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Depression is one of the most common mental diseases characterized by mood disorders affecting around 322 million individuals in the world. Depression is a feeling of inadequacy, dejection, anhedonia, and decreased activity in any action. Previously acetyl-L-carnitine reported beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, neuroprotection, and some types of depression. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the combined effect of acetyl-L-carnitine and bupropion against experimental-induced depression. Albino rats were divided into different groups (each group contained six animals). Normal groups received saline (1 mL/kg, i.p.). The standard group received imipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The ALC group received acetyl-L-carnitine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), and the BPR group received bupropion (20 mg/kg, i.p.). T I and T II groups received acetyl-L-carnitine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) + Bupropion (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and acetyl-L-carnitine (80 mg/kg, i.p.) + Bupropion (30 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Antidepressant effects were assessed by forced swim test and sucrose preference test. In both models, the combined effect of the drug produced a significant (p < 0.05) antidepressant action as compared to the depression control group. Based on the findings, the combined effect of acetyl-L-carnitine and bupropion had a better therapeutic effect to combat depression as compared to individual treatments.
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Background: Preterm Neonates receiving intensive care are subjected to multiple painful procedures as part of their intensive care management. Pain leads to abnormal neurodevelopment, so it is extremely important to treat and reduce pain. Multiple studies have shown to be beneficial in pain control. Objective was to compare the efficacy of Kangaroo Mother Care with oral sucrose for pain management in premature neonates on heel prick.Methods: A total of 100 preterm neonates (28-36 weeks) who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Randomization was done and fifty participants per study arm were randomly assigned to the KMC and oral sucrose group. Preterm babies in the KMC group were given KMC for 15 minutes uninterrupted prior to heel prick. In oral sucrose group, two minutes prior to the procedure, baby received 0.5ml of 24% oral sucrose solution by syringe onto the tongue. The remainder of the total recommended dose was given as needed in small increments during the procedure. Assessment of pain done using PIPP. The post-procedural PIPP score was compared between KMC and oral sucrose groups.Results: Analysis of 100 preterm neonates (50 KMC and 50 oral sucrose) were done. Baseline variables were mean盨D gestational age 34.25�42 weeks, age 7.15�9 days, birth weight 1.72�32 kg. Post procedural PIPP score was less in KMC 5.16�58 group compared to oral sucrose 5.48�81 group but could not achieve statistical significance p=0.35, 95% CI=?0.99,0.35.Conclusions: KMC and oral sucrose are equally effective for pain management in premature neonates on heel prick but KMC is considered better compared to oral sucrose.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la influencia del consumo de hidratos de carbono (HCO) sobre el estado oxidante en mujeres con y sin diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y comparativo a dos grupos de 21 mujeres con y sin DMG, respectivamente, en la ciudad de Toluca, México, de enero a diciembre del 2022. Para evaluar parámetros sociodemográficos, se les aplicó un cuestionario de historia clínica; en cuanto a los parámetros antropométricos, se les midió peso corporal y estatura; y respecto a los parámetros bioquímicos, colesterol total (CT) y triglicéridos (TG). Para evaluar el estado oxidante/antioxidante se cuantificaron, como marcador oxidante, el malondihaldeído (MDA), y como antioxidantes, catalasa (cat), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT). Los hábitos dietéticos se evaluaron a través de un recordatorio de 24 horas, en ambos grupos de mujeres, para obtener los macronutrientes: proteínas, lípidos e HCO. A partir de los hidratos de carbono totales (HCOT), se calcularon los hidratos de carbono complejos (HCOC) e hidratos de carbono simples (HCOS) como la sacarosa. Para el cálculo de HCOS por día, se usó la lista de alimentos con contenido de sacarosa por cada 100 gramos de consumo que emplea el Sistema Mexicano de Equivalentes; para el análisis de dieta, se utilizó el programa Nutrikcal VO. Se usaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student para muestras independientes, U de Mann-Whitney para las variables no homogéneas y se realizó la correlación de Spearman (p < 0,05) en el programa SPSS, versión 19. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la diferencia entre los valores de CT (p < 0,029), TG (p < 0,029), las enzimas: cat (p < 0,011), SOD (p < 0,013), así como el MDA (p < 0,039), fueron significativamente mayores en las pacientes del grupo con DMG en comparación con el grupo sin DMG. Además, el grupo con DMG consumió mayor proporción de sacarosa. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con DMG tienen un desequilibrio en el estado oxidante/antioxidante influenciado por el tipo de HCO que consumen, en particular los HCOS como la sacarosa.
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the influence of carbohydrate (CHO) intake on oxidative status among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and comparative study was carried out with two groups of 21 women each with and without GDM in the city of Toluca, Mexico, from January to December 2022. The sociodemographic parameters were determined by administering the patients a medical history questionnaire; anthropometric parameters such as body weight and height were measured; and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were calculated. The oxidant/antioxidant status was assessed as follows: malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker; and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as antioxidants. Dietary habits were evaluated through a 24-hour reminder in both groups of women to obtain the macronutrient classes, i.e., proteins, fats and CHOs. Based on the total carbohydrates (TCHOs), complex (CCHOs) and simple carbohydrates (SCHOs) such as sucrose were calculated. SCHOs per day were measured using the list of foods with sucrose content per 100 grams according to the Mexican Food Equivalence System (SMAE). The NutriKcal VO program was used for the dietary analysis. Statistical tests such as Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for the independent samples and nonhomogeneous variables, respectively, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was determined using the IBM SPSS Statistics V19. Results: The results showed that the difference between the levels of TC (p < 0.029), TG (p < 0.029), enzymes CAT (p < 0.011) and SOD (p < 0.013), as well as MDA (p < 0.039) was significantly higher among patients in the group with GDM compared to that in the group without GDM. In addition, the group with GDM consumed a higher proportion of sucrose. Conclusions: Women with GDM have an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant status, influenced by the type of CHO they consume, particularly SCHOs such as sucrose.
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Objective To investigate the application of intravenous iron in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUD)and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in gynecology,to establish the drug utilization evaluation(DUE)standard,and to comprehensively evaluate the rationality of the clinical application of intravenous iron by analytic hierarchy process(AHP),so as to provide reference for the rational use of intravenous iron in clinical practice.Methods The medical records of patients with AUD and IDA from January to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology were collected,and the special rationality of the drug was evaluated from the aspects of indications,route and frequency of administration,daily dosage,solvent,combination medication,and contraindications of iron sucrose injection,and the DUE standard of the drug was formulated.AHP was used to analyze and evaluate 113 archived cases of intravenous iron in gynecology from January to December 2022.Results A total of 113 patients were treated with iron sucrose injection,and the indications,route of administration,solvent,contraindications,and allergic reactions were reasonable.The main unreasonableness was that the frequency of administration was inappropriate,the daily dose was inappropriate,the combination was not appropriate,the total iron supplement was not up to standard,and there was no continuous drug monitoring after medication.The case scores 90～100,70～<90 and 60～<70 were 6(5.31%),106(93.81%)and 1(0.88%),respectively.Conclusion Patients with AUD and IDA should pay attention to the dosage,total amount of iron supplementation,combined application of drugs and continuous medication monitoring after intravenous iron supplementation,so as to improve the rationality of their use.
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Abstract Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the clinical effects of ferric carboxymaltose therapy compared to other intravenous iron in improving hemoglobin and serum ferritin in pregnant women. We also assessed the safety of ferric carboxymaltose vs. other intravenous iron. Data source: EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for trials related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women, published between 2005 and 2021. We also reviewed articles from google scholar. The keywords "ferric carboxymaltose," "FCM," "intravenous," "randomized," "pregnancy," "quality of life," and "neonatal outcomes" were used to search the literature. The search was limited to pregnant women. Selection of studies: Studies related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy were scanned. Observational studies, review articles, and case reports were excluded. Randomized studies in pregnant women involving ferric carboxymaltose and other intravenous iron formulations were shortlisted. Of 256 studies, nine randomized control trials were selected. Data collection: Two reviewers independently extracted data from nine selected trials Data synthesis: The final effect size for increase in hemoglobin after treatment was significant for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 0.89g/dl [95% confidence interval 0.27,1.51]). The final effect size for the increase in ferritin after treatment was more for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 22.53µg/L [-7.26, 52.33]). No serious adverse events were reported with ferric carboxymaltose or other intravenous iron. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose demonstrated better efficacy than other intravenous iron in increasing hemoglobin and ferritin levels in treating iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.
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Background: Anaemia is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ferric carboxy maltose is a novel iron preparation which can treat anaemia faster and more effectively. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FCM in pregnancy and also to compare the same with Iron sucrose in pregnancy.Methods: This was a Prospective, Hospital based, Comparative study performed on 120 women who attended the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at KIMS, Hubli for a duration of one and a half years (2017-18). The patients received either FCM or Iron sucrose, with 60 participants in each group.Results: Among 120 subjects, 75% of the patients had microcytic, hypochromic anaemia, 1.4% had dimorphic anaemia.38.33% of patients had moderate anaemia (Hb 6-7.9g/dl). After FCM infusion, rise in Hb at 2 weeks was 1.5g/dl and at 4 weeks was 2.9 g/dl. Serum ferritin levels raised by 36.7 and 63.1 mcg/l at 2 and 4 weeks with FCM respectively. On comparison with Iron sucrose, the Hb rise was statistically better with FCM at 4 weeks, whereas the ferritin levels were significantly improved with FCM at both 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Side effects in mild form occurred in 7.5% of the subjects.Conclusions: FCM is a safe, effective alternative to other parenteral iron therapies, offering faster correction of anaemia and iron replenishment. Its use in pregnancy will significantly reduce the burden of maternal mortality and morbidity.
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Background: Anemia among pregnant women is a serious global health concern. Anemia is a major hematological, nutritional deficiency but still a manageable health problem among the pregnant women and very common in developing countries like India in under privileged population. Increased morbidity and mortality is seen in pregnant women and their foetuses suffering from anemia. Aim of this study was to study safety and efficacy of injection ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia.Methods: This is a Prospective interventional comparative randomized study carried among antenatal women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. N. Medical College, Agra from (May 2021-October 2022), comprised of 200 pregnant women divided into two groups. Group A-100 antenatal women were transfused with iron sucrose (IS), Group B-100 antenatal women were transfused with ferric carboxymaltose (FCM).Results: In FCM group after 3 weeks of post transfusion hemoglobin level was 10.5�44 and in iron sucrose group it was 9.9�59 (p=0.0001). 6 week post transfusion hemoglobin level in FCM group was 11.37�62 and in iron sucrose group it was 10.45�59 (p=0.0001). Average rise in hemoglobin in FCM group after 3 week post transfusion was 2.9�02 and after 6 week it was 3.77�16. In iron sucrose group at 3 week it was 2.1�06 and at 6 week it was 2.65�04. The average rise in hemoglobin level was greater among patients of FCM compared to Iron sucrose group.Conclusions: Ferric carboxymaltose was safe and more effective in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women as compared to iron sucrose with lesser side effect and better patient compliance.
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Tuberose flower (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is a perennial and bulbous flowering plant, related to the Amaryllidaceae family and now it is placed in family Agavaceae. The investigation entitled “Influence of different pulsing solutions on postharvest life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Prajwal” was carried out at the experimental farm and laboratory of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, SVPUAT, Meerut during the year of 2021-22 & 2022-23. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. In the present experiment we aimed at prolonging the vase life and improving the quality of cut spike of tuberose by Pulsing or hydration procedure using different noble treatments in tuberose, as the main challenge was to reduce abscission of buds, initiation of bud opening mechanism and leaf yellowing due to the sensitivity, vascular infections, high rate of respiration and inhibition of ethylene production. These differences in physiological behavior of cut stem dipped in different pulsing solution are very important to consider when developing post harvest physiology of tuberose. In the present finding we have primarily focused and observed under the light of pertinent literature available substantiated with robust evidence thus we derived the overall best treatment for different parameters for improving the vase life of tuberose that were recorded under the treatment T9 (Sucrose 15% + 8-HQC 300 ppm) followed by the treatment T6 (Sucrose 10% + 8-HQC 300 ppm) and T8 (Sucrose 15% + 8-HQC 200 ppm) resulted in most of the postharvest parameters such as amount of pulsing solution consumed (13.16, 15.82 ml), days taken to opening of floret (2.53, 2.54 days), floret diameter (3.38, 3.40 cm), vase life (10.78, 10.80 days), weight change/loss in cut spike (13.29 %, 14.52 %), fungal infection, fragrance score (2.95, 2.96), freshness index (4.97, 4.98) and moisture content (89.89, 85.60, 83.21%).
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The objective of this experiment was to optimize the post-harvest handling techniques for four Ixora genotypes grown for loose flower purpose. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomised Design (FCRD) with four genotypes namely viz., Red (Ixora casei-G1), Pink (I. chinensis-G2), Orange (I. coccinea-G3) and Yellow (I. chinensis-G4) and six post-harvest treatments replicated three times. Observations were made on the floral quality criteria as well as the physiological characters linked with flower post-harvest quality. The results revealed that among the genotypes, Red (I. casei-G1) proved superior with respect to quality parameters and physiological parameters followed by Pink (I. chinensis-G2). Among the post-harvest treatments, treating flower buds with 4% boric acid and storage under refrigeration @ 50C recorded superior results for all the quality parameters viz., freshness index, flower opening index, colour retention and shelf life and the physiological parameters viz., moisture content, relative water content and physiological loss in weight.
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Pear is a gently sweet fruit, arich source of several nutrientsincludingfiber, sugar, vitamin C molecules, and potassium. This article reports the history, consumption, Types, health benefits, and diseases of various fruit juices. Carbohydrates, Fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, fibers, vitamins, and minerals are prime constituents present in almost all juices. The nutrition composition, manufacturing technique, processing steps, specification, stability data, contamination, and related details of pear juice are discussed in this review. The pharmacological and functional applications of pear juice like Anti-diabetic, Anti-hyperlipidemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Cardio-protective, etc. are covered with their mechanism of action. The marketed preparation and patents are also highlighted. Moreover, the analytical estimation of active constituents by spectroscopy and chromatography [like UV, HPLC, UPLC, and mass spectroscopy] isexplained in this article. The physic-chemical properties, synthesis, chemistry, biological study, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of fructose, sucrose, and ascorbic acid, which are chief phytoconstituents in pear juice, are explained in the present article. This review suggests therapeutic pharmacological andanalytical techniques available for estimating sucrose, fructose, and ascorbic acid analytically and bioanalytically. This will contribute in creating a straightforward and verified procedure that complies with green chemistry.
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Background: Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. The standard treatment in majority of the institutions is oral iron, with blood transfusion reserved for severe or emergency cases. However, it is unreliable in the treatment of severe anemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron administration for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Methods: Hundred women with gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks with established iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin between 6-8g/dL were randomized to receive either oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg thrice daily or required dose of intravenous iron sucrose 200 mg in 200 ml NS on alternate days. Hemoglobin was measured at recruitment and on 2nd week, 4th week and at 37 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were also noted in both the groups. Results were analyzed by student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Haemoglobin values varied significantly with time between the two groups at second week, 4th week and at term (p<0.005). When compared to iron sucrose group, the oral iron group had significant gastro-intestinal adverse effects. Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose treated iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy faster, and more effectively than oral iron therapy, with no serious adverse drug reactions.
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Background: Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. The standard treatment in majority of the institutions is oral iron, with blood transfusion reserved for severe or emergency cases. However, it is unreliable in the treatment of severe anemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron administration for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Methods: Hundred women with gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks with established iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin between 6-8g/dL were randomized to receive either oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg thrice daily or required dose of intravenous iron sucrose 200 mg in 200 ml NS on alternate days. Hemoglobin was measured at recruitment and on 2nd week, 4th week and at 37 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were also noted in both the groups. Results were analyzed by student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Haemoglobin values varied significantly with time between the two groups at second week, 4th week and at term (p<0.005). When compared to iron sucrose group, the oral iron group had significant gastro-intestinal adverse effects. Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose treated iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy faster, and more effectively than oral iron therapy, with no serious adverse drug reactions.
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Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common haematological health problem among pregnant women but can be prevented by effective measure. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in comparison with intravenous Iron sucrose (IS) for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.Methods: A prospective interventional comparative study was conducted from (June 2021-June 2022) at a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant women diagnosed with moderate to severe iron deficiency anaemia were screened for the study. One hundred patients were randomized to receive either intravenous FCM or IS. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by repeat Haemoglobin (Hb) and RBC indices measurement after 4 weeks of completion of therapy. Safety was assessed by analysis of adverse drug reactions during infusion and 2 hours after infusion.Results: Mean rise in Hb at 4 weeks was significantly higher in FCM group (1.67±0.47 Vs 1.07±0.25; p<0.0001) as compared to IS group. There was also rise in other biochemical parameters like MCV and MCHC in both groups. Numbers of visits were significantly less in FCM group. No serious adverse events were noted in either group.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is more effective and safer as compared to intravenous iron sucrose in the management of anemia during pregnancy. It has advantage to administer large dose in single sitting which reduce overall cost of therapy and hence will lead to better compliance in community setting.
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Resumen Se reconoce la participación de la oxitocina en el control de la alimentación, pero su mecanismo de acción no se ha establecido totalmente. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del acceso intermitente a una solución de sacarosa, sobre la expresión de las neuronas del núcleo paraventricular (PVN) y del núcleo supraótico (SON) que producen oxitocina (Oxt), y caracterizar la microestructura de la conducta de beber en ratas saciadas. Se tuvieron tres grupos de ratas macho Wistar saciadas, y en la primera hora al inicio del periodo de luz, el grupo Control tuvo agua, el grupo Restringido 5g de una solución de sacarosa al 20% y el grupo Ad libitum acceso libre a la solución de sacarosa. Los sujetos incrementaron el consumo de la solución de sacarosa a pesar de estar saciados; debido a la interrupción del estado de saciedad y la demora de la satisfacción. La actividad de las neuronas de Oxt se incrementó en ambos núcleos, en el grupo Restringido la mayor expresión se observó en el SON y en el grupo Ad libitum en el PVN. No se encontró correlación entre la cantidad de bebida ingerida y la actividad de las neuronas Oxt.
Abstract The role of oxytocin in feeding control is recognized, but its mechanism of action has not been fully established. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of intermittent access to a sucrose solution on the expression of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraotic nucleus (SON) neurons that produce oxytocin (Oxt), and to characterize the microstructure of drinking behavior in satiated rats. Three groups of male Wistar rats satiated were used, and in the first hour at the beginning of the light period, a Control group had water, a Restricted group 5g of a 20% sucrose solution and Ad libitum group with free access to sucrose solution. The experimental subjects increased the consumption of the sucrose solution despite being satiated, due to the interruption of the state of satiety and the delay of the satiation process. Oxt neurons increased their activity in both nuclei, in the Restricted group the highest expression was observed in the SON and in the Ad libitum group in the PVN. No correlation was found between the amount of drink ingested and the activity of Oxt neurons.
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Objectives: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency among pregnant women in India. Iron can be supplemented orally or intravenously to treat IDA. Intravenous supplementation of iron can be risky as there is more possibility for the production of free iron in circulation. The role of free iron in the generation of free radicals and thereby oxidative stress is well known. The present study tends to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant status of intravenous iron sucrose treated pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Twenty pregnant women with moderate IDA (Hb: 7–9.9 g/dl) were included in the present study. Blood samples were collected before and after the treatment with intravenous iron sucrose to measure antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation marker such as malondialdehyde. Results: In the present study, plasma malondialdehyde levels were increased significantly after the treatment with intravenous iron sucrose. No significant alterations were observed in the levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Conclusion: In the present study, intravenous iron sucrose infusion was associated with oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation in antenatal women with IDA. Hence, treatment with antioxidants during iron infusions can be considered
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Background: Anemia is one of the most common medical complications encountered during pregnancy. India is among the countries with maximum prevalence of anemia in the world. The commonly used treatment for iron-deficiency anemia is oral iron preparations such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, and parenteral iron sucrose. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the mean change in the hemoglobin levels from baseline up to 60th day of treatment with different iron supplements and to assess its cost effectiveness ratio. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional clinical end point study conducted at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India, from December 2019 to December 2020, among 84 antenatal women (>14 weeks) with iron-deficiency anemia. After getting ethics committee approval, the participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized to respective treatment groups. Group 1 (n = 21) received ferrous sulfate 200 mg, Group 2 (n = 21) received ferrous ascorbate 200 mg, Group 3 (n = 21) received ferrous fumarate 200 mg twice daily for a period of 60 days, and Group 4 (n = 21) received Iron sucrose 200 mg, based on iron requirement in divided doses and administered once in 2 weeks for a period of 60 days. Hemoglobin (Hb), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume, mea n corpuscular Hb (MCH), MCHC, WBC, platelet count, and cost of the treatment were assessed before and at the end of 60 days. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software version 7.0 using Student “t”-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: We observed a significant (P < 0.001) rise in the mean Hb level from 10.4 ± 0.4, 10.4 ± 0.5, 10.4 ± 0.5 and 8.5 ± 0.3 to 11.2 ± 0.6 (P = 0.0001), 11.1 ± 0.6 (P = 0.0001), 11.3 ± 0.8(P = 0.0001), and 10.9 ± 0.6 (P = 0.0001) in Group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average cost effectiveness ratio, with respect to Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was Rs. 675, Rs. 1782.9, Rs. 1110.7, and Rs. 786.7 per increase in Hb%, respectively. Conclusion: The outcome of this study proved the effective role of various oral ferrous iron preparations and all of them were found to be equally efficacious in improving the Hb concentration. However, the injectable iron sucrose showed a significant improvement in mean hemoglobin percentage compared to the various oral preparations. However, on analyzing the cost-effectiveness ratio, it was found out that the cost incurred per increase in Hb% was less in ferrous sulfate group, followed by iron sucrose, ferrous fumarate, and ferrous ascorbate. The results of this study can be helpful in pharmacoeconomical decision making while selecting a cost effective iron supplement for treating iron-deficiency anemia.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.
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Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anemia Ferropénica/epidemiología , Sacarosa/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Férricos/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hierro/uso terapéutico , Hemoglobinas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Sweet potato is an important food crop that can also be used as an industrial raw material. Sucrose is the main form of long-distance carbohydrate transport in plants, and sucrose transporter (SUT) regulates the transmembrane transport and distribution of sucrose during plant growth and metabolism. Moreover, SUT plays a key role in phloem mediated source-to-sink sucrose transport and physiological activities, supplying sucrose for the sink tissues. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequences of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning according to the transcripts of the two SUT coding genes which were differentially expressed in sweet potato storage roots with different starch properties. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to clarify the classification of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616. The subcellular localization of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 was determined by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The function of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sucrose and hexose absorption and transport was identified using yeast functional complementarity system. The expression pattern of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sweet potato organs were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Arabidopsis plants heterologous expressing IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 genes were obtained using floral dip method. The differences in starch and sugar contents between transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis were compared. The results showed IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 encoded SUT proteins with a length of 505 and 521 amino acids, respectively, and both proteins belonged to the SUT1 subfamily. IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were located in the cell membrane and were able to transport sucrose, glucose and fructose in the yeast system. In addition, IbSUT62788 was also able to transport mannose. The expression of IbSUT62788 was higher in leaves, lateral branches and main stems, and the expression of IbSUT81616 was higher in lateral branches, stems and storage roots. After IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, the plants grew normally, but the biomass increased. The heterologous expression of IbSUT62788 increased the soluble sugar content, leaf size and 1 000-seed weight of Arabidopsis plants. Heterologous expression of IbSUT81616 increased starch accumulation in leaves and root tips and 1 000-seed weight of seeds, but decreased soluble sugar content. The results obtained in this study showed that IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 might be important genes regulating sucrose and sugar content traits in sweet potato. They might carry out physiological functions on cell membrane, such as transmembrane transport of sucrose, sucrose into and out of sink tissue, as well as transport and unloading of sucrose into phloem. The changes in traits result from their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis indicates their potential in improving the yield of other plants or crops. The results obtained in this study provide important information for revealing the functions of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in starch and glucose metabolism and formation mechanism of important quality traits in sweet potato.
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Ipomoea batatas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Sacarosa/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , ADN Complementario , Filogenia , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Almidón/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las PlantasRESUMEN
@#Objective To express the sucrose isomerase(SI) fused with the tetrameric coiled-coil domain of the cell surface protein tetrabrachion(TdoT),and study the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzymes.Methods The gene of SI fused with TdoT at the N/C terminus was cloned into the expression vectors respectively to construct the recombinant expression vectors pET-24a-TdoT-SI and pET-24b-SI-TdoT,which were transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced to express recombinant enzymes.The enzymatic properties and product specificity of the purified recombinant enzymes were studied.Results TdoT-SI and SI-TdoT were expressed as inclusion bodies with catalytic activity,while SI inclusion bodies without TdoT showed no catalytic activity.The results of enzymatic property analysis showed that the optimum reaction temperature for TdoT-SI and SI-TdoT active inclusion bodies was 40 ℃,and the optimum reaction pH was 5.5 and 5.0,respectively.The K_m of TdoT-SI active inclusion bodies was(103.9±9.5) mmol/L and the k_(cat)/K_m was(0.06±0.002) L/(mmol·s),while the K_m of SI-TdoT active inclusion bodies was(54.4±6.6) mmol/L and the k_(cat)/K_m was(0.03±0.002) L/(mmol·s).The results of product specificity analysis exhibited that the proportion of isomaltulose in the product did not change significantly,while the proportion of trehalose decreased,and the proportion of monosaccharides increased with increasing reaction temperature.Conclusion The active inclusion bodies of SI fused with coiled-coil domain were successfully prepared by fusion expression technology.As a novel self-immobilized enzyme,it has the advantage of simultaneous expression and immobilization,which provides a new strategy for large-scale preparation and efficient utilization of recombinant SI.
RESUMEN
Abstract The medicinal attributes of honey appears to overshadow its importance as a functional food. Consequently, several literatures are rife with ancient uses of honey as complementary and alternative medicine, with relevance to modern day health care, supported by evidence-based clinical data, with little attention given to honey's nutritional functions. The moisture contents of honey extracted from University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore honey bee farm was 12.19% while that of natural source was 9.03 ± 1.63%. Similarly, ash and protein contents of farmed honey recorded were 0.37% and 5.22%, respectively. Whereas ash and protein contents of natural honey were 1.70 ± 1.98% and 6.10 ± 0.79%. Likewise fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of farmed source documented were 0.14%, 1.99% and 62.26% respectively. Although fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of honey taken from natural resource were 0.54 ± 0.28%, 2.76 ± 1.07% and 55.32 ± 2.91% respectively. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Similarly, sucrose and maltose contents of farmed honey were 2.5% and 12% while in natural honey were 1.35 ± 0.49% and 8.00 ± 1.41% respectively. The present study indicates that such as moisture, carbohydrates, sucrose and maltose contents were higher farmed honey as compared to the natural honey. In our recommendation natural honey is better than farmed honey.
Resumo Os atributos medicinais do mel parecem ofuscar sua importância como alimento funcional. Consequentemente, várias literaturas estão repletas de usos antigos do mel como medicina complementar e alternativa, com relevância para os cuidados de saúde modernos, apoiados por dados clínicos baseados em evidências, com pouca atenção dada às funções nutricionais do mel. O teor de umidade do mel extraído da Universidade de Veterinária e Ciências Animais, fazenda de abelhas de Lahore, foi de 12,19%, enquanto o de fonte natural foi de 9,03 ± 1,63%. Da mesma forma, os teores de cinzas e proteínas do mel cultivado foram de 0,37% e 5,22%, respectivamente. Já os teores de cinzas e proteínas do mel natural foram de 1,70 ± 1,98% e 6,10 ± 0,79%. Da mesma forma, os teores de gordura, fibra dietética e carboidratos de origem cultivada documentados foram de 0,14%, 1,99% e 62,26%, respectivamente. Embora os teores de gordura, fibra alimentar e carboidratos do mel retirado dos recursos naturais fossem de 0,54 ± 0,28%, 2,76 ± 1,07% e 55,32 ± 2,91%, respectivamente. Os conteúdos de glicose e frutose do mel retirado da fazenda de abelhas foram de 27% e 34%, mas a fonte natural foi de 22,50 ± 2,12% e 28,50 ± 3,54%. Os conteúdos de glicose e frutose do mel retirado da fazenda de abelhas foram de 27% e 34%, mas a fonte natural foi de 22,50 ± 2,12% e 28,50 ± 3,54%. Da mesma forma, os teores de sacarose e maltose no mel cultivado foram de 2,5% e 12%, enquanto no mel natural foram de 1,35 ± 0,49% e 8,00 ± 1,41%, respectivamente. O presente estudo indica que os teores de umidade, carboidratos, sacarose e maltose foram maiores no mel cultivado em comparação ao mel natural. Em nossa recomendação, o mel natural é melhor que o mel de cultivo.