Beyond the ‘tic’ king clock: a case report on adult onset tic disorder

Tic is rapid recurrent non-rhythmic motor movement or vocalization; movement of limbs or other body parts is known as motor tic and involuntary repetitive sound like grunting sniffing throat clearing is known as a vocal tic. Tic is a neurodevelopmental disorder and has its onset in the developmental period. According to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illnesses (DSM) 5, tic should have its onset before 18 years of age and can resolve with proper treatment. In this case, a 23-year-old female presented with recurrent abnormal throat clearing and excessive loud sounds which started for the last 1 year. Initially, she was diagnosed with psychogenic hiccup in another department and was treated with Baclofen 30 mg for 1 month but as no improvement was observed later she was referred to psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) for further treatment where she was diagnosed with adult onset vocal tic with a premonitory urge for tics scale (PUTS) score of 27 on admission and she was treated with tablet Risperidone 2 mg and after 4 weeks of treatment all symptoms subside and PUTS score came to be 6 at the time of discharge.

Percepción de estudiantes a distancia sobre la influencia de las TIC en su formación académica / Perception of distance students on the influence of ICT on their academic education / Percepções dos alunos à distância sobre a influência das TICs em sua formação acadêmica

RESUMEN Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la educación y los avances tecnológicos, es decir conforme la tecnología evoluciona, así mismo la educación debería ir a la vanguardia de estos avances tecnológicos, incorporándolos en sus procesos de formación académica. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada en el Centro Tutorial de San Juan Nepomuceno de la Universidad de Cartagena (Cartagena-Colombia); cuyo objetivo fue determinar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la influencia de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en su formación académica, partiendo de las herramientas tecnológicas puestas a su disposición por parte de la institución objeto de estudio. La metodología fue de tipo descriptiva, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre las TIC en la educación, posteriormente se elaboraron, evaluaron y aplicaron los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de la información. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre la influencia de las TIC en su formación académica es altamente significativa, además consideran que la institución en cuestión debe mejorar su infraestructura tecnológica. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL 123, O32, O33, M15, Q55, 123

ABSTRACT There is a directly proportional relationship between education and technological advances, that is, as technology evolves, education should also be at the forefront of these technological advances, incorporating them into their academic training processes. This article presents the results of the research carried out at the Centro Tutorial de San Juan Nepomuceno of the University of Cartagena (Cartagena-Colombia); whose objective was to determine the perception of students about the influence of Information and Communication Technologies -ICT- in their academic training, based on the technological tools made available by the institution under study. The methodology was descriptive; a literature review was conducted on ICT in education. Subsequently the instruments used to collect information were developed, evaluated, and applied. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the perception that students have about the influence of ICT in their academic training is highly significant, they also consider that the institution in question must improve its technological infrastructure. JEL CLASSIFICATION 123, O32, O33, M15, Q55, 123

RESUMO Existe uma relação diretamente proporcional entre a educação e os avanços tecnológicos, ou seja, à medida que a tecnologia evolui, a educação deve estar na vanguarda desses avanços tecnológicos, incorporando-os aos seus processos de formação acadêmica. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada no Centro Tutorial San Juan Nepomuceno da Universidade de Cartagena (Cartagena-Colômbia), cujo objetivo foi determinar a percepção dos alunos sobre a influência das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em sua formação acadêmica, com base nas ferramentas tecnológicas disponibilizadas pela instituição em estudo. A metodologia foi descritiva, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as TIC na educação e, em seguida, foram desenvolvidos, avaliados e aplicados os instrumentos utilizados para coletar as informações. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a percepção dos alunos sobre a influência das TIC em sua formação acadêmica é altamente significativa, e eles também consideram que a instituição em questão deve melhorar sua infraestrutura tecnológica. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: 123, O32, O33, M15, Q55, 123

Herramientas digitales y aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de educación inicial de Lima Metropolitana / Digital tools and cooperative learning in initial education teachers in Metropolitan Lima / Ferramentas digitais e aprendizagem cooperativa em professores de educação inicial em Lima Metropolitana

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el manejo de herramientas digitales y el aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de Educación Inicial de Lima Metropolitana, 2023. El enfoque es cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo-correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 230 docentes de Educación Inicial provenientes de 12 instituciones educativas. A este grupo se le aplicó dos cuestionarios: uno para medir las herramientas digitales y otro para el aprendizaje cooperativo: confiabilidad (0.98; 0,87). En función de los resultados, para las herramientas digitales se indicó que el 48.3% (111) se ubica en el nivel medio y el 40% (92) en el nivel alto; para el aprendizaje cooperativo, el 95.7% (220) se ubica en el nivel alto; además, el p-valor del coeficiente de relación fue rho= 0.024. El estudio concluyó que existe relación entre las herramientas digitales y el aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de Educación Inicial en Lima Metropolitana.

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the management of digital tools and cooperative learning in Initial Education teachers of Metropolitan Lima, 2023. The approach is quantitative with a descriptive-correlational scope, the sample consisted of 230 Initial Education teachers from 12 educational institutions. Two questionnaires were applied to this group: one to measure digital tools and another for cooperative learning: reliability (0.98; 0.87). Based on the results, for digital tools it was indicated that 48.3% (111) are located at the medium level and 40% (92) at the high level; for cooperative learning, 95.7% (220) are located at the high level; In addition, the p-value of the relationship coefficient was rho= 0.024. The study concluded that there is a relationship between digital tools and cooperative learning in Initial Education teachers in Metropolitan Lima.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a relação entre o uso de ferramentas digitais e a aprendizagem cooperativa em professores da Educação Inicial da Região Metropolitana de Lima, 2023. A abordagem é quantitativa com escopo descritivo-correlacional, a amostra foi composta por 230 professores da Educação Inicial de 12 instituições de ensino. Foram aplicados dois questionários a esse grupo: um para mensurar ferramentas digitais e outro para aprendizagem cooperativa: confiabilidade (0,98; 0,87). Com base nos resultados, para as ferramentas digitais foi indicado que 48,3% (111) estão localizadas no nível médio e 40% (92) no nível alto; para a aprendizagem cooperativa, 95,7% (220) estão no nível alto; Além disso, o valor p do coeficiente de relacionamento foi rho= 0,024. O estudo concluiu que existe uma relação entre ferramentas digitais e aprendizagem cooperativa em professores de Educação Infantil na Região Metropolitana de Lima.

Validación de instrumento para evaluar multitarea y actitudes tecnológicas en universitarios de ciencias de la salud / Validation of an instrument to assess multitasking and technological attitudes in health sciences university students

Resumen Los hábitos tecnológicos de los estudiantes universitarios, actitudes y aptitudes de una sociedad cibernética cada vez consumida por la tecnología, la relación entre la cotidianidad y el ambiente académico generan varios factores como es el manejo de la multitarea. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar un instrumento de medición de la multitarea y las actitudes hacia la tecnología en estudiantes del área de salud mediante el análisis factorial. Para lograrlo se recolectaron 442 observaciones, se utilizó en el análisis de datos un enfoque con métodos estadísticos factoriales para este caso el exploratorio. Previamente el instrumento fue valorado por docentes del área, el mismo que tuvo un coeficiente de confiabilidad de 0,90. Finalmente, se estructuró el instrumento de escala de multitarea y de actitudes hacia las tecnologías constituido por 17 ítems, que se agruparon en 6 factores como la actitud positiva; actitud negativa; ansiedad/dependencia; percepciones; multitarea/redes sociales; multitarea/trabajo. los resultados arrojaron un modelo que explicó el 63% de la varianza, con una raíz cuadrada media de los residuos de 0,07. La estructura factorial identificada y validada por el método estadístico de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, ha logrado brindar una base sólida para evaluar estas dimensiones en el contexto de universitarios ecuatorianos de ciencias de la salud en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract The technological habits, attitudes, and aptitudes of university students in a cybernetic society are increasingly consumed by technology. The relationship between everyday life and the academic environment generates several factors, such as multitasking management. This study aimed to validate an instrument for measuring multitasking and attitudes towards technology in health students through factor analysis. To achieve this, 442 observations were collected; an approach with factorial statistical methods was used in the data analysis for this exploratory case. Previously, teachers in the area evaluated the instrument with a reliability coefficient of 0,90. Finally, the multitasking and attitudes towards technologies scale instrument was structured, consisting of 17 items grouped into six factors: Positive Attitude, Negative attitude, Anxiety/Dependency, Perceptions, Multitasking/Social Networks, and Multitasking/Working. The results showed a model that explained 63% of the variance, with a root mean square of the residuals of 0,07. The factor structure identified and validated by the statistical method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis has provided a solid basis for evaluating these dimensions in the context of Ecuadorian health sciences university students in future research.

Pathogenesis and Differentiated Treatment Strategies of Childhood Tic Disorders Based on WANG Xugao's “Thirty Methods of Treating the Liver” / 中医杂志

Based on WANG Xugao's “thirty methods of treating the liver”， it is believed that the occurrence and development of childhood tic disorders follow the dynamic progression from liver qi disease to liver fire disease and then liver wind disease. The basic pathogenesis of three stages are characterized by binding constraint of liver qi， liver fire hyperactivity， and internal stirring of liver wind. Moreover， liver-blood deficiency and stagnation， and malnutrition of liver yin as the main point in terms of the imbalance of liver qi， blood， yin， and yang should be considered， as well as the imbalance relationship of the five zang organs such as the involvement of other organs and the gradually reach of the other organs. Guided by the principles of “thirty methods of treating the liver”， the treatment of tic disorders in liver qi stage should focus on soothing the liver and rectifying qi， soothing the liver and unblocking the collaterals， using Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） and Sini Powder （四逆散）. The treatment of tic disorders in liver fire stage involves clearing， draining and resolving liver heat， using Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤）， Xieqing Pill （泻青丸）， Danggui Longhui Pill （当归龙荟丸）， and Huagan Decoction （化肝煎）. The treatment of tic disorders in liver wind stage involves extinguishing wind and subduing yang， using Lingjiao Gouteng Decoction （羚角钩藤汤） and Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸）. Throughout the treatment process， attention should be paid to harmonizing the liver's qi， blood， yin， and yang， as well as addressing the pathology of other organs.

Progress on the mechanism of comorbidity of tic disorder and allergic diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

Tic disorder（TD）is a complex chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by rapid，involuntary，non-hythmic，single or multi-part muscle movement or vocal twitching. Both TD and allergic diseases are related to the body's immune imbalance.The symptoms involve different parts or organs，and the pathogenesis are complex，which seriously affect the quality of life.Clinical studies have found a clear correlation between TD and allergic diseases，but the relationship mechanism is still unclear，mainly involving neuro-immune cross-disorders.This paper reviews the research progress of the relevant mechanisms of TD and allergic diseases，in order to enhance the cognition of the two diseases，and provide new ideas and directions for the etiological research and treatment of TD.

Clinical Observation on the Modified Huangan Lipi Decoction Combined with Acupuncture at Sifeng Points in the Treatment of Children with Tic Disorders / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the modified Huangan Lipi Decoction(mainly composed of Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Polygalae Radix,Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma,and Curcumae Radix)combined with acupuncture at Sifeng(EX-UE10)points in the treatment of children with tic disorders(TD).Methods Seventy cases of TD children with spleen deficiency and liver hyperactivity syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine of Tiapride Hydrochloride Tablets,while the treatment group was treated with the combination of the modified Huangan Lipi Decoction and acupuncture at Sifeng points.Both groups were treated for 8 weeks.The changes of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)item scores of tic muscle group,tic frequency,tic intensity,complexity and interference degree as well as their total scores in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Moreover,the clinical efficacy and safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.57%(31/35),and that of the control group was 68.57%(24/35).The intergroup comparison showed that the total effective rate(tested by chi-square test)and the overall therapeutic efficacy(tested by rank-sum test)of the treatment group were significantly superior to those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the YGTSS item scores of tic muscle group,tic frequency,tic intensity,complexity and interference degree as well as their total scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the effect on lowering the above scores of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group,the differences being all statistically significant(P＜0.01).(3)During the treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 2.86%(1/35)and that in the control group was 8.57%(3/35).The intergroup comparison showed that the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group tended to be lower than that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Modified Huangan Lipi Decoction combined with acupuncture at Sifeng points exert certain effect in the treatment of TD children with spleen deficiency and liver hyperactivity syndrome,and its efficacy is superior to that of the western medicine Tiapride Hydrochloride Tablets.

Exploration of the Acupoint Selection Rules of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Tic Disorders in Children Based on Data Mining Techniques / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for the treatment of tic disorders in children based on data mining techniques.Methods A computerized search was conducted for the clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children included in the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,and PubMed databases from January 1992 to December 2022.A database was established by Excel 2019 to count the commonly used treatment methods and analyze the high-frequency application methods acupuncture(high-frequency acupoints,channel entry of acupoints,acupoint association rules,and acupoint clustering),auricular point seed-pressing(high-frequency auricular points,and acupoint association rules),and the high frequency division of cluster needling of scalp point.Results A total of 190 valid literature articles were included,involving 270 acupuncture prescriptions;among them,184 acupoints were counted in the acupuncture method,with a total application frequency of 1 906 times,and the high-frequency application of the acupoints in descending order were Baihui(DU20),Taichong(LR3),Fengchi(GB20),Hegu(LI4),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Neiguan(PC6),Shenmen(HT7),Zusanli(ST36),Yintang(EX-HN3),Sishencong(EX-HN1);and the high-frequency meridians were governor vessol,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot taiyang stomach meridian,foot shaoyang gallbladder meridian,hand taiyang large intestine meridian,foot taiyang bladder meridian,foot jueyin gallbladder meridian;three sets of strong association rules and five clusters of acupoints were analyzed by SPSS modeler 18.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software.There were 29 acupoints of auricular point seed-pressing,application total frequency was 206 times,high-frequency application of auricular points in descending order of Shenmen(HT7),liver,heart,subcortex,kidney;four groups of acupoint strong association rules were obtained through the analysis of SPSS modeler 18.0 software.A total of 14 zones were involved in the application of cephalic acupoint plexus zoning,of which the high-frequency zones were parietal anterior temporal diagonal,parietal parietal 1,and chorea tremor control zone.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment of tic disorders in children,according to its pathogenesis(liver hyperactivity,kidney depletion,spleen deficiency,phlegm disturbance,etc.)and tic site,select acupoints compatibility,and mostly choose yang meridian acupoints,which is related to the nature and treatment characteristics of wind pathogen.Children's tic disorders are closely related to emotional disorders,therefore acupuncture and auricular acupoints all emphasize the method of soothing the liver and clearing the heart,and regulating the emotional state.Cluster needling of scalp point mostly used parietal temporal anterior oblique line,parietal 1 line,and dance tremor control area for the treatment of tic disorders.For children,auricular point seed-pressing and cluster needling of scalp point has the minimun of pain,the effect of treatment is long,and it is not easy to have dangerous situations such as bent needle,broken needle and so on.

Development course and research prospects of tic disorder in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder(TD), including Tourette syndrome, was first reported in 1825 and officially named in 1885.Until 1961, Haloperidol was proven to be effective in treating TD, which ushered in a new era of clinical understanding and research on TD.This paper introduces the history of research, development issues and research prospects related to TD.

Research progress in etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder (TD) is one of the typical neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood.More studies have confirmed that the etiology and pathogenesis of TD are related to genetics, environment, immunology, and psychology, etc.Identifying the etiology and pathogenesis helps to guide the treatment of TD.This paper reviews the research progress in the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric TD in recent years.

Research progress in neuropsychology of children with tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The nervous system is the carrier of psychological activities, and its functional state directly affects psychological activities.Neuropsychology allows people to understand human psychological activities from the perspective of neuroscience and the correlation between the production of psychological activities and the physiological activities of the brain.It also includes establishing quantitative relationships between human perception, memory, thinking, imagination, attention, personality, intelligence, behavior, and brain function.Neuropsychology is a discipline that studies the relationship between the nervous system and psychological activities and behaviors.Tic disorder (TD) belong to neurodevelopmental disorders and are closely related to neuropsychological states.Studying the neuropsychology of TD is of great significance for their clinical diagnosis and treatment.This article summarizes the current research progress in neuropsychology related to TD in children internationally.

Advances of medicated management for tic disorder in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the treatment of tic disorder (TD) in children owing to a decrease in onset of age and cure rate and an increase in refractory cases.The present article reviews advances in drug therapies for TD, including α2-adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptor D blockers, typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, and botulinum toxin type A, as well as the sustainable treatment up to adulthood.It also highlights the regular treatment, full-course treatment, and individualized treatment for TD in children.

Research progress on tic disorder accompanied by attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sudden, rapid, repetitive, non-rhythmic motor or vocal tics at single or multiple sites.Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the common comorbidities of TD.Early identification and intervention of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, as well as comorbid ADHD in TD patients can improve its prognosis.Currently, a significant amount of research on TD accompanied by ADHD has been conducted both domestically and internationally.This article provides a systematic review and summary of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and intervention for TD comorbid with ADHD, aiming to enrich the understanding of clinicians regarding TD comorbid with ADHD and promote its early identification and intervention.

Health education strategies for children with tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder (TD) is a type of neuropsychiatric disorders, which starts in childhood and is characterized by tics.Its clinical manifestations are varied and occasionally accompanied by a variety of comorbidities.Health education can achieve the purpose of preventing diseases and improving the quality of life.For neuropsychiatric disorders such as TD, health education can not only promote the rehabilitation of patients but also help them return to society.This paper briefly describes the methods and strategies of health education for TD children, to improve the social awareness of the disease, guide the family members, teachers, classmates and partners of TD children to get along with them, and establish confidence for TD children to overcome the disease.

Research progress in animal models for tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in childhood, characterized by involuntary movements or vocal tics and occasionally accompanied by various comorbidities.It may seriously affect children′s daily life, learning and social activities.Exploring its etiology and pathological mechanisms and developing drugs require extensive research on animal models.There are currently various methods for constructing TD models, including induced and spontaneous animal models, such as induced animal models with abnormal neurotransmitters and immune functions and spontaneous animal models based on genetic engineering.However, no animal model can fully match the manifestations of TD.This article summarizes the commonly used animal models for TD to provide references for exploring pathological mechanisms and developing drugs.

Analysis of intervention and treatment status for children with tic disorder and family needs / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To evaluate the current situation of interventional treatment for children with tic disorder and family needs for interventions and to analyze the factors influencing intervention needs.Methods:This cross-sectional study encompassed 362 children and their families who sought medical attention at Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from October 2022 to January 2023.Factors influencing their intervention needs were analyzed.Results:A total of 362 children were surveyed.The main therapies of family concern included medication and behavioral intervention.Currently, the predominant therapy employed in the care of these children was medication (102/126, 80.9%), not with standing the fact that 77.8% of parents expressed discontent with its efficacy.Of the children and families included in the survey, 276 (76.2%) gave responses delineating their specific intervention needs.The paramount among these was the need for social support, with the score of (2.69±0.96) points.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the notable influence of the duration of the ailment, the presence of comorbidities, the gravity of the disorder, the monthly household income, parental anxiety levels, and concerns germane to the therapeutic regimen on the family needs for interventions (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The extant therapeutic approaches applied in tic disorder exhibit a discernable constraint in terms of efficacy.Parents evince a pronounced yearning for interventions.These needs are contingent upon a spectrum of determinants.Clinicians are advised to consider the family needs for interventions when formulating therapeutic strategies, so that they can propound bespoke intervention plans to ameliorate therapeutic outcomes.

Research progress on susceptibility genes in children with tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in childhood with tics as its primary clinical manifestation.It is a group of movement disorders with unknown causes.At present, the main pathogenic genes of TD have not been identified.In this paper, TD neurotransmitter-associated susceptibility genes ( DRD2, DRD4, SLC6A4, HDC, ADRA2A), related susceptibility gene variations ( ASH1L, CELSR3, PNKD, NRXN1, CNTN6), and other susceptibility genes ( FLT3, SLITRK1) were reviewed to provide references for the precision treatment based on gene variations.

Research progress in cognitive function characteristics of children with tic disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The prevalence rate of tic disorder in Chinese children and adolescents is relatively high, and tic disorder is often co-occurring with psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit and hyperactive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.The cognitive impairments of tic disorder patients with different clinical types, course of disease and comorbidities are different, but all affect the learning and life quality of patients.Exploration of the cognitive function characteristics of tic disorder patients is conducive to further understanding of the disease and its etiological mechanism, and has guiding significance for clinical recognition, diagnosis and treatment.

Visualization Analysis on Literature about TCM Treatment of Tic Disorder from 2000 to 2022 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the current status,research hotspots,and emerging trends in the field of TCM treatment for tic disorder(TD);To provide references for relevant research.Methods Literature on the TCM treatment for TD was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,Web of Science Core Collection,and PubMed databases from January 1,2000 to May 1,2022.NoteExpress 3.7.0.9296 software was used for literature management.VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was utilized to conduct co-occurrence analysis on author,institution,and keyword information.R 4.1.3 was applied to statistically analyze keyword frequency and time distributions and generate visualizations.Results A total of 1 520 articles were included in the analysis,involving 107 core authors.High-frequency keywords included experience of famous doctors,clinical observation,acupuncture,and ear acupoints.Commonly used Chinese herbal medicines included Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Bombyx Batryticatus.Frequently prescribed TCM formulae included Wendan Decoction,Changpu Yujin Decoction,Yinqiao Powder,and Tianma Gouteng Decoction.Conclusion Current research hotspots in this field focus on experience of famous doctors,the clinical efficacy of TCM interventions for TD,and molecular biological mechanism studies.Emerging research trends include external TCM treatment and comorbidity investigations.

Analysis on Medication Law of Wu Liqun in the Treatment of Tic Disorders Based on Complex Network / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore Professor Wu Liqun's medication law for treating tic disorders in children.Methods Medical records of tic disorders children treated by Professor Wu Liqun from September 2016 to October 2022 were collected,and a database was established.SPSS Statistics 23 was used for frequency statistics,and Liquorice software was used for multi-scale backbone network analysis and multi-layer core network analysis to summarize the medication law.Results Totally 709 medical records were included,involving 834 prescriptions and 203 kinds of Chinese materia medica.The drug categories were mostly tonic drugs,heat-clearing drugs,and liver-pacifying and wind-relieving drugs.The properties of the drugs were mainly warming,cold,and mild,and the meridians were mostly in the lung,liver,and spleen meridians.Complex network analysis showed that the core prescription consisted of 20 kinds of Chinese materia medica,such as Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,and 30 groups of commonly used medicine pairs and commonly used medicines with different symptoms and commodities were obtained.Conclusion Professor Wu Liqun's treatment for tic disorders in children focuses on treating"liver wind",evacuating external wind to cut off the course of the disease,soothing the liver and subduing yang to extinguish internal wind,paying attention to regulating liver qi,nourishing yin and soothing the liver,nourishing blood and extinguishing wind.