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Resumen En 2017 se expidió en Colombia el decreto 1421, según el cual todas las escuelas del país debían acoger estudiantes con discapacidad y ofrecerles oportunidades de calidad para su ingreso, permanencia y egreso. El Ministerio de Educación dio un plazo de cinco años, contados a partir de su aprobación, para que esta política se implementara en todo el territorio nacional. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las prácticas pedagógicas, los conocimientos y las condiciones institucionales (de tipo pedagógico-administrativo), en las que labora una muestra de docentes colombianos, seis años después de expedido el decreto. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental transeccional y la aplicación de una escala a 249 maestros y maestras de distintos niveles educativos. Con base en los hallazgos obtenidos, puede concluirse que hay un cambio positivo en las prácticas pedagógicas y los conocimientos de aquellos docentes que cuentan con formación en inclusión y que laboran en colegios que acogen alumnado con estas trayectorias de vida. Aun así, las condiciones institucionales del profesorado encuestado todavía no responden a proyectos inclusivos. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los retos que enfrenta el sistema educativo colombiano en pro de atender alumnado con discapacidad.
Abstract In 2017, Decree 1421 was issued in Colombia, according to which all schools in the country were to welcome students with disabilities and offer them quality opportunities for their entry, permanence and graduation. The Ministry of Education (MEN, 2017a) gave a deadline of five years for this policy to be implemented in the national territory, counted from its approval. The objective of this research is to characterize the pedagogical practices, knowledge and institutional conditions (pedagogical and administrative type) in which a sample of Colombian teachers work, six years after the decree was issued. For this purpose, a transectional non-experimental quantitative design was used and a scale was applied to 249 teachers of early childhood education, elementary school, junior high school and vocational middle school. Based on the findings obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive change in the pedagogical practices and knowledge of those teachers who have training in inclusion and who work in private schools that receive students with these life trajectories. Even so, the institutional conditions of the teachers surveyed still do not respond to inclusive institutional projects. Since, at the time of writing this paper, we did not find other similar studies in the country, these results are discussed in the light of international research on the subject and in the framework of national policy, and allow extrapolating the challenges faced by the Colombian educational system in welcoming students with disabilities.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar una adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario de creencias de miedo y evitación (FABQ, por sus siglas en inglés) para sujetos argentinos con dolor lumbar (DL) y reportar las propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad, validez e interpretabilidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva residentes argentinos hispanohablantes mayores de 18 años con DL. El estudio comprendió una fase de adaptación, seguida de una fase de validación. Los sujetos fueron evaluados el día de su admisión al estudio (T1) y 48 a 72 horas después (T2). Se utilizó una escala global de cambio como anclaje externo para evaluar la estabilidad clínica. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 74 sujetos. La media de la puntuación total del FABQ fue de 50,24 (DE 20,64). La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) fue de 0,85 (IC 95 % 0,79 - 0,91). La confiabilidad test-retest fue aceptable, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,765 (IC 95 % 0,61 - 0,86). El error estándar de medición fue de 4,85 puntos, y el cambio mínimo detectable (95 %) fue de 13,45. La mediana de tiempo para que los sujetos completen el cuestionario fue de 3,86 minutos (RIQ 3,44 - 4,85), y la media de tiempo para puntuarlo fue de 24,40 segundos (DE 13,77). No se observó efecto suelo o techo. Conclusión: El FABQ en su versión argentina es un cuestionario válido, confiable y viable para evaluar las creencias de miedo y evitación en sujetos con DL.
ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Fear and Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) for Argentine subjects with low back pain (LBP) and to report the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and interpretability. Materials and method: An observational, prospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Spanish-speaking Argentine residents aged 18 years or older with LBP were consecutively included. The study comprised an adaptation phase followed by a validation phase. Subjects were evaluated on the day of study admission (T1) and 48 to 72 hours later (T2). A global change scale was used as an external anchor to assess clinical stability. Results: Seventy-four subjects were eligible. The mean FABQ total score was 50.24 (SD 20.64). The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.85 (95 % CI 0.79 - 0.91). Test-retest reliability was acceptable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.765 (95 % CI 0.61 - 0.86). The standard error of measurement was 4.85 points, and the minimum detectable change (95 %) was 13.45. The median time for subjects to complete the questionnaire was 3.86 minutes (IQR 3.44 - 4.85), and the mean time to score it was 24.40 seconds (SD 13.77). No floor or ceiling effect was found. Conclusion: The Argentine version of the FABQ is a valid, reliable, and feasible questionnaire for assessing fear and avoidance beliefs in subjects with LBP.
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Red doctor’s spirit is an important part of China’s advanced revolutionary culture and a valuable resource for medical students’ ideological and political education. Under the background of the new era, integrating the red doctor’s spirit into the ideological and political course of medical students is not only conducive to encouraging medical students to bravely shoulder the responsibility of the times and actively participate in the cause of human health, but also helps medical students to inherit the red culture and strengthen cultural confidence, which is also of great significance to improving the vitality and effectiveness of ideological and political courses.Teachers of Ideological and political courses should deeply explore the new era connotation of the red doctor’s spirit and constantly improve the guiding force of ideological and political courses; using Virtual Reality technology to realize the visual expression of red medicine spirit and enhance the appeal of ideological and political course; skillfully use four kinds of classes to strengthen the recognition of ideological and political course.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to present the creation and content validity stages of a questionnaire to assess the determinants of adherence to the safe drug administration five "rights" "x", based on the Theory of Planned Behavior integrative model. Method: a methodological study to create and validate a self-reported measuring instrument for psychosocial variables. It took place in two public university teaching hospitals: one located in the South and the other in the Southeast of Brazil. Results: the results were organized according to each stage of the 5R-MEDSAFE content validation process. Conclusion: the results obtained in this creation and content validation study of the 5R-MEDSAFE indicated that the tool presented diverse content validity evidence. Its application can be useful in different contexts as a way of assessing adherence to these behaviors among Nursing workers. This will make it possible to identify which elements of the behaviors are amenable to intervention, as well as to implement the most appropriate intervention, according to the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs.
RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar las etapas de creación y validez de contenido correspondientes a un cuestionario para evaluar los determinantes del nivel de adhesión a los "Cinco correctos" de la administración segura de medicamentos - "5R-MEDSAFE", sobre la base del modelo integrador de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. Método: estudio metodológico para crear y validar un instrumento de medición autoinformado de variables psicosociales. Se desarrolló en dos hospitales-escuela universitarios y públicos: uno situado en la región Sur y el otro en la región Sudeste de Brasil. Resultados: los resultados se organizaron conforme a cada etapa de la validación de contenido de 5R-MEDSAFE. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio de creación y validación del contenido del instrumento 5R-MEDSAFE indicaron que la herramienta presentó diversa evidencia de validez de contenido. Su aplicación puede resultar útil en diferentes contextos como una forma de evaluar el nivel de adhesión a estas conductas entre trabajadores de Enfermería. Eso permitirá identificar los elementos de los comportamiento que son pasibles de intervención, al igual que implementar la intervención más adecuada, conforme a los constructos de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado.
RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar as etapas de construção e validade de conteúdo de um questionário para avaliação dos determinantes da adesão aos cinco certos da administração segura de medicamentos - 5R-MEDSAFE, baseado no modelo integrador da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Método: estudo metodológico de construção e validação de instrumento de medida autorrelatada de variáveis psicossociais. Desenvolveu-se em dois hospitais-escola universitários, públicos, um localizado na região Sul e outro na região Sudeste do Brasil. Resultados: os resultados foram organizados conforme cada etapa da validação de conteúdo do 5R-MEDSAFE. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos neste estudo de construção e validação de conteúdo do instrumento 5R-MEDSAFE indicaram que o instrumento apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo. Sua aplicação pode ser útil em contextos distintos como forma de avaliar a adesão a esse comportamento entre trabalhadores de enfermagem. Isso permitirá identificar qual elemento do comportamento é passível de intervenção, bem como implementar a intervenção mais adequada, conforme os construtos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado.
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Resumo A Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) foi desenvolvida para acessar crenças sobre romantismo, que podem impactar na formação e qualidade de relacionamentos românticos. Tais crenças podem ser acessadas por meio de quatro fatores que representam o amor romântico ideal, sendo elas: Um e único, Idealização, Amor à primeira vista e Amor encontra uma maneira. Este estudo buscou evidências de validade para a RBS em um contexto brasileiro baseadas na estrutura interna e relações com as variáveis satisfação com o relacionamento e personalidade (Cinco Grandes Fatores e Investimento Emocional). Responderam a um questionário on-line 818 brasileiros com média de idade de 30,7 anos (DP= 14,1), sendo 73,2% mulheres. A escala apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna do instrumento e na relação com outras variáveis, e melhor ajuste a um modelo de fator de segunda ordem explicando os quatro fatores da escala original. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre os fatores da RBS-Brasil e os fatores de personalidade Extroversão, Socialização e Realização, a Satisfação com o relacionamento e o Investimento emocional.
Abstract The Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) was developed to assess beliefs about romanticism, that can impact the formation and quality of romantic relationships. These beliefs can be assessed using four factors that represent the ideal romantic love, which are: One and only, Idealization, Love at first sight, and Love finds a way. This study sought evidence of validity for the RBS in a Brazilian context based on internal structure and relationships with the variables relationship satisfaction and personality (Big Five Factors and Emotional Investment). A total of 818 Brazilians with an average age of 30.7 years (SD= 14.1) responded to an online questionnaire, of which 73.2% were women. The scale showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relation with other variables, and best fit to a second-order factor model explaining the four factors of the original scale. Positive correlations were found between the factors of RBS and personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness and Consciousness, Relationship satisfaction and Emotional investment.
Resumen La Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) fue desarrolló para evaluar las creencias sobre el romanticismo, las cuales pueden afectar la formación y calidad de las relaciones románticas. Estas creencias pueden ser accedidas a través de cuatro factores que representan el amor romántico ideal, los cuales son: Único, Idealización, Amor a primera vista y Amor encuentra un camino. Este estudio buscó evidencias de validez para el RBS en un contexto brasileño basadas en la estructura interna y relaciones con variables como la satisfacción con la relación y la personalidad (Cinco Grandes Factores e Inversión Emocional). Respondieron a un cuestionario 818 brasileños con una media de edad de 30.7 años (DE= 14.1), de los cuales el 73.2% eran mujeres. La escala mostró evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna del instrumento y en la relación con otras variables, y un mejor ajuste a un modelo factorial de segundo orden que explica los cuatro factores de la escala original. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre los factores de RBS-Brasil y los factores de personalidad Extraversión, Amabilidad y Realización, así como con la Satisfacción con la relación e Investidura emocional.
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RESÚMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que para entenderla desde un contexto social hay que reconocer las realidades construidas por la comunidad frente a ella, integrando sus saberes, creencias y prácticas con las condiciones sociodemográficas y económicas para comprender su aparición y desarrollo. Objetivo: Comprender los saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos en pacientes con TB del municipio de Pereira (Colombia), 2021, para reeducarlos acerca de su cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo en usuarios que asisten al Programa de Control de tuberculosis; del cual se seleccionaron 14 pacientes que cumplían con criterios de inclusión. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a todos los participantes hasta obtener saturación de la información, mediante cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos relacionadas con Tuberculosis, para comprenderla a partir de la construcción social que expresan los pacientes y generar un abordaje holístico que permita reeducarlos en su cuidado. Resultados: El 57,1 % era de género femenino, edad promedio; 38 años, de etnia mestiza,; el 50 % vive en unión libre; el 71,4 % vive con la familia; el 28,6 % tiene educación primaria y secundaria; el 71,4 % trabaja; el 100 % vive en zona urbana. Los resultados cualitativos arrojan cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos sobre TB. Conclusión: Existen saberes limitantes respecto al origen y transmisión de la enfermedad con creencias asociadas a la pobreza y estigmatización que afecta de forma negativa la condición económica y emocional de los pacientes y su red de apoyo frente al cuidado de la enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, which in order to understand it from a social context, it is necessary to recognize the realities built by the community in front of it, integrating its knowledge, beliefs and practices with the sociodemographic and economic conditions to understand its appearance and development. Objective: Understand the knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions and educational aspects of TB patients in the municipality of Pereira (Colombia), 2021, in order to re-educate them about their care. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive study in users who attend the Tuberculosis Control Program; of which 14 patients who meet the inclusion criteria are selected. A semi-structured interview is carried out with all the participants until information saturation is obtained, through five categories: knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions and educational aspects related to Tuberculosis, to understand it from the social construction expressed by patients and generate a holistic approach that allows them to re-educate them in their care. Results: 57.1 % are female, average age: 38 years, of mixed ethnicity; 50 % live in free union; 71.4 % live with the family; 28.6 % have primary and secondary education; 71.4 % work; 100 % live in an urban area. The qualitative results yield five categories: knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions, and educational aspects of TB. Conclusion: There is limiting knowledge regarding the origin and transmission of the disease with beliefs associated with poverty and stigmatization that negatively affects the economic and emotional condition of patients and their support network in the care of the disease.
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Resumen: El presente texto tiene como objetivo comprender creencias sociales sobre la paz y la negociación política en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano en 304 ciuda danos de 12 municipios del país, para determinar de qué manera algunas de ellas se constituyen en barreras psicosociales para la construcción de la paz y la recon ciliación en Colombia. Pudo concluirse que los participantes tienen un núcleo de creencias sociales en torno a la paz, referida como tranquilidad, armonía, orden, seguridad, ausencia de conflicto y serenidad interior, que enlaza con conceptos propios de la 'paz liberal' en tanto el Estado es quien mantendría este orden y seguridad; niegan a su vez, la posibilidad de disenso, contradicción, oposición, protesta y rebeldía, aun cuando este orden establecido produzca situaciones de injusticia y exclusión, puesto que primaría el mantenimiento de esta 'paz'. En este contexto quienes se oponen al Estado o al poder establecido serán considera dos enemigos y se legitima su señalamiento, estigmatización, exclusión y elimina ción; además, se cierran puertas para la negociación política con actores armados que enarbolen una contradicción a estos sistemas sociales, puesto que, son consi derados 'delincuentes' y portadores de maldad, al alterar la tranquilidad, la se guridad y la armonía, configurándose así unas barreras psicosociales para la paz.
Abstract: The objective of this text is to understand social beliefs about peace and politi cal negotiation in the context of the Colombian armed conflict in 304 citizens of 12 municipalities in the country, in order to determine how some of them cons titute psychosocial barriers to peace building and reconciliation in Colombia. It was possible to conclude that the participants have a core of social beliefs about peace, referred to as tranquility, harmony, order, security, absence of conflict, and inner serenity, which is linked to concepts of 'liberal peace' insofar as the State is the one who would maintain this order and security. They deny, in turn, the possibility of dissent, contradiction, opposition, protest, and rebellion, even when this established order produces situations of injustice and exclusion, since the maintenan ce of this 'peace' would take precedence. In this context, those who oppose the State or the es tablished power are considered enemies, and they are legitimized to be singled out, stigmatized, excluded, and eliminated. Furthermore, the doors are closed to political negotiation with armed stakeholders who contradict these social systems, since they are considered 'criminals' and bea rers of evil, by altering tranquility, security, and harmony; thus creating psychosocial barriers to peace.
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Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of mood disorder, is defined by seasonal depressive symptoms that appear at a particular time of a year. Its burden in Saudi Arabia is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with seasonal depression among attendees of primary health care centres (PHC) in Eastern Riyadh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the PHC of Eastern Riyadh. We systematically sampled participants attending the PHCs the required sample size was achieved. We measured seasonal depression and beliefs using the validated seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ) and seasonal beliefs questionnaire. We presented the mean and standard deviation (SD) of scores obtained and used Student’s t test ANOVA test to compare differences across explanatory variables. We demonstrated internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Among 232 participants, majority were aged 18-35 years (67.2%) and males (60.8%). The mean (SD) score on SPAQ was 1.00 (0.71) and that on the seasonal beliefs was 3.03 (0.69). With a cut-off of 11 on SPAQ, prevalence of SAD was found to be 33.5%. SPAQ score was significantly higher among younger ages, females, single/divorced, Saudis, those with secondary/lower level education and those who earn<50,000 Saudi Riyals (p<0.001). Seasonal beliefs score was significantly higher among younger ages (p=0.013) and Saudis (p=0.001). Both the scales used had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.901 for SPAQ and 0.847 for seasonal beliefs questionnaire). Conclusions: SAD was a prevalent mental health issue among primary care attendees in Eastern Riyadh. Screening for such conditions at the primary level among high-risk groups should be considered by family physicians.
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Creative Self-Efficacy (CSE) and Creative Personal Identity (CPI) are creative self-beliefs which act as creative achievement predictors in different contexts, including school. Brazilian theoretical studies suggest that characteristics of military school can inhibit creative expression. The question is raised whether the school environment can influence CSE and CPI. Therefore, the goal was to compare male and female students from military and civilian schools, in terms of CSE and IPC, in addition to verifying the interaction between the variables. Participants were 230 secondary school students, with a mean age of 16.07 years (SD = .92). The Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. No significant differences or interactions were observed, except for the higher IPC in women when compared to men. Thus, it is possible that the typical restrictions of the military model of education do not necessarily imply barriers to creativity.(AU)
Autoeficácia Criativa (AEC) e Identidade Pessoal Criativa (IPC) são crenças do self criativo que atuam como preditoras da realização criativa em diversos contextos, inclusive escolar. Estudos teóricos brasileiros sugerem que as características da escola militar podem inibir a expressão criativa. Questiona-se como AEC e IPC podem ser influenciadas pelo ambiente escolar. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar estudantes de escolas militares e civis, do sexo masculino e feminino, quanto à AEC e IPC, além de verificar possível interação entre as variáveis. Participaram 230 estudantes do ensino médio, com idade média de 16,07 anos (DP = 0,92). Utilizou-se a Escala Breve do Self Criativo (EBSC) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Não foram observadas diferenças ou interações significativas entre os grupos, exceto pela IPC superior nas mulheres, quando comparadas aos homens. Nesse sentido, é possível que as restrições típicas do modelo militar de educação não impliquem necessariamente barreiras à criatividade.(AU)
La Autoeficacia Creativa (AEC) y la Identidad Personal Creativa (IPC) son creencias del self creativo que actúan como predictores del logro creativo en diferentes contextos, incluyendo el escolar. Estudios teóricos brasileños sugieren que las características de las escuelas militares pueden inhibir la expresión creativa. Se cuestiona si el entorno escolar puede influir en la AEC y la IPC. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar alumnos y alumnas de escuelas militares y civiles, en términos de AEC y IPC, además de verificar la interacción entre las variables. Participaron 230 estudiantes de secundaria de escuelas públicas, con una edad promedia de 16,07 años (DS = 0,92). Se utilizó la escala Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. No se observaron diferencias o interacciones significativas entre los grupos, excepto por una IPC superior en mujeres en comparación con los hombres. Es posible que las restricciones típicas del modelo educativo militar no necesariamente impliquen barreras para la creatividad.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/psicología , Creatividad , Personal Militar/educación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Análisis de Varianza , Autoeficacia , Educación Primaria y Secundaria , Factores SociodemográficosRESUMEN
Background: Despite acne being a common dermatological problem, there is a paucity of literature addressing the knowledge, attitude and practice about it. Aims/Objectives: To find out what patients know about acne, its cause and treatment, as well as myths, misconceptions and attitude towards it. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive questionnaire-based study on acne patients at Maharana Bhupal Hospital, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Results: Most (84.8%) patients belonged to the age group of 16–25 years. The majority (63.9%) presented 12 months after the onset of acne. More than half had average knowledge, a positive attitude and good practices, related significantly to gender and education. Limitations: A standardized questionnaire suitable for all dialects and regional languages would have yielded more uniform results. Conclusion: Study revealed that acne patients still need to acquire accurate, adequate and easily accessible information to seek timely and appropriate treatment, and alleviate their psychological suffering.
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Resumen Pese a los esfuerzos de las autoridades sanitarias, la presencia de información falsa o poco certera ha provocado que un porcentaje de la población mexicana se encuentra reticente a recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19. De este modo el objetivo del presente estudio es determinar en adultos mexicanos el rol mediador de las creencias negativas sobre la vacuna y la percepción de riesgo en la relación de las creencias conspirativas y la intención de vacunación contra el COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se aplicaron las escalas mediante una plataforma en línea. Las hipótesis fueron probadas mediante la técnica multivariada de análisis de senderos. Los resultados indican que las creencias conspirativas predijeron directamente menor intención de vacunación, asimismo, esta relación se encuentra parcialmente mediada por las creencias negativas sobre la vacuna y la percepción de riesgo. Los hallazgos sugieren que la adhesión a creencias conspirativas sobre el origen del CO-VID-19 favorecen el desarrollo de temor a los efectos secundarios de la vacuna y la reducción de la percepción de riesgo, convirtiéndose así, en la principal barrera de la intención de vacunación contra el COVID-19.
Abstract Despite the efforts of the health authorities, the presence of false or inaccurate information has caused a percentage of the Mexican population to be reluctant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, the objective of the present study is to determine in Mexican adults the mediating role of negative beliefs about the vaccine and the perception of risk in the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the scales were applied through an online platform. The hypotheses were tested using the multivariate trail analysis technique. The results indicate that conspiratorial beliefs directly predicted less vaccination intention, likewise, this relationship is partially mediated by negative beliefs about the vaccine and the perception of risk. The findings suggest that adherence to conspiracy beliefs about the origin of COVID-19 favor the development of fear of vaccine side effects and reduced risk perception, thus becoming the main barrier to vaccination intention against the COVID-19.
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Resumen. Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características teóricas e metodológicas, assim como os resultados de estudos empíricos, que abordaram a socialização parental da emoção em diversos grupos culturais não ocidentais. Método. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com um enfoque qualitativo. Resultados. Os resultados mostraram que as principais abordagens teóricas foram os enfoques ecológicos e o modelo heurístico da socialização das emoções. Quanto à metodologia, prevaleceram os estudos quantitativos com maior presença de mães. Os principais resultados salientam que existem variações na socialização da emoção em diversos aspectos, como no funcionamento das crianças, expressão emocional, reação às emoções das crianças, etnoteorias parentais, narrativa emocional e outros. São discutidas as implicações dessas descobertas para futuras pesquisas.
Abstract. Objective. This study aimed to identify the theoretical and methodological characteristics, as well as the results of empirical studies that addressed the parental socialization of emotions in different non-western cultural groups. Method. This required an integrative literature review with a qualitative focus. Results. The results showed that the main theoretical approaches were the ecological approaches and the heuristic model of the socialization of emotions. Regarding employed methodologies, quantitative studies with a greater presence of mothers prevailed. The main results point out that there are variations in the socializing emotions in several aspects such as the functioning of children, emotional expression, reaction to children's emotions, parental ethnotheories, emotional talk and others. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for future research.
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Humanos , Socialización , Emoción Expresada , CulturaRESUMEN
Background: Obesity is of huge concern worldwide. Bariatric surgery is effective in managing morbid obesity and its associated complications. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the pre-operative as well as postoperative phases of bariatric surgery. Lack of physical activity in patients who are obese, patients who are posted for bariatric surgery and those who have undergone bariatric surgery can be accounted to a lot of factors. Identifying their perceived level of physical activity along with the facilitators, barriers and beliefs will help in addressing these issues and thereby increasing adherence to physical activity.Objective: To evaluateperceived level, along with barriers, enablers and beliefs of physical activity in patients posted for bariatric surgery. We also evaluated their awareness about the role of physiotherapy in pre and post-operative phases of bariatric surgery.Method:A questionnaire was designed to gain an insight aboutfactors contributing as barriers and enablers, under the domains of physical, psychological, interpersonal and environmental. It also included perceived level and the existing level of physical activity in the study participants.Questions were also designed to understand their awareness about the role of physiotherapy in the pre and post bariatric surgery phase. It was administered to patients posted for bariatric surgery on an interview basis. Sample size was calculated to be 96. The data was then analysed and represented as descriptive statistics.Results: All study participants failed to meet the recommended level of physical activity. The predominant barriers perceived by the study participants belonged to physical, psychological and interpersonal domains; whereas environmental barriers were found to be of least significance. 72.92% of the study participants lacked the knowledge about the role of physiotherapy in the pre-operative phase of bariatric surgery.Conclusions:Interpersonal, physical and psychological being the predominant barriers faced by the study participants highlight the scope of physiotherapeutic intervention. Also these factors can be modified at an individual level, thereby improving the adherence. There is lack of awareness about the role of physiotherapy in the pre-operative phase of bariatric surgery. Thus there is need to increase awareness about the role of physiotherapy in managing obesity and related complications in pre and post-op phases of bariatric surgery.
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Abstract Introduction In rational emotive behavioral therapy, irrational beliefs are significant in mental health since their presence leads to conditions such as depression and suicidal ideation. Since these conditions have been increasing worldwide, it is essential to explore the factors that contribute to their understanding. Objective To design explanatory models for depression and suicidal ideation based on irrational beliefs in psychology students. Method Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study with multivariate analysis. Results Two explanatory models were designed: one for depression and the other for suicidal ideation. Thirty-nine per cent of depressive symptomatology can be explained by the presence of irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, concern over the future, and the determinism of the past. At the same time, 54% of suicidal ideation can be explained by the presence of beliefs centering on perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, external locus of control, and the determinism of the past. Discussion and conclusion Depression and suicidal ideation in psychology students can partly be explained by irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, external locus of control, concern over the future, avoidance of responsibilities, and the determinism of the past. Clinical care approaches can modify these beliefs to reduce symptoms and promote mental health.
Resumen Introducción Para la terapia racional emotiva conductual las creencias irracionales tienen un gran peso en la salud mental, ya que la presencia de estas genera padecimientos como depresión e ideación suicida. Se sabe que en el mundo estos padecimientos han ido en aumento, por ello, es importante explorar factores que faciliten su explicación. Objetivo Generar modelos explicativos para la depresión y la ideación suicida desde las creencias irracionales en estudiantes de psicología. Método Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal con análisis multivariado. Resultados Se realizaron modelos explicativos; uno para la depresión y otro para ideación suicida. La sintomatología depresiva se explica en 39% con la presencia de creencias irracionales de perfeccionismo, evitación de responsabilidades, preocupación por el futuro y determinismo del pasado. Por otro lado, la ideación suicida se explica en 54% con la presencia de las creencias de perfeccionismo, evitación de responsabilidades, locus de control externo y determinismo del pasado. Discusión y conclusión La depresión e ideación suicida en estudiantes de psicología se puede explicar en parte por creencias irracionales de perfeccionismo, locus de control externo, preocupación por el futuro, evitación de responsabilidades y determinismo del pasado. A través de enfoques de atención clínica es factible modificar dichas creencias con el objetivo de disminuir sintomatología y promover la salud mental.
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O uso de drogas é um dos fatores associados a gestações de alto risco. As crenças e atitudes dos profissionais configuram possíveis dificultadores dos cuidados em saúde. O presente estudo buscou verificar as atitudes profissionais em relação a gestantes usuárias de drogas. Realizou-se a busca bibliográfica de publicações entre 2000 e junho de 2022, nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus e PsycINFO. Ao final foram analisados 27 artigos, todos de língua inglesa. Foram identificadas atitudes negativas em 33,3% dos artigos, e atitudes positivas em 44,5%; também foram encontradas atitudes ambivalentes (22,2%). Além disso, alguns dos estudos apontaram algumas barreiras quanto às intervenções. Atitudes negativas e moralizantes denotam um cunho individualizante. Em relação às atitudes positivas, essas podem ter um papel fundamental na atuação profissional e na saúde materna e do feto.
Drug use is one of the factors related to high-risk pregnancy. The health professional beliefs and attitudes regarding this issue constitute possible difficulties in the health care. The present study sought to verify the health professional attitudes towards pregnant women who use drugs. A literature review for studies published between 2000 and june 2022 was carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. In the end, 27 articles were analyzed, all of them written in English. Negative attitudes were identified in 33,3% of the articles, and positive attitudes in 44,5%; ambivalent attitudes were also found in 22,2% of the studies. Additionally, some studies pointed out barriers to interventions. The negative and moralizing attitudes denote an individualizing nature. Concerning the positive attitudes, they can play a fundamental role on professional performance and, consequently, on the maternal and fetal health.
El uso de drogas es uno de los factores asociados a los embarazos de alto riesgo. Las creencias y actitudes de los profesionales se configuran como posibles obstáculos al cuidado en salud. El presente estudio buscó verificar las actitudes de los profesionales en relación a embarazadas usuarias de drogas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de publicaciones entre 2000 y junio de 2022, en las bases de datos Scielo, Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus y PsycINFO. Finalmente, fueron analizados 27 artículos, todos en idioma inglés. Se identificaron actitudes negativas en el 33,3% de los artículos, y actitudes positivas en el 44,5%; así también se encontraron actitudes ambivalentes (22,2%). Además, algunos de los estudios señalaron algunas barreras con respecto a las intervenciones. Las actitudes negativas y moralizantes denotan una impronta individualizadora. En relación con las actitudes positivas, estas pueden tener un papel fundamental en la actuación profesional y en la salud materna y del feto.
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Humanos , Femenino , Conducta , Personal de Salud , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Mujeres Embarazadas , Atención Primaria de Salud , Embarazo , Recolección de Datos , Revisión , CulturaRESUMEN
Introducción: el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana es una enfermedad cuya influencia ha marcado el desarrollo poblacional, cultural, económico, social y escolar del mundo. En la actualidad existen grandes campañas para su prevención; sin embargo, el ritmo de contagios en Colombia toma una tendencia ascendente en universitarios de entre 15 y 34 años. Objetivo: analizar los conocimientos, actitudes (positivas y negativas) y creencias erróneas de estudiantes universitarios en la ciudad de Bucaramanga sobre la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo observacional-transversal, con una población de referencia de 1 243 estudiantes universitarios, matrícula activa en edad entre 15 y 34 años. Se tomó una muestra de 180 estudiantes, aplicando un muestreo probabilístico. La recolección de datos se realizó, previo consentimiento informado, mediante el uso de la Escala VIH/SIDA-65 modificada para Colombia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: un total de 180 estudiantes universitarios, con una edad promedio de 25,61 años, respondió a la encuesta. El 71,1 % de los encuestados eran solteros y las mujeres conformaban el 55,5 %. El 83,8 % poseía buenos conocimientos sobre el VIH; el 11,94 % tenía ideas erróneas sobre la enfermedad; el 22,96 % mostró actitudes negativas; el 30,53 % no se consideró susceptible a contraer la enfermedad, y el 6,6 % mostró bajos niveles de eficacia en prevención. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana permite el mejoramiento de las actitudes, percepciones y creencias frente a la enfermedad, y a la positividad para el virus.
Introduction: the human immunodeficiency virus is a disease whose influence has marked the population, cultural, economic, social and school development of the world. At present there are now major campaigns for its prevention; however, the rate of contagion in Colombia takes an upward trend in university students between the ages of 15 and 34. Objective: to analyze the knowledge, attitudes (positive and negative) and erroneous beliefs of university students in the city of Bucaramanga on human immunodeficiency virus infection. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study, with a reference population of 1,243 university students, active enrolled, between the ages of 15 and 34. A sample of 180 students was taken, applying a probabilistic sampling. Data collection was carried out, with prior informed consent, using the HIV/AIDS-65 Scale modified for Colombia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: a total of 180 university students, with an average age of 25.61 years, responded to the survey. 71.1% of the respondents were single and women made up 55.5%. 83.8% had good knowledge about HIV; 11.94% had misconceptions about the disease; 22.96% showed negative attitudes; 30.53% did not consider themselves susceptible to contracting the disease, and 6.6% showed low levels of efficacy in prevention. Conclusions: knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus infection allows the improvement of attitudes, perceptions and beliefs regarding the disease, and positivity to the virus.
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Introducción: en la edad adulta se generan múltiples cambios relacionados con las creencias y actitudes, los cuales generalmente repercuten en la forma de ver o ejercer la sexualidad de los adultos e inclusive en su manera de hablar de ello. Objetivo: determinar la actitud hacia la sexualidad en adultos mayores desde la percepción de adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, en el que se empleó una muestra de 200 adultos mayores y 100 adultos jóvenes. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez (CASV), diseñado por Orozco y Rodríguez. El análisis estadístico se hizo mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Resultados: el 58.5% de los adultos mayores tiene una actitud positiva hacia la sexualidad. De acuerdo con las pruebas estadísticas, se identificó que a menor edad mayor manifestación de actitudes positivas. En relación con los adultos jóvenes, 83% refirió una actitud indiferente ante la sexualidad en la vejez, a menor edad son más indiferentes (p > 0.05) en su actitud hacia la sexualidad de los adultos mayores. Conclusiones: las actitudes con mayor afluencia fueron positivas hacia la sexualidad de los adultos mayores. Se recomienda profundizar sobre este fenómeno en este grupo poblacional.
Introduction: The physiological changes that develop in older adults generate negative beliefs or attitudes towards their sexuality, which causes them to be repressed from exercising their sexuality or talking about it. Objective: To determine the attitude towards sexuality in older adults from the perception of young adults and older adults. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive study, with a sample of 200 older adults and 100 young adults. It was used the Questionnaire of attitudes towards sexuality in old age (CASV according to its initials in Spanish), designed by Orozco and Rodriguez. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results: 58.5% of the older adults had a positive attitude toward sexuality. According to statistical tests, it was identified that the younger the age, the greater the manifestation of positive attitudes. In relation to young adults, 83% reported an indifferent attitude towards sexuality in old age; the younger the age, the more indifferent (p > 0.05) their attitude towards sexuality in older adults. Conclusions: Mot of the attitudes were positive towards the sexuality of older adults. It is recommended to deepen on this phenomenon in this population group.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Sexualidad/psicología , Cultura , Características Culturales , Desarrollo Humano , MéxicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE@#The disparity between conducting research and putting it into practice has remains a global healthcare issue, with less than 50% of nurses utilizing research. This study aims to determine the level and relationship between Evidence-based practice (EBP) competency, current EBP beliefs and research utilization among nurses.@*DESIGN AND METHOD@#This quantitative study utilized a descriptive-correlational design and mediation analysis. A purposive sampling was used to select six Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) hospitals. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 544 nurses from the six CHAG hospitals. The study utilized mean and standard deviation, Pearson Correlation, ANOVA, and GLS mediation analysis. The researcher obtained ethical approval from the Saint Louis University Research Ethics committee and, the institutional review board of the CHAG.@*FINDINGS@#The results showed that nurses had a low level of EBP competency (M=2.27, SD= 0.255), strong positive EBP beliefs (M=2.58, SD=0.322) and low research utilization (M=2.57, SD=0.300). There was a moderately significant positive relationship between EBP competency and research utilization (r= .431, p= .000), EBP competency and EBP beliefs (r= .327, p= .000) and EBP beliefs and research utilization (r= .306, p= .000). There is no significant difference in terms of EBP competency and research utilization when EBP training attendance was considered. Nurses with 1-2 years of experience had a higher level of EBP competency. Theatre nurses had a higher level of EBP competency, however, emergency nurses had a lower level of research utilization than nurses in the surgical unit. EBP beliefs mediated the relationship (B= 0.0604, z= 3.99, p < .001) between EBP competency and research utilization.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Nurses in CHAG hospitals have a limited ability to implement the EBP process. The respondent perceived the value of EBP in nursing practice to be significant and has the confidence to implement the EBP process. The nurses' respondents use of research in nursing practice is limited due to the organizational barriers in CHAG institutions in Ghana. Based on the findings, it is recommended for nurse administrators and policy makers to prioritize the provision of adequate resources, support, EBP policies and targeted training programs to facilitate a culture of evidence-based practice and research utilization in CHAG institutions. By improving EBP competency and promoting research utilization, nurses can enhance the quality and safety of patient care.
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Práctica Clínica Basada en la EvidenciaRESUMEN
Objective:To explore the relationship among internet / reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression in medical college students.Methods:In October 2021, a total of 501 students from five medical colleges in Shandong were selected by the convenient sampling method.All the participants were assessed by the internet alienation scale, general alienation scale, irrational beliefs scale and self rating depression scale.SPSS 24.0 software was used for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and AMOS 21.0 software was used to conduct structural equation modeling and Bootstrap mediated effect test.Results:The scores of internet/reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression were 3.12±1.35, 2.04±0.57, 2.72±0.72, 2.07±0.42, respectively.There was a statistically significant positive correlation among internet/reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression( r=0.56-0.64, P<0.01). Structural equation modeling showed that the mediating effect of irrational beliefs between internet alienation and depression was 0.05(95% CI=0.01-0.11). The mediating effect of irrational beliefs between reality alienation and depression was 0.16(95% CI=0.06-0.30). Conclusion:Internet/ reality alienation can indirectly effect depression of medical college students through the mediation of irrational beliefs.
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@#Introduction: Orang Asli refers to the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, representing 0.6% of the Malaysian population. Vast inequality was observed regarding oral health beliefs, behaviour, and utilisation of oral health services between the Orang Asli and non-Orang Asli. The aim of the study was to explore the oral health beliefs, perceptions, and oral health service utilization behaviour among Orang Asli in the district of Bera, Pahang, Malaysia. Methods: Orang Asli’s oral health beliefs and perceptions of oral healthcare service were ascertained through four FGDs. Nineteen participants from Bera’s semi-urban and rural Orang Asli communities were convened. Emerging themes from the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Orang Asli believed that oral health is essential for an individual’s function and aesthetics. They are also aware that inadequate oral hygiene care will result in tooth decay and gum disease. Most of the Orang Asli that chewed betel nuts believed that limestone paste could cause oral cancer. The main barriers to Orang Asli accessing oral healthcare services were time constraints and distance to the nearby clinic. Conclusion: The Orang Asli believed oral health care is essential in ensuring a healthy oral condition. Despite their generational belief towards traditional healers and medication, Orang Asli in Bera had a perceived positive acceptance towards oral healthcare services.