Taking Sanfu Herbal Patch as An Example to Explore Science Popularization Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Paths to Improvement / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore residents'science popularization status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and its influential factors,and provid scientific suggestions for the formulation of strategies and methods of TCM science popularization,taking Sanfu herbal patch(SHP)as an example.[Methods]Online questionnaires and Logistic regression analysis were applied to study residents'cognition,behavior and willingness on SHP and its influential factors,and explor the effective strategies and methods of TCM science popularization.[Results]Residents'cognitive accuracy rates of SHP's efficacy in treating diseases were 22.9％for bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,21.4％for rhinitis,19.3％for health care and immunity enhancement,and those of treatment methods were 35.0％for the reimbursement by medical insurance and 20.3％for the number of medication per course.Only 7.8％of residents experienced the treatment.Ways of acquiring SHP knowledge were few,namely,personal communication(26.6％)and internet(22.6％).Patients with underlying diseases,with odds ratio(OR)of 2.44(P＜0.05),were the most important factor promoting the cognitive accuracy of diseases that can be treated with SHP.Female(OR=1.70,P＜0.01)and insured residents(OR=2.41,P＜0.01)were factors that promoted the cognitive accuracy of treatment methods.The demand rate of knowledge was 71.7％,and that of the elderly was 100％;and approval rates of SHP science popularization at home and abroad were 78.2％and 80.0％.[Conclusion]Residents'science knowledge and application level of SHP were low,but their passion to try,learn and communicate it was very high.Therefore,it was suggested to increase the micro education of specific TCM treatments,take female,patients with basic diseases,insured residents and the elderly as starting points,expanding the audience,create diversified paths,and improve the precise implementation of science popularization strategies,so as to improve the health literacy of residents and promote the development of healthy China.

Research on the implementation path of empowerment of scientific and technological achievements of researchers in public hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the implementation path of scientific and technological achievement empowerment for researchers in public hospitals.Methods:Through literature research, theoretical research, policy research, etc, current situation and progress of the ownership management reform of scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad were sorted out, and the difficult problems in the empowerment of scientific and technological achievements were summarized in combination with its practice in domestic public hospitals.Results:The following problems existed in the empowerment of scientific and technological achievements in public hospitals: weak awareness of medical staff′s ownership protection imperfect empowerment system, lagging construction of management personnel, and constraints of state-owned assets management.Conclusions:It is suggested to improve the coordination mechanism of government departments, optimize related policy and law environment and innovation atmosphere, implement a categorized and tiered empowerment strategy for job scientific and technological achievements, set up a management platform of medical scientific and technological achievements, build a complete support service system, establish a mechanism for cultivating and producing high-value achievements, and strengthen the construction of achievement management personnel.

Exploration of reform paths of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To help to realize high-quality development of clinical pharmacy education in China by exploring new reform paths of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy. METHODS The concept definition and key links of high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy were consulted by expert consultation， and the literature analysis and empirical methods were used to prepare a questionnaire to conduct online research on clinical pharmacy professionals in universities and hospitals. RESULTS A total of 637 effective electronic questionnaires were received. Totally 95.13% of the respondents believed that the cultivation of high-level talents in clinical pharmacy was very or relatively important； 51.96% expressed different degrees of dissatisfaction with the current situation of training； 88.85% regarded “rational clinical use of drugs” and 88.70% regarded “clinical research of drugs” as one of the main training objectives and service orientation； precision pharmacy， evidence-based pharmacy， medication therapy management， therapeutic drug monitoring and evaluation， clinical discovery and evaluation of new drugs were considered as important core specialty knowledge and competences， which were different from those high-level talents in clinical medicine；62.01% agreed that “academic degree+professional degree” dual degree training was the main degree type for high-level talents training in clinical pharmacy； 79.28% thought it was very necessary or relatively necessary to adopt the “long schooling” education mode； 98.58% thought that the core courses of clinical pharmacy such as clinical pharmacotherapy were very important or relatively important；59.81% believed that college or department of clinical pharmacy was the most important educational management organization that played the most important role； 87.13% agreed with the dual tutor structure of “college teachers+ pharmacists” and “pharmacists+physicians”. CONCLUSIONS Starting with the target orientation， core knowledge and competence， academic degree system， curriculum system and faculties， it is necessary to speed up the exploration of new reform paths of talent training and build a high-level talent training system of clinical pharmacy with Chinese characteristics and world level.

Discussion on the Mechanism and Path of Professional Resilience Training of Medical Staff / 中国医院管理

At present,some medical personnel have problems in professional resilience,such as post competence,psychological resilience,self-efficacy and decreased professional identity.In order to strengthen the training of medical personnel professional resilience,starting with the mechanisms of professional resilience training,management guaran-tee,hospital culture construction and self-construction,it puts forward that the government and society should build the training system of multiple subjects,improve the occupational safety and welfare guarantee,and optimize the psy-chological environment of medical personnel;medical institutions should create a good hospital culture atmosphere,strengthen the material support of occupational resilience training,and establish the vocational resilience training pro-gram;medical personnel should enhance their professional quality,enhance professional identity,and establish a harmo-nious interpersonal relationship.

Assessement of the quality of bicycle paths and its correlation with bicycle use in Florianópolis / Análise da qualidade das ciclovias e sua relação com o uso de bicicleta em Florianópolis

ABSTRACT Bicycle paths are important infrastructures in the cities to promote active commuting. Thus, understanding the information inherent to their quality might help to understand their effects on human behavior. This study aimed at assessing the quality of the bike paths in the city of Florianopolisl by using the QualiCicle instrument. SOPARC tool was used to verify the use profile. A total of 38 cycling axes with a length of 54 km were selected. The qualitative analysis was classified as sufficient, with an overall average of 1.61 points. A total of 6,113 cyclists were observed; the majority was adult men who used to cycle in moderate intensity. Better-quality bike paths had a greater number of cyclists (50.5%). The logistic regression analyzes showed that young people are less likely to use cycle paths classified as 'good' ones (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.67). Considering per category, there is a greater chance of women to use bike paths with a 'good/excellent' infrastructure quality, and a 'sufficient' and 'good/excellent' signalization. It is concluded that Florianopolis has an adequate bikeway network; however, the infrastructure distribution and the cycle path connections are irregular along the city regions. A better quality of the cycling infrastructures can promote greater use by women and the elderly, groups that perform less physical activity.

RESUMO Ciclovias são estruturas importantes nas cidades para promover o deslocamento ativo. Assim, compreender as informações inerentes à sua qualidade pode auxiliar na compreensão de seus efeitos sobre o comportamento humano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das ciclovias de Florianópolis por meio do instrumento QualiCiclo. O instrumento SOPARC foi utilizado para verificar o perfil de uso. Foram selecionados ao todo 38 eixos de ciclovias com 54 km de extensão, sendo a análise qualitativa classificada como suficiente, com média geral de 1,61 pontos. Foram observados 6.113 ciclistas dos quais a Mayria eram homens, adultos e em intensidade moderada. As ciclovias de melhor qualidade possuem Mayr número de ciclistas (50,5%). As análises de regressão logística mostraram que, usualmente, jovens possuem menos chance de utilizarem as ciclovias classificadas como "boa" (OR:0,40; IC95%: 0,24-0,67). Quando observado por categoria, há uma Mayr chance de mulheres utilizarem os eixos de ciclovia que possuem "boa/ótima" qualidade de infraestrutura e "suficiente" e "boa/ótima" qualidade de sinalização. Conclui-se que Florianópolis possui uma rede de ciclovias adequada, contudo, a distribuição das estruturas e conexão de ciclovia é irregular entre as regiões da cidade. Uma Mayr qualidade da infraestrutura cicloviária pode promover Mayr uso por mulheres e idosos, grupos que menos realizam atividade física.

Aspectos sociodemográficos, barreiras e motivações de ciclistas de uma cidade sul-brasileira: um estudo de métodos mistos / Sociodemographic aspects, barriers, and motivations of cyclists from a South Brazilian city: a study of mixed methods

Resumo O objetivo foi descrever características de uso e aspectos sociodemográficos e motivacionais de ciclistas usuários do sistema cicloviário da cidade de Pelotas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo de métodos mistos com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. No total, 841 ciclistas foram amostrados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no componente transversal descritivo do estudo. A maior parte dos usuários eram homens (82,9%), pertencentes à faixa etária entre 30 e 59 anos (55,8%) e trabalhadores da construção civil ou do comércio (47,4%). Mais de 80% utilizam a bicicleta como deslocamento. Embora a grande maioria tenha relatado utilizar bicicleta mesmo em dias de verão e inverno rigorosos, apenas 56,6% relataram manter o uso em dias de chuva. Nove entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas no componente qualitativo e emergiram barreiras como condições climáticas atreladas à qualidade das vias (dias de chuva), relações de trânsito conflituosas e necessidade de melhoria e ampliação das vias em direção aos bairros. Entre as motivações, foram destacadas questões de economia de gastos com transporte e de cuidados da saúde (entre os ciclistas de lazer). Os resultados encontrados apresentam subsídios específicos para intervenções de políticas públicas e necessidade de foco de acordo com seus usuários.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the characteristics of use and sociodemographic and motivational aspects of cyclists who travel on the cycle paths/lanes in the city of Pelotas (Brazil). A descriptive study was conducted applying mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 841 cyclists were randomly selected and assessed in the quantitative component. The majority of users were men (82.9%), from the middle age group (55.8%) and workers in the construction industry and local commerce (47.4%). More than 80% of the participants used the bicycle for commuting purposes. Although the large majority reported using the bicycle even in rigorous winter and summer conditions, only 56.6% reported use on rainy days. Nine interviews were performed in the qualitative component and the following barriers emerged: climate conditions related to the quality of streets, (rainy days); complex traffic systems; and the need for qualitative and quantitative improvement in the paths leading to outlying neighborhoods. Saving money with transport and health benefits (among leisure-time cyclists) are the main motivations for using a bicycle. The results reveal specific aspects for improvement in terms of public policies, and the need to prioritize specific user demands.

Theoretical connotation and practical paths of Party-building′s guidance to high-quality development of public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Upholding the overall leadership of the Party is an important cornerstone for promoting development of public hospitals. Party building leadership for high-quality development of public hospitals must adhere to the value orientation of public welfare, establish a modern hospital management system, and promote the mutual promotion and integration of both Party building and medical service. The practice path of Party building in leading the high-quality development of public hospitals in a tertiary hospital won the support of patients, employees and medical students at large, gave full play to the leading role of the Party, and made breakthroughs in terms of medical service, discipline construction, talent training and internal management quality improvements. By strengthening top-level design and institutional system construction, the hospital has effectively transformed the political and organizational advantages led by Party building into an endogenous momentum for the reform and development of public hospitals. The practice solved such important questions as to the beneficiaries of the high-quality development of public hospitals, whom to depend on and how to govern, hence providing reference for further promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals in China and realizing the deep integration of Party building and medical service.

Trajetórias e experiências morais de adoecimento raro e crônico em biografias: um ensaio teórico / Trajectories and moral experiences of rare and chronic illness in biographies: a theoretical essay

Resumo Temos como objeto o diálogo com seis obras, entendidas no mercado editorial como biografias, que contemplam narrativas de primeira e segunda pessoa sobre a relação com situações de adoecimento crônico, raro ou complexo. Como ensaio teórico, experimentamos construir um argumento: essas biografias são formas públicas de construção e apresentação de pessoa, representam a possibilidade de atribuir um lugar de visibilidade para experiências morais, de grande apelo público, mas que precisam ser reconhecidas na atenção e formação e saúde como ferramentas políticas para reflexão sobre as práticas. Nesse sentido, passam a ser testemunhos, proporcionando menos histórias de vida particulares, e mais trajetórias biográficas, onde se coloca um diálogo interacionista entre significados, lugares, pessoas, posições, estigmas, violações de direito e discriminações.

Abstract Our subject is a dialogue with six literary works, understood in the publishing market as biographies that consider first and second person narratives on the relationship with situations of chronic, rare or complex disease. As a theoretical essay, we try to build an argument: these biographies are public forms of people's construction and presentation; they represent the possibility of assigning a place of visibility to moral experiences, of great public appeal, but which must be recognized in health care and training as political tools for reflection on practices. Thus, they become testimonies, providing less personal life histories and more biographical paths, with an interactionist dialogue among meanings, places, people, positions, stigma, right violations and discrimination.

Itinerários terapêuticos, cuidados e atendimento na construção de ideias sobre maternidade e infância no contexto da Zika / Itinerarios terapéuticos, cuidados y atención en la construcción de ideas sobre maternidad e infancia en el contexto del Zika / Therapeutic paths, care and assistance in the construction of ideas about maternity and childhood in the context of the Zika virus

Com pesquisa de campo etnográfico, seguimos itinerários terapêuticos de cuidadoras de filhos com Síndrome Congênita do Zika para compreender como diferentes contextos (descoberta, casa, unidades de saúde, assistência social, associações) contribuem para formar noções sobre maternidade e infância. O conceito de "conjunturas vitais" em ritos de passagem geracionais singulariza experiências que levam a estabilizações e/ou caminhos invertidos na passagem entre etapas. A construção prática e simbólica de maternidade e infância oscila entre uma multiplicidade de significados marcados pela obrigatoriedade de mulheres se empenharem na tarefa de cuidar, vivendo sofrimento e sacralização do cuidado, numa realidade cotidiana que amarra suas vidas a buscas de explicações causais e respostas terapêuticas diversas sem mudanças geracionais marcadas. Quem trilha esses itinerários terapêuticos constrói uma imagem multifacetada de si mesma em relação, direta ou indiretamente, à maternidade, à infância e à filiação biológica e social.(AU)

Con investigación de campo etnográfico seguimos itinerarios terapéuticos de cuidadoras de hijos con Síndrome congénito del zika para comprender cómo diferentes contextos (descubrimiento, casa, unidades de salud, asistencia social, asociaciones) contribuyen para formar nociones sobre maternidad e infancia. El concepto de "coyunturas vitales" en ritos de pasaje generacionales singulariza experiencias que llevan a estabilizaciones y/o caminos invertidos en el paso entre etapas. La construcción práctica y simbólica de maternidad e infancia oscila entre una multiplicidad de significados marcados por la obligatoriedad de que las mujeres se empeñen en la tarea de cuidar, viviendo el sufrimiento y la sacralización del cuidado, en una realidad cotidiana que amarra sus vidas a búsquedas de explicaciones causales y respuestas terapéuticas diversas sin cambios generacionales marcados. Quien recorre estos itinerarios terapéuticos construye una imagen multi-facetada de sí misma en relación, directa o indirectamente, a la maternidad, a la infancia y a la filiación biológica y social.(AU)

Based on an ethnographic field research, we followed the therapeutic paths of caregivers of children with the Zika congenital syndrome in order to understand the way different contexts (discovery, household, health units, social work, associations) contribute to creating notions about maternity and childhood. The concept of "vital conjunctures" in generational rites of passage singularizes experiences that lead to stabilization and/or inverted paths in the passage between stages. The practical and symbolic construction of maternity and childhood oscillates among a multiplicity of meanings marked by the obligatoriness of women to strive in the task of caring and experiencing suffering and care sacralization, in a daily reality that ties their lives to searches for causal explanations and diverse therapeutic answers without marked generational changes. Those who take these therapeutic paths build a multifaceted image of themselves in a direct or indirect relationship to maternity, childhood and their social and biological affiliation.(AU)

Factores de riesgo y protección de las trayectorias académicas: voces y miradas del alumnado inmigrante en el contexto del área metropolitana de Barcelona, España / Risk and protection factors in academic careers: voices and views of immigrant students in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain / Fatores de risco e proteção das trajetórias académicas: voz e visão dos estudantes imigrantes no contexto da área metropolitana de Barcelona, Espanha

Este artículo analiza la atribución percibida del alumnado de familias inmigrantes sobre los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores que favorecen la continuidad académica en la transición de riesgo de la educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) a la postobligatoria (PO). Dicho análisis es parte de un estudio longitudinal más amplio y se ubica en su última fase en la que se llevaron a cabo grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los jóvenes que lograron persistir. Los resultados encuentran que los jóvenes que desarrollan trayectorias exitosas llevan a cabo estrategias de acomodación multicultural que han sido fruto de la conjugación de varios factores de protección claves: el apoyo familiar, de pares e institucional; referentes familiares que motiven la continuidad (en especial la figura materna); la capacidad de superación; y, que las familias y el profesorado comprendan las dificultades que conllevan las transiciones simultáneas que viven los estudiantes de familias inmigrantes.

This article analyses the perceptions of students from immigrant families regarding the risk and protective factors that promote academic continuity in the high-risk transition from compulsory secondary education (ESO) to post-compulsory education (PO). This analysis is part of a larger longitudinal study and is currently in its final phase involving focus groups and semistructured interviews with young people that remained in education were held. Results have showed that young people that achieve successful academic pathways live in multicultural accommodation that have resulted from the combination of several key factors of protection: family support, peer and community support; family members that have encouraged them to continue with their education (especially mothers); the ability to overcome difficulties; and, the fact that families and teachers understand the difficulties involving the simultaneous transitions experienced by immigrant students.

Este artigo analisa a atribuição percebida pelos alunos de famílias imigrantes sobre os fatores de risco e de proteção que promovem a continuidade acadêmica na transição de risco do ensino secundário obrigatório (ESO) para o pós-obrigatório (PO). Esta análise é parte de um estudo longitudinal mais amplo e está em sua fase final, na qual foram realizados grupos de foco e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os jovens que persistiram. Os resultados elucidaram que os jovens que desenvolvem carreiras de sucesso definem e executam estratégias de acomodação multicultural que tem sido fruto da combinação de vários fatores-chave de proteção: o apoio da família, dos colegas e institucional; referências familiares que incentivam a continuidade (especialmente a figura da mãe); a capacidade de superação; e que as famílias e professores entendam as dificuldades que envolvem as transições simultâneas de estudantes com famílias de imigrantes.

Atención médica y diferencia cultural. Acceso a atención médica de mujeres musulmanas en Bogotá / Medical Care and Cultural Difference. Access to Medical Care by Muslim Women in Bogota / Atendimento médico e diferença cultural. Acesso a atendimento médico de mulheres muçulmanas em Bogotá

Resumen Desde 1991 Colombia se define constitucionalmente como un país multicultural. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta definición es aún incierta. Sobre esta base, el texto explora la relación entre diversidad cultural y acceso a servicios de salud, a partir del caso de las mujeres musulmanas en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se plantea cómo los estilos de vida, el género y los sistemas de creencias afectan las trayectorias de cuidado y el encuentro terapéutico de personas definidas como musulmanes en los servicios de atención médica. Se desarrolló un trabajo de corte cualitativo, donde se articulan la salud pública y la antropología médica. Se encontró que el acceso a la atención médica de las mujeres musulmanas está mediado por interacciones sociales que facilitan los desencuentros médicos. De allí que la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad requieran la comprensión e integración de la cultura como categoría mediadora en la salud pública.

Abstract Since 1991, Colombia has been defined as a multicultural country. However, the application of this definition is uncertain still. With this background, our text explores the relationship between cultural diversity and the access to health services based on the case of Muslim women in Bogota, Colombia. We propose how lifestyles, gender, and belief systems affect the path of care and the therapeutic meeting of people defined as Muslim in the health care services. We developed a qualitative work articulating public health and medical anthropology. We found that the access to medical care of Muslim women is mediated by social interactions facilitating medical disagreements. From there we surmise that health promotion and disease prevention require the understanding and integration of culture as a mediating category in public health.

Resumo Desde 1991 Colômbia é definida constitucionalmente como país multicultural. No entanto, a aplicação desta definição ainda tem incerteza. Sobre esta base, o texto explora a relação entre diversidade cultural e acesso a serviços de saúde, a partir do caso de mulheres muçulmanas na cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia. Coloca-se como os estilos de vida, o gênero e os sistemas de crenças afetam as trajetórias de cuidado e o encontro terapêutico de pessoas definidas como muçulmanos nos serviços de atenção médica. Um trabalho de tipo qualitativo onde é articulada a saúde pública e a antropologia médica foi desenvolvido. Encontrou-se que o acesso ao atendimento médico das mulheres muçulmanas está mediado por interações sociais que facilitam os desencontros médicos. Daí que a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de doença requeiram a compreensão e integração da cultura como categoria mediadora na saúde pública.

Trayectorias de control y covariación de variables como expresión del cambio cognitivo en la solución de un problema / Control Paths and Covariation of Variables as an Expresion of Cognitive Change in Solving a Problem

Esta investigación caracteriza los trayectos y trayectorias que siguen 136 sujetos universitarios al solucionar un problema físico-matemático de proporcionalidad, planteado a través de un software interactivo, con el objetivo de analizar la variabilidad intra e intersujeto respecto del tipo de control de variables y covariación utilizadas. Se evidenciaron cinco tipos de control de variables (a: No Control, b: Control Simple de dos intentos, c: Control Simple mayor a dos intentos, d: Control con Alternancia y e: Cambio Controlado) y cuatro de covariación (f: No covariación, g: Covariación Creciente, h: Covariación Decreciente y i: Covariación Mixta). Se utilizó el método microgenético con medidas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los diversos trayectos y trayectorias atestiguan el cambio cognitivo en la solución del problema. Se concluye que existe significativa variabilidad en los procedimientos utilizados por la población, al igual que diferencias significativas respecto de trayectorias con control o covariación consolidados, comparadas con las que no lo tuvieron, igualmente entre los que presentaron trayectos con intermitencia y sin intermitencia.

This research characterizes paths and trajectories followed by 136 university subjects while solving a physical-mathematical problem of proportionality, proposed through an interactive software, in order to analyze the intra- and inter- subject variability, regarding the type of control variables and co-variation used. Five types of control variables (a: No Control, b: Simple Control, c: Simple Control greater than two attempts, d: Alternating Control and e: Controlled Change) and four of co-variation (f: No co-variation, g: Increasing co-variation, h: Decreasing co-variation and i: Mixed co-variation) were evidenced. The microgenetic method with qualitative and quantitative measures was used. The various paths and trajectories witness cognitive change in solving the problem. It is concluded that there is a significant variability in the procedures used by the population, as well as significant differences with respect to trajectories with consolidated control or co-variation compared to those that did not have it, also among those with paths with intermittence and without intermittence.

Application of the two-paths double U-shaped fixer in the intravenous indwelling needle / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the application of the two-paths double U-shaped fixer in clinical intravenous indwelling needle fixation. Methods A total of 420 cases using of intravenous indwelling needle from January to June 2015 were involved and divided into experimental group(210 cases) and control group(210 cases) by random digits table method. The two-paths double U-shaped fixer was applied in experimental group and the control group were used tape by Y type to fix. The incidence of returning-blood, blocking, phlebitis, slippage and the comfort between two groups were observed and compared. Results The incidence of returning-blood, blocking, phlebitis, slippage in experimental group were 6.2%(13/210), 0.5%(1/210), 0 , which were lower than those in control group 48.6%(102/210), 5.7%(12/210), 1.4%(3/210) seperately, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=117.895, P<0.01). The incidence of phlebitis levelⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣin experimental group were 3.3%(7/210), 1.4%(3/210), 0.9%(2/210), 0, which were lower than those in control group 11.9%(25/210), 9.0%(19/210), 3.8%(8/210), 2.4%(5/210), the differences were statistically significant(Z=-5.960, P<0.01). The incidence of the comfort level 1, 2, 3 and 4 in experimental group were 92.4%(194/210), 6.2%(13/210), 1.4%(3/210), 0 individually, which were higher than those in control group 36.7%(77/210), 46.7%(98/210), 12.4%(26/210), 4.3%(9/210), the differences were statistical significant (Z=-16.228, P < 0.01). Conclusions Two-paths double U-shaped fixationis is better than Y-shaped tape fixation. To compare the venous indwelling needle fixation, two-paths double U-shaped fixer could fix more effectively and safety. At the same time, it also has advantages in convenient, observation and appearance. It could be widely used in clinical practice.

Trajetórias de desenvolvimento e marcos de vida em jovens do Rio de Janeiro / Development paths and milestones in Rio de Janeiro youngsters / Trayectoria del desarrollo y marcos de vida en jóvenes del Rio de Janeiro

A transição para a idade adulta é uma fase do desenvolvimento caracterizada diferentemente dependendo do contexto e época analisados. Em contextos industrializados, tornar-se adulto é marcado pela valorização da escolarização e especialização profissional, enquanto em contextos tradicionais há valorização do casamento e em formar uma família. O estudo buscou investigar a relação desses marcadores característicos da entrada na vida adulta, sua relação com as trajetórias de desenvolvimento e escolaridade. Participaram deste 40 jovens, criados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, de níveis alto e baixo de escolaridade. Os resultados mostraram que a diferença de escolaridade não interfere na escolha dos marcadores desta amostra. Houve associações da escolha de marcadores e as trajetórias de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que, embora não tenha havido influência da escolaridade em contextos em que há valorização da autonomia, há tendência por escolhas individualistas de marcadores, enquanto nos em que há maior valorização de interdependência há tendência por escolhas de marcadores relacionais. Apesar de limitações, como número reduzido de participantes, acredita-se que houve contribuição para a literatura, já que existem poucos estudos que incluam jovens brasileiros.

The transition to adulthood is a developmental stage differently characterized depending on context and time. In industrialized contexts, becoming an adult is marked by the appreciation of education and professional expertise, while in traditional contexts, getting married and starting a family are appreciated instead. The study aimed to investigate the relation between these markers of entry into adulthood and their relation to the participants’ development paths and education levels. Forty youngsters raised in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), aged between 18 and 25 years old, of high and low levels of education, took part in this study. The results showed that the difference in education levels does not interfere in the choice of markers in this sample. There were associations between the choice of markers and development paths. Although there was no influence of education in contexts where there is appreciation of autonomy, there is a tendency for individualistic markers’ choices, while where there is appreciation of interdependence, there is a tendency for relational markers’ choices. Despite limitations, such as small number of participants, it is believed that there was a contribution to the literature, as nowadays there are few studies that include Young Brazilians as participants.

La transición a la edad adulta es una etapa del desarrollo caracterizada de manera diferente dependiendo del contexto y de la época analizada. En contextos industrializados, volverse adulto está marcado por la apreciación de la educación y especialización profesional, mientras que en los contextos tradicionales, la boda y formar una familia son apreciados. El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre estos marcadores característicos de la entrada en la edad adulta, su relación con las trayectorias de desarrollo y escolaridad. Participan de esto, 40 jóvenes, criados en el Estado del Río de Janeiro (RJ), con edades entre 18 y 25 años, de altos y bajos niveles de escolaridad. Los resultados mostraron que la escolaridad no interfiere en la elección de marcadores. Hubo asociación de la elección de marcadores y las trayectorias. Hemos concluido que aunque no hubo influencia de la escolaridad en contextos donde hay apreciación de autonomía, hay una tendencia por opciones individualistas, mientras que en los que hay apreciación de interdependencia hay una tendencia por opciones de marcadores relacionales. A pesar de limitaciones, como pequeño número de participantes, se cree que ha habido contribución a la literatura, ya que hay pocos estudios que incluyen la juventud brasileña.

Intervention mechanisms of Chinese materia medica on inflammatory injury of renal tissue with chronic nephropathy / 中草药

Chronic kidney disease is closely related to inflammation. Chinese materia medica (CMM) or their extracts can intervene in some signal transduction paths such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) path, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) path, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) path, and regulate cytokines, adhesion molecules, transcription factors, acceptor molecules, and enzyme molecules to resist inflammatory injury of renal tissue from multiple target points. Because of the interaction, network, and magnification of inflammatory injury factors, the action of CMM shows the characteristics, such as multi-point, pleiotropy, overlap, and so on. The target points of CMM on inflammatory injury are explored and their molecular mechanism plays an important role in the prevention and control of chronic kidney disease and study on new drug.

Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to hand-arm system during leisure cyclist activity

INTRODUCTION: The cycling activity has increased in recent years, either as a means of leisure or physical activity or as means of transport. Discomfort is one of the main complaints for cyclists, especially when related to the type o pavement they use while riding. This work presents a study of measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-arm vibration in the leisure cyclist activity in different pavements in order to classify according to vibration discomfort and to vibration injury risk. METHODS: Vibration measurements are performed for three pavement types, asphalt (AS), precast concrete slab (PC), and interlocking concrete blocks (BI), using two bicycle models (time trial speed racing bike, S and mountain bike, MB), and cyclists with different physical characteristics. It is performed a quantitative analysis of each configuration - pavement type × bike model × cyclist - where the daily vibration exposure A(8) is evaluated, as defined in ISO 5349-1 Standard, for 2h daily exposure. It is also evaluated the maximum daily exposure in order to reach limit values, as defined by Directive 2002/44/EC. RESULTS: Based on a subjective analysis (survey), it is evaluated the comfort degree for vibration exposure for each tested pavement, according to a survey within cyclists. Finally, the results are compared using both quantitative and subjective analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Not surprisingly, it has been noticed that the most comfortable pavement type is the asphalt pavement (AS), followed by the precast concrete pavement (PC) and by the interlocking concrete blocks pavement (BI), confirming the opinion pool within cyclists. As a new finding, for some pavement types, bikes and daily journey activities, the vibration levels may reach health limit levels which justify the originality of the work and the importance as guidance for healthy public decisions for new cycle paths.

Condições de vida e itinerários terapêuticos de quilombolas de Goiás / Living conditions and therapeutic paths in a quilombola community in Goiás, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as condições de vida e os itinerários terapêuticos de duas populações quilombolas do Estado de Goiás (Almeidas - comunidade rural e Jardim Cascata - comunidade urbana). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter quanti-qualitativo, com utilização de questionário familiar, entrevista semiestruturada com informantes-chave e observação participante. Foram feitas quatro visitas em cada comunidade nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Em relação às características gerais das comunidades, elas se assemelham entre si e entre populações de baixa renda em geral devido ao baixo nível de escolaridade, de renda e carência de saneamento básico. Os itinerários terapêuticos mobilizam saberes populares, religiosos e os conhecimentos biomédicos por meio do serviço público de saúde. Em Almeidas, são utilizadas, de forma seguida ou simultânea, a automedicação caseira e alopática. Uma senhora muito conhecida na região é responsável pelos tratamentos caseiros. No Jardim Cascata, os moradores utilizam principalmente a automedicação com remédios alopáticos, e os postos de saúde do bairro frequentemente estão sem profissionais para realizar o atendimento. As redes de apoio familiar são mais intensas em Almeidas do que no Jardim Cascata. Nas duas comunidades, os serviços de saúde estão, frequentemente, fechados devido à rotatividade de profissionais e precária infraestrutura. As duas comunidades apresentam determinações históricas que denunciam a falta de atenção pública e marginalização da população pobre...

The aim of this study was to investigate living conditions and therapeutic paths of two quilombola communities residing in the State of Goiás: Almeidas (rural community), Jardim Cascata (urban community). We conducted a quantitative and qualitative study through questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with key informants and observation of reality. Four visits were made to each community in the years 2010 and 2011. Concerning to the general characteristics, the communities presented a low level of education, low income and lack of basic sanitation. People at those communities mobilize popular, religious and biomedical knowledge in their treatments. At Almeidas, people self medicate using homemade and conventional medication simultaneously. There is an elderly lady who prepares homemade treatments. The people at Jardim Cascata use mainly conventional self-medication. Family support networks are more intense in Almeidas than Jardim Cascata. In both communities, health services are often closed due staff turnover and poor infrastructure. Moreover, the two communities have historical determinations based to a lack of attention from the public sector and marginalization of the poor population...

Idosos aposentados no mercado de trabalho informal: trajetórias ocupacionais na construção civil / Ancianos jubilados en el mercado de trabajo informal: las trayectorias laborales en la construcción civil / Retired elderly in informal labor market: occupational trajectories in civil construction

Diante do alto percentual de aposentados trabalhando em atividades penosas, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as trajetórias ocupacionais de aposentados que encontram no trabalho informal da construção civil uma forma de complementar os baixos valores das aposentadorias ou uma opção de permanecerem "ativos". O presente estudo foi desenvolvido numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados operários da construção da cidade de São Carlos -SP (Brasil). As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas de forma a recuperar a integralidade dos depoimentos, sendo os dados analisados em unidades temáticas. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho na construção é "uma necessidade familiar" para os entrevistados que procuram obter ganhos extras indispensáveis para manter as mesmas condições financeiras anteriores à aposentadoria. Diante da baixa escolaridade dos entrevistados, a construção foi uma das poucas opções restantes frente a um mercado de trabalho cada vez mais excludente.

Dado el alto porcentaje de jubilados que hacen un trabajan extenuantes, este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las trajetorias ocupacionais de los jubilados que están en el trabajo de construcción civil de manera informal para complementar los bajos valores de la jubilación o por la opción de permanecieren "activos". En un enfoque cualitativo, haciendo uso de la entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes son los trabajadores de la construcción de São Carlos-SP (Brasil). Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas con el fin de mantener la integridad de los testimonios, y fueran analizados en unidades temáticas. Los resultados revelan que el trabajo en la construcción es "una necesidad familiar" a los entrevistados, que buscan ingresos adicionales necesarios para mantener las mismas condiciones financieras anteriores a la jubilación. Dado el bajo nivel educativo, el trabajo en la construcción fue una de las pocas opciones que quedan en un mercado laboral cada vez más excluyente.

Due to the high percentage of retirees working in heavy activities, this article aims to examine the occupational histories of retirees who have found in the informal construction work a way to supplement the low values of retirement or an option to remain "active." This study was conducted on a qualitative approach, using the semi-structured interview. Construction workers were interviewed in São Carlos, São Paulo state (Brazil) and the interviews were taped and transcribed in order to recover the completeness of the testimony, and the data analyzed in thematic units. The results show that the work in construction is "a family need" to respondents seeking extra earnings necessary to maintain the same financial conditions before retirement. Given the low educational level of respondents, this sector was one of the few remaining options on labour market exclusion.

Where is my car? examining wayfinding behavior in a parking lot

This article examines wayfinding behavior in an extended parking lot belonging to one of the largest shopping malls in Santiago, Chile. About 500 people were followed while going to the mall and returning from it, and their trajectories were mapped and analyzed. The results indicate that inbound paths were, in average, 10% shorter that outbound paths, and that people stopped three times more frequently when leaving the mall than when accessing it. It is argued that these results are in line with previous research on the subject, which stress the importance of environmental information in shaping people`s behavior.

Tensiones en la construcción identitaria individualizada en el trabajo flexible / Tensions in individual identity construction in flexible working

El presente trabajo se propone una reflexión acerca de las tensiones y contradicciones de los procesos de construcción identitaria en el trabajo flexible, a partir de los resultados de una investigación en empresas chilenas. El análisis propone la existencia de dinámicas caracterizadas por la tensión entre los elementos heredados de la trayectoria y los aspectos deseados a nivel identitario, así como de las distancias y contradicciones existentes entre la dimensión individual y la colectiva de la construcción identitaria.

The article proposed a reflection on the tensions and contradictions of identity construction processes in flexible work, within the results of a research in some Chilean companies. The analysis suggests the existence of dynamics characterized by a tension between inherited elements from the trajectory and desired aspects in an identity level, as well as distances and contradictions between individual and collective dimensions of identity construction.