in 7 batches of A. retrophylla were 0.314-1.102 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS：In this study ，character observation ，microscopic identification ，moisture content ，total ash content ，acid- insoluble ash content and water-soluble extract content of A. retroflexus are investigated ；TLC method was established for qualitative identification of leucine ，valine and rutin in A. retroflexus ，and the HPLC method was established for content determination of rutin. It provides reference for the quality standard establishment of A. retroflexus .

N deposition affects allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus with different distribution regions

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus (Ar) with different climatic zones on seed germination and growth of A. tricolor (At) treated with a gradient N addition. Ar leaf extracts only displayed significantly allelopathic potential on the underground growth of Ar but not the aboveground growth of At. The allelopathic potential of Ar leaf extracts on root length of At were enhanced under N addition and there may be a N-concentration-dependent relationship. The effects of the extracts of Ar leaves that collected from Zhenjiang on seed germination and growth of At may be higher than that collected from Jinan especially on root length of At under medium N addition. This reason may be the contained higher concentration of secondary metabolites for the leaves of plants that growths in high latitudes compare with that growth in low latitudes. This phenomenon may also partly be attributed to the fact that Ar originated in America and/or south-eastern Asia which have higher similarity climate conditions as Zhenjiang rather than Jinan. The allelopathic potential of Ar on seed germination and growth of acceptor species may play an important role in its successful invasion especially in the distribution region with low latitudes.

Biological screening of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) / Abordagem biológica de Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae)

Bioassays are required for the determination of the total toxicity of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) or "redroot pigweed". Therefore, the plant extract has been tested for bioactivity in Artemia salina and cytotoxicity against bovine kidney cells. The LD50 values for Artemia salina were measured at 1700 ppm. The bovine kidney cells were exposed to various concentrations of the plant extracts (100 ppm-0.1 ppm). After treating with 100 and 0.1 ppm for 24 h, the cells viability were reduced by about 49 percent and 35 percent respectively in MTT viability assay. The study confirmed that Amaranthus retroflexus has a cytotoxic effect and more specific to renal cells.

Ensaios biológicos foram realizados para determinação da toxidade de Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) conhecido popularmente como "redroot pigweed". Extratos desta espécie foram testados para avaliar sua bioatividade em Artemia salina e citoxidade em células bovinas de rim. Os valores de DL50 para Artemia salina foram medidos a 1700 ppm. As células de rim bovinas foram expostas a várias concentrações dos extratos de plantas (100-0,1 ppm). Após tratamento com 100 e 0,1 ppm por 24 h, a viabilidade celular foi reduzida a cerca de 49 por cento e 35 por cento, respectivamente, no ensaio de MTT. O estudo confirma que Amaranthus retroflexus apresenta um efeito citotóxico e, mais especificamente, para células renais.