RESUMEN
A Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) Homeopatia Brasil(1) personifica o ingresso da Homeopatia na literatura médica oficial, sendo o resultado de décadas de um trabalho voluntário de vários homeopatas, tendo uma história de mais 40 anos a qual se mescla de maneira indissociável com a história da Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME)(2), que adotou posteriormente o nome de Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde(3). É também um testemunho da transformação tecnológica do paradigma das bibliotecas físicas seculares(4), para as atuais bibliotecas digitais online. A BVS é um patrimônio da Homeopatia brasileira, evidenciando a Homeopatia perante as ciências da saúde como sendo uma especialidade médica em nosso país. Ela teve como marco inicial a base de dados HOMEOINDEX, pioneira e exclusiva da literatura homeopática, construída na década de 90, que será abordada mais adiante. Esta biblioteca virtual homeopática faz parte da rede de bibliotecas virtuais em saúde(5), e da rede BVS Brasil(6) operacionalizadas pela BIREME, órgão regional da OPAS(7) (Organização Panamericana de Saúde) e da OMS(8) (Organização Mundial de Saúde). A BIREME tem como missão contribuir para o desenvolvimento da saúde nos países da América Latina e Caribe por meio da democratização do acesso, publicação e uso de informação, conhecimento e evidência científica. A BIREME abriga atualmente mais de 60 BVSs, entre temáticas, nacionais e regionais, que abordam os mais variados aspectos de informações de cada área, com acesso online eficiente, gratuito, universal e eqüitativo à informação Para entendermos a origem da BVS Homeopatia é necessário que seja abordada também a história da BIREME(9). Desde a sua criação no ano de 1967, a BIREME sempre considerou a colaboração das bibliotecas para desenvolver e oferecer seus serviços e produtos de informação. Nos anos iniciais a primeira tarefa foi o serviço colaborativo de comutação bibliográfica (fornecimento de cópias de documentos), já considerando que apenas a coleção de revistas da então Biblioteca Regional de Medicina não seria suficientemente completa para atender a todos os pedidos dos usuários da América Latina e do Caribe. Os primeiros acordos de cooperação da BIREME com as bibliotecas foram estabelecidos no início dos anos 70, com a Faculdade de Odontologia e a Escola de Medicina Veterinária, ambas da Universidade de São Paulo, com o Instituto de Nutrição da América Central e do Panamá (INCAP), com o Centro Latino-Americano de Perinatologia e Desenvolvimento Humano, e com o Centro Pan-Americano de Engenharia Sanitária e Ciências Ambientais (CEPIS).
The Virtual Health Library (VHL) Homeopathy Brazil embodies the inclusion of Homeopathy in the official medical literature, being the result of decades of voluntary work by several homeopaths, having a history of more than 40 years, which is inseparably intertwined with the history of the Regional Library of Medicine (BIREME), which later adopted the name of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. It is also a testament to the technological transformation from the paradigm of centuries-old physical libraries to today's online digital libraries. The VHL is a heritage of Brazilian Homeopathy, highlighting Homeopathy before the health sciences as a medical specialty in our country. Its initial milestone was the HOMEOINDEX database, a pioneer and exclusive database of homeopathic literature, built in the 1990s, which will be discussed later. This virtual homeopathic library is part of the network of virtual health libraries, and the VHL Brazil network operated by BIREME, a regional body of PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization). BIREME's mission is to contribute to the health development in Latin American and Caribbean countries through the democratization of access, publication, and use of information, knowledge, and scientific evidence. BIREME currently houses more than 60 VHLs, including thematic, national, and regional, covering the most varied aspects of information in each area, with efficient, free, universal, and equitable online access to information. To understand the origin of the VHL Homeopathy, it is also necessary to address the history of BIREME. Since its creation in 1967, BIREME has always considered the collaboration of libraries to develop and offer its information services and products. In the early years, the first task was the collaborative bibliographic exchange service (provision of document copies), already considering that the journal collection of the then Regional Library of Medicine would not be sufficiently complete to meet all the requests from users in Latin America and the Caribbean. The first cooperation agreements between BIREME and libraries were established in the early 1970s, with the Faculty of Dentistry and the School of Veterinary Medicine, both from the University of São Paulo, with the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), with the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development, and with the Pan-American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS).
Asunto(s)
Historia de la Homeopatía , Divulgación de la Homeopatía , Evolución Cultural , Bibliotecas Digitales , Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud , Brasil , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir sobre a diferença entre os termos bucal e oral na Odontologia, tendo como respaldo a Língua Portuguesa. A metodologia bibliográfica buscou se ancorar em teóricos da linguagem e da Odontologia para investigar a diferença entre tais palavras. Após leitura de textos que versaram sobre essas vertentes, observamos que a principal diferença residiu na origem das palavras bucca e os, originárias do latim clássico e vulgar, respectivamente, com significados distintos. Todavia, ao migrarem para o português, os falantes escolheram o termo bucca em detrimento de os, o qual ainda hoje é usado ao lado de oral, com sentidos semelhantes. Notamos, ainda, que para os profissionais da saúde seria importante padronizar a terminologia, pois facilitaria a compreensão desses termos para pacientes e profissionais de outras áreas, tais como os tradutores; por outro lado, ficou nítido que, em alguns momentos, a unificação terminológica seria mais difícil, pois os contextos de uso teriam que ser mudados. Por fim, destacamos que estudar estes vocábulos no contexto da Odontologia é importante para que tanto pacientes quanto os profissionais de saúde, ou de áreas similares conheçam a peculiar diferença(AU)
The objective of the present work was to discuss the difference between the terms oral and oral in Dentistry, based on the Portuguese language. The bibliographic methodology sought to anchor in language and dentistry theorists to investigate the difference between such words. After reading texts that dealt with these aspects, we observed that the main difference resided in the origin of the word bucca and os, originating from classical and vulgar Latin, respectively, with different meanings. However, when migrating to Portuguese, the speakers chose the term bucca over os, which is still used alongside oral, with similar meanings. We also noted that for health professionals it would be important to standardize the terminology, as it would facilitate the understanding of these terms for patients and professionals from other areas, such as translators; on the other hand, it was clear that at times, terminological unification would be more difficult, as the contexts of use would have to be changed. Finally, we emphasize that studying these words in the context of Dentistry is important so that both patients and health professionals, or from similar areas, know the peculiar difference(AU)
Asunto(s)
Odontología , Terminología como Asunto , Salud , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a associação entreo o uso dos cigarros eletrônicos e doenças pulmonares em adolescentes. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática na base de dados PubMed. Os termos Mesh incluídos na busca foram "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems" e "Lung Diseases" e sinônimos no título e abstract, com o filtro de idade "child: birth - 18 years", para buscar artigos relacionados ao uso de cigarros eletrônicos e doenças pulmonares em adolescentes. Os critérios de elegibilidade consistiram em: usuários adolescentes, exposição ao cigarro eletrônico e doença pulmonar como desfecho. Os artigos foram selecionados por uma revisão pareada de maneira independente, primeiramente com a leitura dos títulos e resumos, seguida da leitura integral dos artigos selecionados, os quais foram analisados pela ferramenta New Castle-Ottawa quanto sua qualidade, e receberam entre 5 e 7 estrelas. Os dados encontrados foram extraídos para a realização da metanálise. Inicialmente foram encontrados 61 artigos, sendo seis considerados elegíveis, todos transversais e com aplicação de questionários. Na metanálise foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o uso de cigarro eletrônico e exacerbação de asma (OR ajustado 1,44; IC 95% 1,171,76). Não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem a associação do cigarro eletrônico e outras doenças pulmonares, incluindo EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury), em adolescentes. Na metanálise foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre exacerbações de asma e uso de cigarros eletrônicos em adolescentes com asma crônica e nos previamente hígidos.
This study aims to investigate the association between electronic cigarette use and lung disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed. We used the MeSH terms "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems" and "Lung Diseases" as well as synonyms in the title and abstract, with the age filter "child: birth - 18 years" to search for articles related to electronic cigarette use and lung disease in adolescents. The eligibility criteria consisted of adolescent users and exposure to e-cigarettes that resulted in lung disease. The articles were selected by independent assessment, reading first the titles and abstracts, then the full text of the selected articles. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, and the included studies received between 5 and 7 stars. Finally, the data were extracted for meta-analysis. Initially, 61 articles were found and 6 were considered eligible, all of which were cross-sectional and applied questionnaires. The meta-analysis found a significant association between electronic cigarette use and asthma exacerbation (adjusted OR 1.44 95% CI 1.17 - 1.76). However, no studies evaluated the association with other lung diseases, including electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury in adolescents. The metaanalysis revealed a significant association between e-cigarette use and asthma exacerbation among adolescents with chronic asthma, as well as among their previously healthy peers.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
This macro-level scientometrics study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences in the scientific communication patterns of the Brazilian postgraduate programs (BPPs) belonging to the Biological Sciences II field (BS2), as defined by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Also, it was identified the most researched diseases and it was discussed their relationship with the needs of Brazilian public health considering the burden of disease (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brazil) estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the scientific production of the BS2's sub-areas Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology was evaluated from 2013 to 2016, through considering the citation impact, Impact Factor (Journal Citation Reports), and scientific collaboration. Data collected included formal information provided to CAPES by all BPPs through the Plataforma Sucupira as well as metadata from Web of Science documents. In addition, were employed the standardized Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) for the analysis of researched diseases. We concluded that the patterns of scientific communication in Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology were predominantly different. Thus, there is a need to consider specificities among the five sub-areas in the evaluation process performed by CAPES. Different approaches are revealed by identifying the most frequently researched diseases and explaining the contributions of each sub-area for Brazilian public health.
Este estudo cientométrico de nível macro teve como objetivo analisar as semelhanças e as diferenças nos padrões de comunicação científica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros (PPGs) da área de Ciências Biológicas II, avaliados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Além disso, foram identificadas as doenças mais pesquisadas e foi discutido sua relação com as necessidades de saúde pública brasileira, considerando a carga de doenças (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brasil) estimada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Assim, a produção científica das subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia da área de Ciências Biológicas II foi avaliada de 2013 a 2016, considerando o impacto de citações, o Fator de Impacto (Journal Citation Reports) e a colaboração científica. Os dados coletados incluíram informações declaradas à CAPES por todos os PPGs por meio da Plataforma Sucupira, bem como metadados de documentos da Web of Science. Além disso, foram utilizados os cabeçalhos de Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) para a análise das doenças pesquisadas. Concluímos que os padrões de comunicação científica entre as subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia foram predominantemente diferentes. Assim, é necessário considerar as especificidades entre as cinco subáreas no processo de avaliação realizado pela CAPES. Diferentes abordagens são reveladas a partir da identificação das doenças mais pesquisadas e da explicação das contribuições de cada subárea para a saúde pública brasileira.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Disciplinas de las Ciencias Biológicas , Medical Subject Headings , Factor de Impacto , Metadatos , Polvos , Bioquímica , Biofisica , Salud Pública , PubMedRESUMEN
Introducción. La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una de las enfermedades crónicas más comunes, siendo una de las causas principales de mortalidad de la población mun-dial. La dermatoglifia es empleada como instrumento para el hallazgo de ciertos aspectos biológicos en diferentes poblaciones. Objetivo. Reconocer, a partir de una revisión sistemática, la relevancia que tiene la dermatoglifia como medio de hallazgo de diabetes mellitus. Metodología. Revisión de literatura científica en bases de datos como Sciencedi-rect, PubMed, Scopus y BVS, en las cuales se extrajo información después de co-rrer la ecuación de búsqueda con términos MESH. Posteriormente, fueron revisados para incluir aquellos artículos relacionados con DM y dermatoglifia. Para todo el proceso se siguió la metodología PRISMA, evaluando los artículos con la escala de sesgo de Cochrane y el nivel de evidencia y recomendación con escala SIGN. Resultados. Después de una revisión de 475 artículos, se incluyeron ocho artículos, y al ser evaluados fueron clasificados cinco artículos 2+ y tres 2-, con nivel de reco-mendación D. Conclusión. La dermatoglifía es una herramienta útil como medio de detección de la DM. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar estudios de cohortes para demostrarlo en di-ferentes poblaciones, como la colombiana. En ese sentido, se encuentra que el 70% de los artículos revisados demuestran que la predicción de hallazgo de DM es efectiva. Sin embargo, el 30% de las investigaciones dentro de esta revisión no consideran que sea una herramienta lo suficientemente óptima para descubrir la patología en la población.
Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases, be-ing one of the main causes of mortality in the world population. Dermatoglyphics is used as an instrument for the discovery of certain biological aspects in different populations.Objective. To recognize, by doing a systematic review, the relevance of dermato-glyphics as a means of finding diabetes mellitus. Methodology. Review of scientific literature in databases such as Sciencedirect, PubMed, Scopus, and VHL, in which information was extracted after running the search equation with MESH terms. After that, they were revised to include those articles related to DM and dermatoglyphics. For the entire process, the PRISMA methodology was followed, evaluating the articles with the Cochrane bias scale and the level of evidence and recommendation with the SIGN scale. Results. After a review of 475 articles, eight articles were included, and when evalu-ated, five articles were classified as 2+ and three as 2-, with a level D recommendation. Conclusion. Dermatoglyphics is a useful tool as a means of detecting DM. However, it is necessary to carry out cohort studies to demonstrate this in different populations, such as the Colombian population. 70% of the reviewed articles show that the prediction of DM finding is effective. Nevertheless, 30% of the investigations within this review do not consider it to be a sufficiently optimal tool to discover the pathology in the population
Asunto(s)
Dermatoglifia , Diabetes Mellitus , Enfermedad Crónica , Causalidad , Estudios de Cohortes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Medical Subject Headings , Diagnóstico , Metodología como un Tema , Revisión SistemáticaRESUMEN
La principal causa de mortalidad en enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), en el 80% de pacientes se da por enfermedad cardiovascular asociada, los parámetros bioquímicos clásicos del metabolismo óseomineral aún no logran explicar la progresión patológica por tanto, se ha empezado a estudiar nuevos marcadores con relación al daño cardiovascular, donde se ha encontrado al marcador FGF-23 y su correceptor Klotho, implicados en la génesis del daño cardiovascular y enfermedad óseomineral asociada al fosforo, que en conjunto causan remodelamiento cardiovascular, lo que ha empezado aclarecer aún más esta dinámica fisiopatológica. Esta revision busca conocer la implicación de los marcadores FGF-23 y Klotho en ERC y el riesgo cardiovascular asociado y para ello realizó una revision sistemática de literatura, indagando en bases biomédicas como COCHRANE, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Pub-Med, EBSCO, Hinari, Sociedades médicas, así como tesauros MeSH propios de esta investigación.
The main cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in 80% of patients, is due to associated cardiovascular disease, the classic biochemical parameters of bone-mineral metabolism will not yet be able to explain the pathological progression, therefore, new markers have begun to be studied in relation to cardiovascular damage, where the marker FGF-23 and its co-receptor Klotho have been found, involved in the genesis of cardiovascular damage and bone-mineral disease associated with phosphorus, which together cause cardiovascular remodeling , which has begun to further clarify this pathophysiological dynamic.This review seeks to know the implication of the FGF-23 and Klotho markers in CKD and the associated cardiovascular risk and for this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, investigating biomedical bases such as COCHRANE, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Pub-Med, EBSCO, Hinari, Medical Societies, as well as MeSH thesauri specific to this research.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
Introducción: la pandemia del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave Sars-CoV-2 causado por un coronavirus que se denominó COVID-19, revolucionado de forma importante los estilos de vida de la población universitaria, la población requiere de conocimientos y tener buenas prácticas para evitar el contagio por medio del autocuidado, los retos y adaptaciones del aprendizaje en un entorno virtual conlleva a formas de vida modificadas relacionadas con un incremento de sedentarismo, estrés y temor al contagio, entre otros. Objetivo: determinar los estilos de vida saludables, conocimientos y prácticas de cuidado por causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Morelos. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con participación de 265 estudiantes. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios en línea HPLP-II, valora estilos de vida y cuestionario ex profeso para conocimientos, práctica del cuidado durante la pandemia, durante septiembre a octubre 2020. Resultados: conocimientos: los estudiantes sólo reconocen la sintomatología respiratoria, mencionan que practican sólo algunas de las medidas de seguridad, se obtuvo asociaciones entre conocimientos, práctica y estilos de vida p=<.05. Discusión: estudios en Perú, Colombia, España y México, revelan resultados semejantes y significativos, relacionan calidad de vida y estilos de vida, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas adecuadas, así como actitudes positivas de estudiantes universitarios ante la COVID-19. Conclusión: la población universitaria es vulnerable al contagio, aún no han dimensionado la magnitud del problema que se vive, cuentan con escasos recursos, los estilos de vida se fragilizan al afectar las dimensiones alimentación, actividad y ejercicio, control del estrés, relaciones interpersonales, entre otras.
Introduction: the severe acute respiratory syndrome Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, caused by a coronavirus called COVID-19, has significantly revolutionized the lifestyles of the university population, it requires knowledge and good practices to avoid contagion through self-care; the challenges and adaptations of learning in a virtual environment lead to modified lifestyles, related to an increase in sedentary lifestyle, stress and fear of contagion, among others. Objective: determine healthy lifestyles, knowledge and care practices due to the Covid-19 pandemic in nursing students at the University of Morelos. Material and methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with participation of 265 students. The HPLP-II online questionnaires were applied, asses lifestyles and an exprofessional questionnaire for knowledge, and practice of care during the pandemic, were applied during September to October 2020. Results: knowledge: students only recognize respiratory symptoms; they mention that they practice only some of safety measures, associations were obtained between knowledge, practice and lifestyles, p = <. 05. Discussion: studies in Peru, Colombia, Spain and Mexico reveal similar and significant results; these relate quality of life and lifestyles, knowledge, attitudes and appropriate practices, as well as positive attitudes of university students towards COVID-19. Conclusion: the university population is vulnerable to contagion, it has not yet dimensioned the magnitude of the problem that it is experiencing, it has few resources, and lifestyles are weakened by affecting the dimensions of nutrition, activity and exercise, stress control, interpersonal relationships, among others.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes , Medidas de Seguridad , Conocimiento , Medical Subject Headings , COVID-19 , Estilo de VidaRESUMEN
¿Cuál es la función de las palabras clave en un artículo científico? ¿Para qué sirven? ¿Son lo mismo que los descriptores? En el pre- sente editorial se responden esas y otras preguntas relacionadas con el uso de las palabras clave, a fin de que los autores de artí- culos científicos las elijan de una mejor manera para guiar a sus potenciales lectores y aumentar la visibilidad de su artículo, lo cual puede incrementar las probabilidades de que sea citado.
What is the role of keywords in a scholarly article? What are they for? Are keywords and descriptors the same? In this editorial those and other questions related to the use of keywords are answered, in order for the authors of scholarly articles to choose them properly so that they can guide their potential readers and increase the visibility of their article, which can lead to its citation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Descriptores , Informática Médica , Vocabulario Controlado , Medical Subject Headings , Investigación , Publicación PeriódicaRESUMEN
La administración de medicamentos es uno de los pilares fundamen-tales en la gestión del cuidado de la enfermería, de ahí la impor-tancia y responsabilidad de su manejo con personas que estén re-cibiendo fármacos especializados por su condición aguda o crítica. Objetivo: Construir un instrumento de valoración con los principios homeodinámicos y el concepto de pandimensionalidad de la teoría de seres humanos unitarios, para la administración de medicamen-tos especializados, como inotrópicos y vasopresores en servicios de UCI y urgencias. Materiales y métodos: Es una investigación cua-litativa con enfoque descriptivo, para conocer la realidad del sujeto de cuidado desde la premisa sobre la relación de la administración de medicamentos y los principios de la teoría de Seres Humanos Unitarios. Resultados: Se construyó un instrumento de valoración desde la perspectiva de la teoría de Rogers. La misma permite al profesional de enfermería evaluar y generar propuestas de cuida-do guiadas al equilibrio armónico de los campos de energía, según propone esta teórica en relación con la administración de medica-mentos. También le facilita al estudiante el identificar las alteracio-nes de los principios de la teoría en relación a los efectos de los medicamentos. Conclusiones: El instrumento permite contemplar los principios homeodinámicos y la pandimensionalidad; además, facilita los procesos de cuidado en la administración de medicamen-tos, que en ocasiones por diferentes causas no se evalúa la respuesta del sujeto de cuidado ante un medicamento, retrasando su evolución ante la enfermedad.
The administration of medications is one of the fundamental pillars in the management of nursing care, hence the importance and responsibility of the management of medications to people who are receiving specialized medicine for their acute or critical condition, that is why this study was proposed The objective: is to build an assessment instrument with the homeodynamic principles and the concept of pandimensionality of the theory of unitary human beings for the administration of specialized drugs such as inotropics and vasopressors in ICU and emergency health services. Materials and methods: qualitative with a descriptive approach, to know the reality of the care subject from the premise of the relationship of the administration of medicines and principles of the theory of Unitary Human Beings, Results: an assessment instrument was built from the pers-pective of Rogers' theory that allows the nursing professional to evaluate and generate proposals for care guided to the harmonic balance of the energy fields proposed by this theory in relation to the administration of medications, also, it allows the student to identify alterations in the prin-ciples of the theory in relation to the effects of medications Conclusions: the instrument allows to contemplate homeodynamic principles and the concept of pandimensionality thus facilitate the process of care for the administration of drugs that sometimes for different reasons does not evaluate the response of the care subject to a drug, delaying the evolution of the subject before the disease.
A administração de medicamentos é um dos eixos fundamentais do cuidado de enfermagem, sendo importante a responsabilidade do seu manejo com pessoas que recebem fármacos espe-cializados pela sua condição aguda ou crítica. Objetivo: Construir um instrumento de avaliação dos princípios homeodinâmicos e o conceito de pandimensionalidade da teoria do ser humanos unitários, para a administração de medicamentos especializados como inotrópicos e vasopres-sores nas UTI e Unidades de Emergência. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa com foco descritivo para conhecer a realidade do sujeito de cuidado sobre a relação da administração de medicamentos e os princípios da teoria do Ser Humano Unitário. Resultados: Construiu-se um instrumento de valoração desde a perspectiva de Rogers, permitindo ao profissional de enferma-gem avaliar e gerar propostas de cuidado guiadas ao equilíbrio harmônico dos campos de energia, segundo a proposta da teoria em relação com a administração de medicamentos. Também lhe fa-cilita ao estudante identificar as alterações dos princípios da teoria em relação com os efeitos dos medicamentos. Conclusões: O instrumento permite contemplar os princípios homeodinâmicos e pandimensionalidade; além disso, facilita os processos de cuidado na administração de medica-mentos que ocasionalmente, por diferentes causas não se avalia a resposta do sujeito de cuidado ante um medicamento, retrasando a sua evolução perante a doença.
Asunto(s)
Enfermería de Cuidados Críticos , Terapéutica , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) vocabulary establishes a unique and common language that allows the organization and facilitates the search and retrieval of technical and scientific literature on health available in the information sources of the Virtual Health Library. The DeCS, created by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), is the translation and extension of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary, maintained by the United States National Library of Medicine. BIREME, in coordination with experts from Latin America and the Caribbean, has included in the DeCS the topics of equity, gender, ethnicity and human rights—cross-cutting themes in the programmatic framework of PAHO/WHO technical cooperation—to ensure better retrieval and use of scientific information and evidence related to these topics. The objective of this article is to describe the methodology used during the terminology review of the DeCS and to report the results obtained and the impacts of the terminology expansion in the field of equity, which included the inclusion of 35 new descriptors.
RESUMEN El vocabulario Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) establece un lenguaje único y común que permite la organización y facilita la búsqueda y recuperación de la literatura técnica y científica en salud disponible en las fuentes de información de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. El DeCS, creado por el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME), un centro especializado de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS), es la traducción y la extensión del vocabulario Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), mantenido por la National Library of Medicine de los Estados Unidos. BIREME, en coordinación con expertos de América Latina y el Caribe, ha incluido en el DeCS los temas de equidad, género, etnicidad y derechos humanos —temas transversales en el marco programático de la cooperación técnica de la OPS/OMS— para garantizar una mejor recuperación y uso de la información y evidencia científica relacionadas a estos temas. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el método de revisión terminológica del DeCS e informar los resultados obtenidos y los impactos de la ampliación terminológica en el área de equidad, que comprendió la inclusión de 35 nuevos descriptores.
Asunto(s)
Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud , Equidad en Salud , Acceso a la Información , Medical Subject Headings , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
Actualmente, el mundo se enfrenta a la pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2, infección para la cual no hay medidas farmacológicas de prevención ni tratamiento. Hasta el momento, ha dejado más de 4'880.000 casos confirmados y 322.000 muertes. Se han propuesto diferentes estrategias para el control de la enfermedad que implican la participación de diferentes sectores de la sociedad con acciones guiadas por lineamientos jurídicos y basados en medidas de salud pública, entre ellas, la contención, la mitigación, el aislamiento físico y la cuarentena. Dado que se trata de una situación de dimensión poblacional, la información tiene un papel fundamental; sin embargo, la proliferación de términos nuevos, muchas veces usados erróneamente, causa confusión y desinformación y, en consecuencia, limitan la participación ciudanía. En ese contexto, en el presente documento se hizo una revisión de los términos utilizados en epidemias y pandemias de enfermedades infecciosas, con énfasis en la COVID-19, para facilitar al público general la comprensión de los términos relevantes sobre el comportamiento de los agentes patógenos y de su ciclo epidémico y pandémico, así como los criterios para la adopción de las decisiones pertinentes en salud pública. Se aspira a que el glosario resultante ayude al uso correcto de los términos y a homogenizar la información.
Currently, the world is facing the pandemic generated by SARS-CoV-2. There are no no pharmacological measures for the prevention or treatment of this infection and, so far, it has caused more than 4'880.000 confirmed cases and 322.000 deaths. The different strategies for the control of the disease that have been proposed involve the participation of different actors. Such participation, guided by legal guidelines based on public health measures, include containment, mitigation, physical isolation, and quarantine. As this is a population-based problem, information plays a primary role; however, the many new terms hat have arisen and their misuse confuse and, therefore, misinform thus limiting citizen participation. For this reason, we conducted a review of the terms used in epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19. We considered and differentiated the relevant terms to facilitate the understanding of pathogen's behavior and epidemic and pandemic cycles, as well as the criteria for public health decision-making for the general public. This glossary should facilitate the use of the terms and standardize the information.
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Infecciones por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Medical Subject Headings , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Pharmaceutical care (PC) is in the implementation process in Brazil and Latin America. Synthesis of evidence has been requested for monitoring and evaluating the process regarding the treatment effect. The objective is to build and disseminate a systematic review protocol to make a standard for updating results from pharmaceutical care for hypertension and for other diseases. This is a protocol for systematic review studies regarding a real example of a protocol reasoned in pharmaceutical care for hypertension in primary care. This protocol was delineated grounded in the Cochrane Handbook. Descriptors and words were defined using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences) and Emtree thesaurus, and the search was performed in English, Spanish and Portuguese, without filters, up to March, 27th, 2017. The results were structured in the PRISMA flowchart. Results found from all databases were: the Cochrane Library (n= 202); PubMed (n= 2608); LILACs (n= 909); Embase (n= 1653); Scopus (n=1298); IPA (n=967); and Web of Sciences (n=435). From these, 1688 were duplicate articles. The content of this paper can aid the constant monitoring of pharmaceutical care implementation and contribute to the improvement of the quality and evidence levels of published studies.
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Servicios Farmacéuticos/organización & administración , Atención Primaria de Salud/normas , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Pacientes/clasificación , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Medical Subject HeadingsRESUMEN
Introducción: La Enfermedad de Gaucher (EG) es un trastorno genético autosómico recesivo, causado por la deficiencia de la enzima B-Glucocerebrosidasa acida (GBA). En Colombia se ha estimado una prevalencia de 1:266.441 habitantes. Sin embargo, el país no cuenta con datos exactos sobre la incidencia, prevalencia y carga poblacional de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Con el objetivo de caracterizar molecularmente las variantes encontradas en el gen GBA presentes en pacientes del Suroccidente Colombiano con enfermedad de Gaucher. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes en el estudio, 57,8% de género masculino, con intérvalo de edad entre 4 y 71 años, diagnosticados clínica y enzimáticamente con EG. Se realizó un análisis molecular del gen GBA y posteriormente se buscaron las variantes en diferentes bases de datos poblacionales y clínicas; además se realizó análisis bioinformático para evaluar el posible impacto de las variantes de interés en la estructura y funcionalidad de la proteína. Resultados: Se encontraron 14/19 pacientes homocigotos; 4/19 heterocigotos compuestos y 1/19 heterocigotos). Se reportó la presencia de 7 variantes que codifican para 8 genotipos diferentes. El genotipo más frecuente es p.Asn409Ser/p.Asn409Ser (36%). De las 7 variantes encontradas, se reportó que específicamente p. Asn409Ser (10/23 alelos) y p.Leu483Pro (3/23 alelos) y p.Lys237Glu (3/23 alelos), están presentes en el 69,5% de los alelos. Todas las variantes presentaron una significancia clínica patogénica. Conclusiones: Este trabajo contribuye al establecimiento de las bases moleculares de la EG en los pacientes del Suroccidente Colombiano, permitiendo realizar una correlación genotipo-endotipo-fenotipo. Así mismo, se determina que los algoritmos de diagnóstico que incluyen análisis molecular y herramientas predictivas bioinformáticas permiten mejorar el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de los pacientes afectados por EG, generando un impacto positivo en el seguimiento de los afectados, de la mano de una correcta consejería genética y estudios de portadores.
Introduction:Gaucher's disease (EG) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, caused by a deficiency of the acid B-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) enzyme. In Colombia, a prevalence of 1: 266.441 inhabitants have been estimated. However, the country does not have exact data on the incidence, prevalence and population burden of this disease. Objective: molecularly characterize the variants found in the GBA gene present in patients from the Southwest of Colombia with Gaucher disease. Material and methods: 19 patients were included in the study, 57,8% male, with an age range between 4 and 71 years, clinically and enzymatically diagnosed with GD. A molecular analysis of the GBA gene was performed and the variants were subsequently searched in different population and clinical databases; In addition, a bioinformatic analysis was performed to evaluate the possible impact of the variants of interest on the structure and functionality of the protein. Results: 14/19 homozygous patients were found; 4/19 compound heterozygotes and 1/19 heterozygotes). The presence of 7 variants coding for 8 different genotypes was reported. The most frequent genotype was p.Asn409Ser/p.Asn409Ser (36%). Of the 7 variants found, it was reported that specifically p. Asn409Ser (10/23 alleles) and p.Leu483Pro (3/23 alleles) and p.Lys237Glu (3/23 alleles), are present in 69,5% of the alleles. All the variants presented a pathogenic clinical significance. Conclusion: This work contributes to the establishment of the molecular bases of GD in patients from the Southwest of Colombia, allowing a genotype-endotype-phenotype correlation to be carried out. Likewise, it is determined that diagnostic algorithms that include molecular analysis and bioinformatic predictive tools allow improving the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients affected by GD, generating a positive impact on the follow-up of those affected, hand in hand with correct genetic counseling and carrier studies.
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Humanos , Biología Computacional , Medical Subject Headings , Enfermedad de GaucherRESUMEN
Introdução: Com o crescimento contínuo das informações disponíveis na área da saúde, é fundamental que o profissional da saúde desenvolva habilidades e competências para realizar buscas de evidências cientificas. Objetivo: Apresentar as principais bases da área da saúde e os mecanismos de busca específicos para cada uma delas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo desenvolvido na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Resultados: Este estudo apresentou os quatro passos do processo de busca em uma base de dados científica da área da saúde: (1) identificação da pergunta estruturada por meio dos acrônimos PICO/PECO, (2) escolha da base de dados (3) escolha e uso dos descritores em saúde apropriados para cada base (DeCS/MeSH/EMTREE) e (4) escolha e uso dos operadores booleanos (AND/OR/AND NOT). Conclusão: O processo de elaboração de uma estratégia de busca para bases de dados da área da saúde pode ser estruturado em quatro passos iniciais, que vão da identificação da pergunta estruturada ao uso dos operadores booleanos. Apropriar-se destes passos é fundamental para conseguir elaborar uma estratégia de busca adequada, capaz de recuperar os estudos de interesse e que abordem realmente a pergunta proposta.
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Epidemiología Descriptiva , Bases de Datos Bibliográficas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Medical Subject Headings , Metodología como un Tema , Motor de BúsquedaRESUMEN
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), a medical thesaurus created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), is a useful resource for natural language processing (NLP). In this article, the current status of the Japanese version of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is reviewed. Online investigation found that Japanese-English dictionaries, which assign MeSH information to applicable terms, but use them for NLP, were found to be difficult to access, due to license restrictions. Here, we investigate an open-source Japanese-English glossary as an alternative method for assigning MeSH IDs to Japanese terms, to obtain preliminary data for NLP proof-of-concept.
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Humanos , Pueblo Asiatico , Concesión de Licencias , Medical Subject Headings , Métodos , Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural , Vocabulario ControladoRESUMEN
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are associated with development of pyelonephritis and renal scarring. Traditionally, continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) has been used to prevent recurrent UTI. Recent studies have challenged the efficacy of CAP for preventing renal scarring and have raised concerns about inducing bacterial resistance. This review focuses on studies published between January 2000 and April 2019 and evaluates the use of CAP in children for avoiding recurrent UTIs and renal scarring. A systematic literature search was carried out using the following search terms and related medical subject headings in the MEDLINE electronic database: ‘urinary tract infection’, ‘antimicrobial/antibiotic prophylaxis’, and ‘children/pediatrics’. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), original research articles, guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses describing antibiotic prophylaxis for UTIs were included. A total of 34 RCTs, 9 systematic reviews, and 3 guidelines describing antibiotic prophylaxis were included in this review. The efficacy of CAP for preventing recurrent UTI remains unclear due to non-generalizability of results obtained from suboptimally designed clinical trials. CAP has not been proven as beneficial for preventing new renal scarring in children. Additionally, CAP is associated with increased risk of multidrug resistant infections in children. No conclusive evidence can be drawn from the available clinical data to support routine use of CAP for prevention of renal scarring. Accumulation of evidence from additional well designed studies may result in different conclusions in the future. It is important to identify specific risks for recurrent UTI and ensuing renal injury to ensure more judicious use of CAP.
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Niño , Humanos , Antibacterianos , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Cicatriz , Medical Subject Headings , Pediatría , Pielonefritis , Infecciones Urinarias , Sistema UrinarioRESUMEN
Introducción Desde el inicio de la aplicación del cribado para cáncer de próstata basado en el antígeno prostático específico (PSA) hace aproximadamente dos décadas, la controversia sobre los beneficios y desventajas de su uso rutinario ha sido constante. La literatura médica cuenta con múltiples estudios que en ocasiones han revelado resultados contradictorios sobre los posibles beneficios de la tamización con PSA; la tasa de detección de cáncer de próstata indolente detectado parece ser alta y los estudios no demuestran de forma constante los beneficios en términos de reducción de la mortalidad cáncer específica o general. El propósito del presente artículo, es definir a la luz de la literatura médica reciente, la utilidad a nivel poblacional del cribado para cáncer de próstata basado en el antígeno prostático específico. Materiales y métodos Se realizó una revisión en los buscadores Pubmed, Embase y Lilacs utilizando los términos MesH "Prostatic neoplasms," "early detection of cancer," "mass screening," "prostate specific antigen," "digital rectal examination," "Outcome assesment (Health care)." Se filtró la búsqueda hacia estudios ejecutados en humanos, y/o metanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas publicados durante los últimos 10 años. Los abstracts fueron valorados por el grupo de autores e incluidos para análisis según su aporte al objetivo principal del estudio. Algunas referencias adicionales fueron añadidas dada su importancia clínica e histórica. Resultados Se identificaron 23 referencias con la estrategia de búsqueda, se excluyeron del análisis 9 referencias por no aportar datos relevantes para el presente artículo. Se incluyeron para revisión un total de 14 artículos. Discusión La tamización para cáncer de próstata con base en el antígeno específico de próstata sérico es una estrategia que permite aumentar la tasa de detección temprana de cáncer, sin embargo, se asocia a una importante tasa de detección de cáncer de próstata indolente y de sobretratamiento. Los resultados de la literatura evaluada son contradictorios con respecto al efecto que tiene la tamización sobre la mortalidad específica por cáncer, algunos estudios han revelado una disminución de ese ítem en los pacientes sometidos a tamización para cáncer de próstata. Los datos también son contundentes en demostrar que las estrategias de tamización no han impactado la supervivencia general en los grupos estudiados. Se esperan resultados de estudios que incluyan el armamento de estrategias disponibles para estimar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata (imágenes y/o nuevos marcadores tumorales) con el fin de mejorar la relación riesgo/beneficio de la estrategia de cribado para cáncer de próstata. Conclusiones La tamización para cáncer de próstata debe ser una estrategia para la detección temprana del cáncer que se usa de forma consensuada con cada paciente y que debe adaptarse al riesgo individual; el paciente a quien se le aplica el cribado debe entender los potenciales riesgos y beneficios de esta estrategia ya que los datos disponibles no permiten demostrar con alto nivel de evidencia, un beneficio clínico traducido en términos de reducción en la mortalidad del cáncer específica o general.
Introduction In the last decade, the prostate-specific antigen based screening for prostate cancer have evoque a lot of controversies on the basis of his risk benefit ratio; there are controversial data about the impact of this strategy in the male cancer specific and general mortality. The aim of this article is to show the most recent findings and to define the utility of the population screening for early detection of prostate cancer. Material and Methods A literature review was performed in PubMed, Embase and Lilacs using the MeSH terms: "Prostatic neoplasms," "early detection of cancer," "mass screening," "prostate specific antigen," "digital rectal examination" and "Outcome assesment (Health care)" which was limited to scientific articles published in the past 10 years. The abstracts were evaluated and excluded if they were not related to primary aim of this article. Some references were included given their clinical relevance. Results 23 articles were retrieved, and after reviewing the abstracts, 9 articles were excluded as they were not related to our primary aim. The analysis was performed in 14 articles. Discussion The prostate-specific antigen based population screening has been associated with an early diagnosis of prostate cancer even, in a non significative clinical stage, and consequent overtreatment. The literature which was evaluated have controvesial outcomes on the cancer-specific mortality, however none of the articles evaluated shown a significant impact in male general mortality. In the overcoming years, we expect the results of some investigations which includes additional tools for the screening of prostate cancer (multiparametric prostate resonance imaging, new tumoral markers), to improve the risk-benefit of this strategy. Conclusions The population prostate cancer screening should be made in well-informed patients and shared based decision process. The urologist and patient should to know the potential benefits and risks of this strategy, because there is not high grade level of evidence which supports a significant effect of this strategy in male general and cancer-specific mortality.
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Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Tamizaje Masivo , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Medical Subject Headings , Scientists for Health and Research for Development , Tacto Rectal , Antígenos , NeoplasiasRESUMEN
O Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) é um agravo mental que pode ocorrer em resposta a eventos traumáticos na vida do indivíduo. Alguns estudos apontam que há relação do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático após o parto, quando este é considerado como parto de risco. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma atualização da literatura sobre a prevalência do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático em mulheres que tiveram parto pré-termo. Para a identificação dos estudos, foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Ibecs e Lilacs. Para os resultados da busca, a seleção inicial ocorreu pela leitura dos títulos encontrados, sendo descartados aqueles não tinham relação com o tema e período selecionados. O total de 18 estudos cumpriu com os critérios de inclusão deste artigo. A prevalência encontrada do Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático após o parto foi entre 1,3% e 12,5%, e de 28% nos grupos de risco, como as mães de prematuros. O presente artigo de atualização aponta que há possível correlação entre o Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático e o nascimento prematuro.(AU)
The Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that can occur in response to traumatic events in an individual's life. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between PTSD after childbirth, when it is considered as risk childbirth. The aim of this article is to provide an update of the literature about the prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Prematurity. To identify the studies, the PubMed / Medline, Ibecs and Lilacs databases were consulted. For the search results, the initial selection occurred by reading the titles found, being discarded those that had no relation with the theme and period selected. In the total 18 studies met the inclusion criteria of this article. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth was between 1,3 and 12.5%, and 28% in the risk groups, such as mothers of premature infants. The present update article points out that there is a possible correlation between posttraumatic stress disorder and premature birth.(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trabajo de Parto Prematuro/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Bases de Datos Bibliográficas , Depresión Posparto/epidemiología , Medical Subject Headings , MortinatoRESUMEN
Delayed ejaculation (DE) is a poorly defined and uncommon form of male sexual dysfunction, characterized by a marked delay in ejaculation or an inability to achieve ejaculation. It is often quite concerning to patients and their partners, and sometimes frustrates couples' attempts to conceive. This article aims to review the pathophysiology of DE and anejaculation (AE), to explore our current understanding of the diagnosis, and to present the treatment options for this condition. Electronic databases were searched from 1966 to October 2017, including PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase. We combined “delayed ejaculation,” “retarded ejaculation,” “inhibited ejaculation,” or “anejaculation” as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms or keywords with “epidemiology,” “etiology,” “pathophysiology,” “clinical assessment,” “diagnosis,” or “treatment.” Relevant sexual medicine textbooks were searched as well. The literature suggests that the pathophysiology of DE/AE is multifactorial, including both organic and psychosocial factors. Despite the many publications on this condition, the exact pathogenesis is not yet known. There is currently no single gold standard for diagnosing DE/AE, as operationalized criteria do not exist. The history is the key to the diagnosis. Treatment should be cause-specific. There are many approaches to treatment planning, including various psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, and specific treatments for infertile men. An approved form of drug therapy does not exist. A number of approaches can be employed for infertile men, including the collection of nocturnal emissions, prostatic massage, prostatic urethra catheterization, penile vibratory stimulation, probe electroejaculation, sperm retrieval by aspiration from either the vas deferens or the epididymis, and testicular sperm extraction.