Abriendo puertas para la vida: Programa de prevención de conductas suicidas a través de docentes Gatekeepers / Opening doors to life: A suicidal behavior prevention program involving Gatekeeper teachers / Abrindo portas para a vida: Programa de prevenção ao comportamento suicida por meio de professores Gatekeepers

Introducción: El suicidio es la tercera causa de muerte de jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. Ante esto, los ambientes escolares pueden favorecer el fomento de la salud mental de los adolescentes, permitir la identificación temprana de factores de riesgo y aportar en la prevención de conductas suicidas. Una de las estrategias de prevención es el entrenamiento de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en prevención de conductas suicidas en un grupo de profesores de secundaria de una institución educativa de San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio preexperimental, con un grupo de intervención y medidas pre y pos-seguimiento. Participaron nueve docentes voluntarios durante dos jornadas de formación. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios positivos en conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los participantes entre pretest y postest, en la mayoría de las subdimensiones evaluadas; sin embargo, tres años después, estos cambios se mantuvieron tan solo en conocimientos sobre las conductas suicidas y en actitudes hacia la prevención. Conclusión: El programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" evidenció efectividad y pertinencia, sin embargo, el mantenimiento de sus efectos requiere de acciones de seguimiento y acompañamiento a los docentes formados.

Introduction: Suicide is the third cause of death in young people aged between 15 to 19 years. Thus, school environments can promote mental health of adolescents through early identification of risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviors. One prevention strategy is the training of "gatekeepers". Objective: To determine the impact of the "Opening Doors to Life" program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prevention of suicidal behavior in a set of high school teachers from an educational institution in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study with an intervention group and pre- and post-follow-up measurements. Nine volunteer teachers participated during two training sessions. Results: Positive changes regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the participants during pretest and posttest were observed for the majority of evaluated sub-dimensions. However, after three years, the positive measures prevailed only for knowledge about suicidal behavior and attitudes toward prevention. Conclusion: The "Opening Doors to Life" program showed effectiveness and relevance. However, maintaining its impact requires follow-up actions and support of trained teachers.

Introdução: O suicídio é a terceira causa de morte de jovens entre 15 e 19 anos. Diante disso, os ambientes escolares podem promover a promoção da saúde mental em adolescentes, permitir a identificação precoce de fatores de risco e contribuir para a prevenção do comportamento suicida. Uma das estratégias de prevenção é a formação de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas na prevenção do comportamento suicida em um grupo de professores do ensino médio de uma instituição educacional em San Juan de Pasto, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo pré-experimental, com grupo de intervenção e medidas pré e pós-acompanhamento. Nove professores voluntários participaram durante dois dias de treinamento. Resultados: Foram identificadas mudanças positivas nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos participantes entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste, na maioria das subdimensões avaliadas; porém, três anos depois, essas mudanças se mantiveram apenas no conhecimento sobre comportamentos suicidas e atitudes frente à prevenção. Conclusão: O programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" mostrou efetividade e relevância, porém, a manutenção de seus efeitos requer ações de acompanhamento e apoio a professores capacitados.

Vulnerabilidades relacionadas a saúde sexual de mulheres atendidas em um consultório de enfermagem / Vulnerabilities related to the sexual health of women attended in a nursing office / Vulnerabilidades relacionadas con la salud sexual de mujeres atendidas en un consultorio de enfermería

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de saúde sexual de mulheres atendidas no Consultório de Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa utilizando a técnica documental retrospectiva realizado por meio da coleta de dados de prontuários das usuárias atendidas em um Consultório de Enfermagem. Resultados: Foram analisados 303 (100%) prontuários. Houve predominância de mulheres, solteiras (50,17%); pardas/pretas 80 (26,41%); heterossexuais (86,80%); cisgêneras (97,36%); cristãs (72,94%), com uma parceria sexual (65,35%) e na faixa etária entre 40 a 59 anos (42,24%). Conclusão: Identificamos que alguns determinantes sociais, sobretudo a idade, estado civil e cor, podem estar vinculados a ocorrência de infecção sexualmente transmissível, dispareunia/sinusorragia e violência psicológica. Sugere-se que políticas públicas sejam de fato instituídas, com vistas à promoção e proteção da saúde das mulheres. (AU)

Objective: To describe the sexual health profile of women attended at the Nursing Office of a higher education institution. Methods: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach using the retrospective documentary technique performed by collecting data from medical records of users attended at a Nursing Office. Results: 303 (100%) medical records were analyzed. There was a predominance of single women (50,17%); brown/black 80 (26,41%); heterosexuals (86,80%); cisgenus (97,36%); Christians (72,94%), with a sexual partner (65,35%) and aged between 40 and 59 years (42,24%). Conclusion: We identified that some social determinants, especially age, marital status and color, linked to the occurrence of sexually transmitted infection, dyspareunia/sinusorrhagia and psychological violence. It is suggested that public policies are actually instituted, with a view to promoting and protecting women's health. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de salud sexual de las mujeres atendidas en la Oficina de Enfermería de una institución de educación superior. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo utilizando la técnica documental retrospectiva realizada mediante la recolección de datos de las historias clínicas de los usuarios atendidos en un Consultorio de Enfermería. Resultados: Se analizaron 303 (100%) historias clínicas. Predominio hubo de mujeres solteras (50,17%); marrón / negro 80 (26,41%); heterosexuales (86,80%); cisgénico (97,36%); Cristianos (72,94%), como pareja sexual (65,35%) en un grupo de 40 a 59 años (42,24%). Conclusión: Identificamos que algunos determinantes sociales, principalmente la edad, el estado civil y el color, están vinculados a la ocurrencia de Infección transmitida sexualmente, dispareunia / sinitismo y violencia psicológica. Sugerir que se instituyan políticas públicas, con miras a promover y proteger la salud de la mujer. (AU)

Evaluación de la experiencia de telemedicina en consulta de Cirugía de cabeza y cuello en un centro de referencia en Manizales / Evaluation of telemedicine experience in head and neck surgery consultation in a referral center in Manizales

Introducción. La infección por COVID-19 afectó drásticamente la atención en salud a nivel mundial, generando retos para la atención primaria. En orden de mitigar y manejar el contagio, la telemedicina se convirtió en una modalidad emergente y efectiva en varias especialidades médicas, incluida la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con análisis retrospectivo de pacientes atendidos en la consulta virtual durante 18 meses. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y bivariado con regresión logística binaria. Se incluyeron las variables de diagnóstico primario, poder resolutivo de la consulta, necesidad de cita presencial, plataforma y dificultades de la misma. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2485 pacientes provenientes de 11 departamentos. La patología tiroidea fue la más frecuente (62,9 %), seguida de la aerodigestiva (10,9 %). La consulta fue eficiente en el 99 % de los casos, con una capacidad resolutiva del 96,4 %. El 1,4 % tuvo dificultades en la plataforma y el 8,3 % de los pacientes requirió cita presencial. Cuando hubo dificultad para la revisión de exámenes o una inadecuada inspección funcional, fue 30 veces más probable no poder resolver eficientemente la consulta. Conclusión. La telemedicina provee una alternativa eficiente de atención en cirugía de cabeza y cuello, especialmente en los controles de patología tiroidea, evitando desplazamientos innecesarios. En el tracto aerodigestivo, donde el examen físico es primordial, su utilidad está limitada a la posibilidad de realizar un examen endoscópico posterior que permita una adecuada estadificación y facilite la valoración presencial.

Introduction. The COVID-19 infection drastically affected health care worldwide, creating challenges for primary care. In order to mitigate and manage infection, telemedicine has become an emerging and effective modality in several medical specialties, including head and neck surgery. Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients seen in virtual consultation over 18 months. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated, univariate analysis was done with chi-square, and bivariate analysis with binary logistic regression. Variables such as primary diagnosis, the resolution power of the consultation, the need for an in-person appointment, the platform, and its difficulties were included. Results. 2485 patients from 11 departments were included. Thyroid pathology was the most frequent (62.9%), followed by aerodigestive tract pathology (10.8%). The consultation was efficient in 99% of cases, with a resolution capacity of 96.4%. 1.4% had difficulties on the platform and 8.3% of patients required an in-person. When there was difficulty in reviewing exams or an inadequate functional inspection, it was 30 times more likely to not be able to efficiently be resolved. Conclusion. Telemedicine provides an efficient alternative for care in head and neck surgery, especially in thyroid pathology controls, avoiding unnecessary travel. In the aerodigestive tract, where the physical examination is essential, its usefulness is limited to the possibility of performing a subsequent endoscopic examination that allows adequate staging and facilitates in-person assessment.

Self-confidence and satisfaction of nursing students in preoperative telesimulation: cross-sectional study / Autoconfianza y satisfacción de estudiantes de enfermería en la telesimulación preoperatoria: estudio transversal / Autoconfiança e satisfação de estudantes de Enfermagem na telessimulação pré-operatória: estudo transversal

Objective: To assess the self-confidence and satisfaction of Nursing students based on a preoperative telesimulation scenario. Method: Exploratory-descriptive quantitative study conducted from June 2021 to June 2022 at a public university in southern Brazil. The study included 28 undergraduate Nursing students who participated in a telesimulation on preoperative nursing. After the telesimulation, the Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning Scale and the Scale of Satisfaction with Simulated Clinical Experiences were applied through an electronic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Participants reported higher satisfaction (mean 4.36) than self-confidence (mean 3.83). Satisfaction with simulated clinical experiences showed that the cognitive dimension had the highest mean (9.25), followed by the realism dimension (8.83) and practical activity (8.64). Conclusion: Preoperative telesimulation is capable of promoting satisfaction and self-confidence in the Nursing students' learning. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la autoconfianza y satisfacción de los estudiantes de Enfermería basándose en un escenario de telesimulación preoperatoria. Método: Estudio cuantitativo exploratorio-descriptivo realizado de junio de 2021 a junio de 2022 en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil. El estudio incluyó a 28 estudiantes de pregrado en Enfermería que participaron en una telesimulación sobre enfermería preoperatoria. Después de la telesimulación, se aplicaron la Escala de Satisfacción y Autoconfianza del Estudiante en el Aprendizaje y la Escala de Satisfacción con Experiencias Clínicas Simuladas a través de un cuestionario electrónico. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Los participantes reportaron una mayor satis-facción (media de 4,36) que autoconfianza (media de 3,83). La satisfacción con las experiencias clínicas simuladas mostró que la dimensión cognitiva tuvo la media más alta (9,25), seguida de la dimensión de realismo (8,83) y actividad práctica (8,64). Conclusión: La telesimulación preoperatoria es capaz de promover la satisfacción y autoconfianza en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Enfermería. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a autoconfiança e a satisfação dos estudantes de Enfermagem a partir de um cenário de telessimulação pré-operató-ria. Método: Estudo quantitativo exploratório-descritivo realizado de junho de 2021 a junho de 2022 em uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 28 estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, por meio de telessimulação sobre enfermagem pré-operatória. Após a telessimulação, aplicou-se a Escala de Satisfação dos Estudantes e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem e Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas, por meio de questionário eletrônico. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise de dados. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram-se mais satisfeitos (média 4,36) do que autoconfiantes (média 3,83). A satisfação com as experiências clínicas simuladas demonstra que a dimensão cognitiva apresentou maior média (9,25), seguida da dimensão realismo (8,83) e atividade prática (8,64). Conclusão: A telessimulação em cenário pré-operatório é capaz de promover satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem dos estudantes de Enfermagem. (AU)

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico e o telemonitoramento pelo enfermeiro no pós-operatório: uma revisão de escopo / Surgical site infection and nurse telemonitoring in the postoperative period: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: mapear evidências científicas sobre a prevenção e o manejo precoce de infecção de sítio cirúrgico por telemonitoramento em pacientes cirúrgicos após alta hospitalar. MÉTODO: revisão de escopo desenvolvida conforme proposto pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Foi realizada a pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane Collaboration, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science e Embase. Os estudos foram adicionados ao gerenciador Endnote Basic e Rayyan por três pesquisadores independentes. RESULTADOS: foram identificados 1.386 estudos e incluídos 31, os quais apresentaram relevância em relação a sinais de alerta precoce e tardio da infecção de sítio cirúrgico, complicações, fatores de risco, prevenção e utilização do telemonitoramento. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se que, embora os estudos abordem a infecção de sítio cirúrgico e o telemonitoramento, faz-se necessário a formulação dos instrumentos utilizados nas consultas telefônicas, contemplando com maior especificidade os critérios indispensáveis a serem abordados.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to map scientific evidence regarding the prevention and early management of surgical site infection through telemonitoring in surgical patients after discharge from the hospital. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search was performed across PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Collaboration, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Three independent researchers collect the identified studies using Endnote Basic and Rayyan. RESULTS: A total of 1,386 studies were identified, of which 31 were included in the analysis. These selected studies demonstrated significance regarding early and late warning signs of surgical site infection, complications, risk factors, prevention strategies, and the utilization of telemonitoring. CONCLUSION: While the studies address surgical site infection and telemonitoring, it is imperative to formulate the instruments employed in telephonic consultations, incorporating a more specific consideration of essential criteria to be addressed.

Strategies and methods for dynamic parking management under the conditions of ensuring both hospi-tal operation and campus expansions / 现代医院

In the aftermath of the pandemic,the government is accelerating the development of top-tier medical resources to broaden the supply and deliver superior healthcare services.However,during this transitional phase,hospitals are experiencing operational challenges due to concurrent construction activities.Notably,a shortage of parking facilities and increased traffic con-gestion continue to impactmedial consultation experience of patients.This paper tries to explore strategies and methods for dynam-ic parking management during hospital campus expansions,offering insights for other medical institutions into grappling with pa-tient parking issues.

Establishment and application of drug use evaluation criteria of argatroban / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective To establish the argatroban drug use evaluation(DUE)criteria and provide reference for the rational use of argatroban in clinical practice.Methods Based on the domestic and foreign drug instructions of argatroban,referring to relevant guidelines and literature,the DUE standard rules were established by expert consultation.Using the established standard rules,the medical records of argatroban in the Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University from August 2020 to August 2022 were evaluated for the rationality of medication.Results A total of 368 medical records were included,the rational rate of drug use was 48.64％,and the irrational drug use was mainly without indications(46.19％)and inappropriate combination of drugs(4.35％).Conclusion The rational rate of argatroban clinical use in the hospital is not high,and the problems mainly include off-indication drug use and unreasonable combination drug use.Through the establishment and clinical application of DUE standard rules,the clinical use of argatroban can be further standardized and the ability of rational drug use can be improved.

Establishment and application of drug use evaluation criteria of fibrinogenase for injection / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective To establish the drug use evaluation(DUE)standard of fibrinogenase for injection and provide a reference for the rational clinical application of fibrinogenase for injection.Methods Based on the specification of fibrinogenase for injection,the DUE standard was established from three aspects:drug indication,drug process and drug results,with reference to relevant guidelines and literature,and through discussion with clinical experts.A retrospective survey was conducted to evaluate the inpatients using fibrinogenase for injection from January 2021 to December 2021 in Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fujian Province.Results A total of 256 patients were included,with a medication reasonable rate of 61.72％.The irrational use of drugs was mainly including the inappropriate usage and dosage(3.91％),off-label medication(1.95％),no skin test(8.98％),too long or inadequate course of medication(25.00％).Conclusion The DUE standard established of fibrinogenase for injection is scientific,practical and feasible.The use of fibrinogenase for injection in contraindications and high blood coagulation state,and off-label medication can be further optimized.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Interdepartmental Consultation in a Hospital From 2020 to 2022 / 中国医院管理

Objective The purpose is to explore the status quo and management countermeasures of interdepartmental consultation of inpatients in hospitals.Methods Collect the inter-departmental consultation data of a hospital from 2020 to 2022 and analyse the factors influencing intersectoral consultations.Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 201 058 inpatients applied for general consultation in the hospital,with a daily average of 183.45.The departments with the largest number of applications are emergency department,general surgery center,digestive center,neurology department,and heart center,and the proportion of internal medicine system is higher than that of surgical system every year.179 876 cases were invited for general consultation in the hospital,with an average of 164.12 cases per day.The largest number of invited departments are the heart center,the digestion center,the endocrinology department,the general surgery center,and the internal medicine teaching and research department,and the proportion of the internal medicine system is higher than the surgical system every year.Within three years,the response rate of the whole hospital consultation application increased year by year,and the timely rate of consultation increased year by year,and the timely rate of consultation in the medical system was higher than that in the surgical system every year.Conclusion Systematically analyzing the consultation data of medical institutions,grasping the actual needs of inter-departmental consultation of inpatients from different departments and their attitudes to consultation can provide reference basis for optimizing the consultation service process,improving the efficiency and quality of consultation service.

Construction and application of medical metaverse scenes / 中华创伤骨科杂志

The medical metaverse is a combination of medicine and other cutting-edge technologies such as computer and information ones. In the medical metaverse, medical knowledge in the real world will be transformed into a digital form, so that activities concerning diagnosis, treatment, education and clinical practice can be carried out in a virtual environment. Based on the latest research advances at home and abroad, this review expounds on the medical metaverse from the aspects of supporting technologies, applications in clinic and medical education, current deficiencies and future development.

Clinical transfusion consultation investigation and typical case analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics of blood transfusion consultation cases and establish the consultation route, so as to provide reference for blood transfusion doctors to participate in blood transfusion consultation practice. 【Methods】 The cases involved in clinical transfusion consultation in the blood transfusion department of our hospital from 2020 to 2023 were collected from the hospital information system (HIS), and then classified by department and consultation type to summarize the main points of transfusion consultation, formulate transfusion consultation routes, and conduct typical cases analysis. 【Results】 There were 315 clinical transfusion consultations from 2020 to 2023, with an increasing trend year by year (26 in 2020, 67 in 2021, 81 in 2022, 141 in 2023). The consultations involved 24 departments, including cardiovascular medicine 14.0%(44/315), orthopedics 12.7%(40/315), intensive care medicine 8.9%(28/315), general medicine 8.3%(28/315), cardiopulmonary disease 6.0%(19/315), etc. There were 8 categories of consultations, including 35.6%(112/315) autologous ozonized blood transfusion, 23.8%(75/315) plasma exchange, 14.9%(47/315) perioperative mass blood preparation (transfusion), 11.4%(36/315) platelet- rich plasma therapy and 6.3%(20/315) autologous blood collection, etc. The clinical blood transfusion consultation route was formulated according to the consultation points. Six patients with various diseases were treated by blood transfusion department. With effective treatment measures taken, all of them improved and were discharged. 【Conclusion】 The summary of key points of clinical blood transfusion consultation and formulation of the blood transfusion consultation route by department of blood transfusion are conducive to the implementation of blood transfusion consultation and guarantee the safety of patients.

Application of production-oriented approach for consultation ability teaching in general practice residency training / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of production-oriented approach (POA) for consulting ability teaching in general practice standardized residency training.Methods:Eighteen third-year general practice residents in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University received a special training course on the consulting ability based on POA with the situational simulation teaching from September 2021 to March 2022. The consulting ability of residents was evaluated with Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Leichester Assessment Package (LAP) before and after the training, and the results were compared. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess residents′ satisfaction with the course.Results:All 18 resident trainees (11 females and 7 males) aged 25 to 34 (27.3±2.4) years successfully completed the training. Both OSCE scores and LAP scores after the training were significantly higher than those before training (66.25±5.84 vs. 44.44±12.80, t=8.46, P<0.001; 65.78±7.05 vs. 38.33±14.2, t=1.47, P<0.001, respectively). The ability of medical history collection, physical examination, patient management, problem solving, doctor-patient relationship, preventive care and medical record writing were all significantly improved after the training compared with those before training ( t=2.464, 4.278, 8.997, 2.385, 10.35, 5.212, 7.578, all P<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that all the 18 residents were satisfied with the reasonableness of the teaching content, the class time arrangement, the teaching progress arrangement and the instructors. In the dimension of training effectiveness, 18 participants all believed that the course was helpful to improve their humanistic quality and confidence in reception. In terms of self-promotion, all respondents believed that this course was able to promote their reflection ability and stimulate their learning interest. By coding and analyzing the contents of the semi-structured interviews with the residents, nine main themes were constructed, namely course deficiencies, course characteristics, course advantages, course suggestions, trainees′ deficiencies, trainees′ gains, trainees′ goals, previous teaching deficiencies, and instructor′s role. The results showed that all residents had a high degree of satisfaction with the course, and they thought the course was vivid and interesting and it is able to mobilize the enthusiasm of learning, promote learner to reflect. The residents also suggested to increase the teaching hours and to enrich teaching cases. Conclusion:The consulting ability training of general practice based on POA can effectively improve consulting ability, stimulate learning interest and improve independent learning ability of residents, which gains recognition from both faculty and trainees.

Analysis of medication adherence of hypertensive patients in medication consultation clinics and its influencing factors / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the medication adherence of patients with hypertension in medication consultation clinics， and to analyze its influencing factors. METHODS The data of 389 patients who visited the medication consultation clinics of our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors affecting medication adherence of hypertensive patients or those receiving different types of drugs. RESULTS Among 389 patients with hypertension， 302 cases （77.63%） had good adherence. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that higher education level [corrected OR＝2.25， 95%CI （1.29， 3.93）， P＝0.004] was positively correlated with medication adherence， average blood pressure level [corrected OR＝0.19， 95%CI （0.10， 0.37）， P＜0.001]， without complication [corrected OR＝0.47， 95%CI（0.26，0.84），P＝0.010] and antihypertensive drug regimen being free dose combination [corrected OR＝0.27，95%CI（0.15， 0.47）， P＜0.001] were negatively correlated with adherence. Results of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who used β-receptor blocking agents [OR＝1.65，95%CI（1.06，2.57），P＝0.027]， calcium channel blockers [OR＝2.13，95%CI（1.33， 3.42），P＝0.002] and agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system [OR＝2.04，95%CI（1.29，3.22），P＝0.002] had good medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS The medication adherence of hypertension patients needs to be improved. Hypertension patients with higher education level， lower average blood pressure level， complications and fixed-dose combination regimen and those who use agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system， calcium channel blockers and β-receptor blocking agents may have better medication adherence.

Vinte anos da publicação da regulamentação de preços de medicamentos no Brasil: momento de atualizar? / Twenty years since the publication of medication price regulation in Brazil: time to update? / Veinte años desde la publicación de la regulación de precios de medicamentos en Brasil: ¿es hora de actualizarla?

Resumo: Os critérios para definir os preços de medicamentos no Brasil estão previstos na Resolução CMED nº 2/2004 da Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos. Os preços estipulados influenciam o mercado privado e público, o que torna desafiador a revisão de políticas de preços devido a necessidade de harmonizar interesses sociais e econômicos. Uma proposta de revisão dessa Resolução foi disponibilizada por meio da Consulta Pública SEAE nº 2/2021 da Secretaria de Advocacia da Concorrência e Competitividade/Ministério da Economia, porém, até o momento sem publicação dos resultados consolidados até o momento. Recomendações recentes da Organização Mundial da Saúde em relação à adoção de diferentes limiares para definição de preços de medicamentos são adotadas nessa Resolução, embora essa tenha sido publicada há 20 anos. Com o objetivo de interpretar e descrever o alinhamento e os possíveis avanços e retrocessos nos textos legais relacionados à regulação de preços de medicamentos, foi utilizado o método da pesquisa documental analítica-descritiva, de cunho exploratório. Como resultado, foram mantidas a lista de países referência para conferência de preço internacional e os limiares de referenciamento interno e externo de preços. As omissões normativas da Resolução permanecem na Consulta Pública, como a ausência de critérios para precificar radiofármacos, terapias avançadas e medicamentos sem preço internacional, e sem comparadores no mercado brasileiro para revisar preços e transpor preço provisório para definitivo. Um ponto crítico foi a criação de bônus de 35% acima do preço estipulado para medicamentos que apresentem benefício clínico adicional sem, contudo, definir contornos claros quanto às evidências científicas aceitáveis para a comprovação desse benefício. Em suma, poucos avanços foram percebidos na Consulta Pública.

Abstract: Criteria for setting medication prices in Brazil are set forth in CMED Resolution n. 2/2004 of the (Medicines Market Regulation Chamber). The stipulated prices influence the private and public markets, which makes it challenging to review pricing policies due to the need to harmonize social and economic interests. A proposal for reviewing this Resolution was made available through the SEAE Public Consultation n. 2/2021 of the Competition and Competitiveness Advocacy Secretariat/Brazilian Ministry of Economy; however, so far without publication of the consolidated results. Recent recommendations from the World Health Organization regarding the adoption of different thresholds for setting medication prices are adopted in this Resolution, although it was published 20 years ago. To interpret and describe the alignment, possible advances and setbacks between the legal texts related to medication price regulation, we conducted an analytical-descriptive and exploratory documentary research. As a result, the list of reference countries for international price verification and the thresholds for internal and external price referencing were maintained. The normative omissions of the Resolution remain in the Public Consultation, such as the absence of criteria for pricing radiopharmaceuticals, advanced therapies and medication without international and comparator prices in the Brazilian market, to revise prices and transpose provisional to definitive prices. A critical point was the creation of a 35% bonus above the stipulated price for medication that present additional clinical benefit without, however, defining clear contours as to the acceptable scientific evidence to prove such benefit. In short, few advances were noticed in the Public Consultation.

Resumen: Los criterios para definir los precios de los medicamentos en Brasil están establecidos en la Resolución CMED nº 2/2004 de la Cámara de Regulación del Mercado de Medicamentos. Los precios estipulados influyen en el mercado público y privado, lo que dificulta la revisión de las políticas de precios debido a la necesidad de armonizar los intereses sociales y económicos. Una propuesta para revisar esta Resolución se puso a disposición mediante la Consulta Pública SEAE nº 2/2021 de la Secretaría de Competencia y Promoción de la Competitividad/Ministerio de Economía, sin embargo, hasta el momento no se han publicado los resultados consolidados. En esta Resolución se adoptan recomendaciones recientes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre la adopción de diferentes umbrales para fijar los precios de los medicamentos, aunque fue publicada hace 20 años. Con el objetivo de interpretar y describir el alineamiento, posibles avances y retrocesos, entre los textos legales relacionados con la regulación de precios de medicamentos, se utilizó el método de investigación documental analítica-descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio. Como resultado, se mantuvieron la lista de países de referencia para la verificación de precio internacional y los umbrales para la referenciación interna y externa de precios. Quedan en Consulta Pública las omisiones normativas de la Resolución, como la ausencia de criterios de fijación de precios de radiofármacos, terapias avanzadas y medicamentos sin precio internacional y comparadores en el mercado brasileño, para revisar precios y transponer el precio provisional al definitivo. Un punto crítico fue la creación de una bonificación del 35% sobre el precio estipulado para los medicamentos que presenten un beneficio clínico adicional sin definir, sin embargo, contornos claros sobre las evidencias científicas aceptables para demostrar dicho beneficio. En definitiva, se percibieron pocos avances en la Consulta Pública.

Percepção dos pais de crianças submetidas a procedimento cirúrgico eletivo: da descoberta ao tratamento cirúrgico / Parents perception regarding children who underwent elective surgery: from discovery to surgical treatment

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a percepção dos pais acerca da trajetória do paciente cirúrgico pediátrico, desde o diagnóstico, indicação de cirurgia até sua realização, reconhecendo fatores que levaram ao atraso no atendimento. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que inicialmente identificou, nos prontuários, as crianças encaminhadas em atraso para a idade para avaliação com o cirurgião. Identificaram-se 77/289 (26,6%) pacientes encaminhados em atraso. Após sorteio realizaram-se entrevistas, por telefone, com sete pais. Utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática com a emergência de três categorias: dificuldades encontradas; atendimento na atenção primária; e da descoberta do problema à realização da cirurgia. Em referência à espera para atendimento pelos especialistas, observa-se excesso de demanda ante a menor oferta de consultas. A qualidade do atendimento recebido na atenção primária foi bem avaliada e a empatia das equipes foi elogiada. Os familiares reconheceram que a espera pelo atendimento era considerada normal e esteve dentro do esperado, e que, mesmo sendo longa, quando não se tratava de emergência, era considerada aceitável. Conclui-se que o atendimento recebido foi considerado como de qualidade. Em relação ao tempo de espera pela avaliação e cirurgia, a escassez de profissionais da especialidade e a falta de coordenação na rede de atenção primária podem ser considerados como pontos de dificuldade no itinerário percorrido.

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe parents' perception of pediatric surgical patient's trajectory, from diagnosis and indication for surgery to its completion, and to recognize factors that led to delays in care. This is a qualitative, descriptive study, which first identified in medical records children who were late referred for evaluation by the surgeon, and those responsible were randomly selected to be interviewed via telephone call. Content data analysis was carried out, thematic modality. Furthermore, 77/289 (26.6%)patients referred late were identified. Three thematic categories were listed: difficulties encountered; care in primary care; and from discovering the problem to performing surgery. Regarding the wait for the expert assessment, there is an excess of demand against a lower availability of appointments. A positive aspect was the quality of care received in primary care; the empathy of the teams was praised. Regarding the perception of time, family members considered the wait for care as normal and within expectations. Even when long, if it was not an emergency, it was considered acceptable. In conclusion, regarding the waiting time for evaluation and surgery, the lack of specialists and coordination of primary care may be pointed as difficulties during the course of care.

Counter-referral difficulties in an emergency care unit: impact of covid-19 / Dificultades de contrareferencia en una unidad de atención de emergencia: impacto del covid 19 / Dificuldades da contrarreferência em unidade de pronto atendimento: impacto da covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on counter-referral in an Emergency Care Unit. Method: a descriptive, qualitative study conducted with 13 health professionals. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: five speeches were extracted from the interviews about the influence of the pandemic on counter-referral which reveal the difficulties in this process: before the pandemic, overcrowding of specific basic health units that were unable to absorb the population demand and a lack of professionals in teams stood out; the difficulty during the pandemic was in relation to prioritizing care for respiratory symptomatic patients in basic units and the use of communication technology in care and scheduling appointments; there is still difficulty in the transpandemic time in providing care in basic units and the consequent overload in the Emergency Care Unit. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a negative impact on implementing counter-referral with difficulties in logistics, resources and structure, represented by access for the general population, which was even more limited in basic units due to the pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la influencia de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la contrarreferencia en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencia. Método: investigación descriptiva, cualitativa, realizada con 13 profesionales de la salud. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y analizados mediante la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: de las entrevistas se extrajeron cinco discursos sobre la influencia de la pandemia en la contrarreferencia, que revelan las dificultades de este proceso: antes de la pandemia, la sobrepoblación de unidades básicas de salud específicas que no lograron absorber la demanda de la población y la falta de profesionales destacaron en equipos; durante la pandemia, la dificultad estuvo en relación con la priorización de la atención a pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios en unidades básicas y el uso de tecnologías de comunicación en la atención y programación de citas; en el momento de la transpandemia aún existe dificultad para brindar atención en las unidades básicas y la consecuente sobrecarga en la Unidad de Atención de Emergencias. Conclusión: El COVID-19 impactó negativamente en la implementación de la contrarreferencia con dificultades en logística, recursos y estructura, representadas en el acceso de la población en general, que quedó aún más limitado a las unidades básicas debido a la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a influência da pandemia pela COVID-19 na contrarreferência em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, realizada com 13 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual, semiestruturada e analisados a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: das entrevistas foram extraídos cinco discursos sobre a influência da pandemia na contrarreferência, os quais revelam as dificuldades nesse processo: antes da pandemia destacou-se a superlotação de unidades básicas de saúde específicas que não conseguiam absorver a demanda populacional e a falta de profissionais nas equipes; durante a pandemia a dificuldade foi em relação à priorização dos atendimentos de pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios nas unidades básicas e ao uso de tecnologia de comunicação nos atendimentos e agendamento de consultas; no momento da transpandemia segue a dificuldade de atendimento nas unidades básicas e a consequente sobrecarga na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Conclusão: a COVID-19 impactou negativamente na concretização da contrarreferência com dificuldades de logística, recursos e estrutura, representadas no acesso da população em geral, ainda mais limitado às unidades básicas com a pandemia.

Analysis of the costs of teleconsultation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the SUS / Análise dos custos da teleconsulta para tratamento de diabetes mellitus no SUS

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the results of a cost analysis of remote consultations (teleconsultations) compared to in-person consultations for patients with type 2 diabetes, in the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS) in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina (SC). In addition to the costs from the local manager's perspective, the article also presents estimates from the patient's perspective, based on the transportation costs associated with each type of consultation. METHOD Data were collected from 246 consultations, both remote and in-person, between 2021 and 2023, in the context of a randomized clinical trial on the impact of teleconsultation carried out in the city of Joinville, SC. Teleconsultations were carried out at Primary Health Units (PHU) and in-person consultations at the Specialized Health Center. The consultation costs were calculate by the method time and activity-based costing (TDABC), and for the estimate of transportation costs data was collected directly from the research participants . The mean costs and time required to carry out each type of consultation in different scenarios and perspectives were analyzed and compared descriptively. RESULTS Considering only the local SUS manager's perspective, the costs for carrying out a teleconsultation were 4.5% higher than for an in-person consultation. However, when considering the transportation costs associated with each patient, the estimated value of the in-person consultation becomes 7.7% higher and, in the case of consultations in other municipalities, 15% higher than the teleconsultation. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the incorporation of teleconsultation within the SUS can bring economic advantages depending on the perspective and scenario considered, in addition to being a strategy with the potential to increase access to specialized care in the public network.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar os resultados da análise de custos para a modalidade de consulta remota (teleconsulta) em comparação à consulta presencial, em pacientes com diabetes do tipo 2, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro, na cidade Joinville, Santa Catarina. Para além dos custos, sob a perspectiva do gestor local, o artigo também apresenta estimativas sob perspectiva do paciente, a partir dos custos de transporte associados a cada modalidade de consulta. MÉTODO Foram coletados dados de 246 consultas, remotas e presenciais, entre 2021 e 2023, no contexto de um ensaio clínico randomizado sobre o impacto da teleconsulta realizado na cidade de Joinville, SC. As teleconsultas foram realizadas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e as consultas presenciais no Centro de Saúde Especializada. Para o cálculo dos custos, foi utilizado o método de custos baseado em tempo e atividade (TDABC) e, para o cálculo dos custos relativos aos transportes dos pacientes, foram coletados dados diretamente com os participantes da pesquisa. Foram analisados e comparados descritivamente os custos médios e o tempo de realização de cada modalidade de consulta em diferentes cenários e perspectivas. RESULTADOS Considerando apenas a perspectiva do gestor local do SUS, os custos para a realização da teleconsulta se mostraram 4,5% maiores do que para uma consulta presencial. Contudo, quando considerados os custos de transporte associados a cada paciente, o valor estimado da consulta presencial passa a ser 7,7% maior e, no caso de consultas em outros municípios, 15% maior do que a teleconsulta. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados demonstram que a incorporação da teleconsulta dentro do SUS pode trazer vantagens econômicas, a depender da perspectiva e do cenário considerado, além de ser uma estratégia com potencial para aumentar o acesso à atenção especializada na rede pública.

Teleassistência no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro: onde estamos e para onde vamos? / Telecare in the Brazilian Unified Health System: where we are and where we are heading

Resumo O artigo explora a teleassistência a partir dos desenvolvimentos da telessaúde e da aceleração da transformação digital na saúde provocada pela pandemia de COVID-19, com foco no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Aborda questões terminológicas, escopo de ações, potencialidades do uso para atenção à saúde e condicionantes e contingências para a utilização da teleassistência no Brasil, concentrando-se nas teleconsultas e nas interações entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes. Por fim, apresenta um conjunto de proposições para o desenvolvimento das políticas e práticas de teleassistência no Brasil, tendo em vista os princípios do SUS, organizados em dois eixos estratégicos centrais: diretrizes político organizacionais e proposições operacionais e de organização dos serviços e do cuidado. Destaca-se a importância de ponderar e elucidar os alcances e os limites das novas tecnologias para evitar idealizações e deslumbramentos com suas propostas de solução para os complexos problemas de saúde. As soluções de teleassistência devem ser compatíveis com princípios e diretrizes do SUS e com o modelo de atenção preconizado, que prevê a organização da rede a partir da atenção primária, para garantir acesso, integralidade e qualidade da atenção à saúde para a sociedade brasileira.

Abstract This article explores telecare from telehealth developments and the recent acceleration of the digital health transformation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It addresses terminological issues, the scope of actions, the potential use for healthcare, and constraints and contingencies for telecare in Brazil, focusing on teleconsultations and interactions between health professionals and patients. Finally, it presents a set of propositions for the development of telecare policies and practices in Brazil, considering SUS principles, in two central themes: organizational political guidelines and operational propositions to organise services and healthcare delivery. The importance of clarifying the scope and limits of new technologies is highlighted in the attempt to avoid idealizations with proposed solutions to complex health problems. Telecare solutions should be compatible with SUS principles and with the recommended model of care, with the healthcare network coordinated and organised by primary care, ensuring access to health services and integrated and quality healthcare for the Brazilian society.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Alcances y limitaciones de la teleconsulta en pandemia de covid-19: relatos de profesionales de la salud del primer nivel de atención de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Scope and limitations of teleconsultation during the covid-19 pandemic: accounts from primary healthcare professionals in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

RESUMEN El objetivo fue explorar alcances y limitaciones de la teleconsulta en pandemia, desde la perspectiva de médicos y médicas del primer nivel de atención del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, una institución privada ubicada en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con diez entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales entre enero y abril de 2022. Los tres grandes tópicos emergentes fueron la transición a la virtualidad, la accesibilidad y el nuevo modelo de atención. Los obstáculos se relacionaron con la implementación masiva, forzada y no planificada de las teleconsultas. Los principales beneficios fueron brindar atención durante el aislamiento-distanciamiento y evacuar dudas epidemiológicas. Se destacan cambios en estrategias de atención, encuadre de las consultas, intercambio entre colegas, criterios de derivación y de pedido de estudios complementarios, y en los perfiles de consultantes. Surgió un sobreuso del sistema por parte de las personas, y una banalización del momento de la consulta. El auge de las tecnologías de la comunicación e información indudablemente permitió dar continuidad a los procesos asistenciales en salud, pero no reemplaza la presencialidad y se requieren lineamientos normativos para su continuidad.

ABSTRACT The aim was to explore the scope and limitations of teleconsultation during the pandemic from the perspective of primary care physicians at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, a private institution located in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. A qualitative study was conducted with ten individual semi-structured interviews between January and April 2022. The three major emerging topics were the transition to virtuality, accessibility, and the new care model. Obstacles were related to the massive, forced, and unplanned implementation of teleconsultations. The main benefits included providing care during isolation-distancing and addressing epidemiological doubts. Changes were highlighted in care strategies, consultation frameworks, exchange among colleagues, referral criteria, requests for complementary studies, and in the profiles of those seeking consultations. A misuse of the system by individuals and a trivialization of the consultation moment emerged. The rise of communication and information technologies undoubtedly allowed the continuity of healthcare processes, but it does not replace in-person care, and normative guidelines are needed for its continuity.