RESUMEN
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitivity of castor bean seeds after applications of different doses of Cobalt60 gamma radiation. Seeds were pre-soaked for 24 hours in distilled water and then irradiated with 50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy, except the control. Sowing was performed in trays, which contained soil as substrate and were maintained in a greenhouse. The electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, growth parameters and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase) were evaluated in the leaves and roots of castor bean seedlings. Gamma radiation did not affect the electrical conductivity of the seeds; however, at a dose of 200 Gy, the emergence and emergence speed index of the seedlings was negatively affected. An analysis of the morphophysiological parameters revealed a reduction in seedling size as the radiation dose increased. There was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities at higher radiation doses in the leaves, but not in roots. Thus, the analysis of all the variables suggests a response pattern as to the morphophysiological and biochemical changes of castor bean seedlings due to the increase of gamma radiation, which may serve as a tool for generating greater genetic variability.
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Ricinus/efectos de la radiación , Semillas/efectos de la radiación , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Germinación/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Ricinus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la RadiaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Several molecules and events involved in cell response to radiation-induced damage have been investigated towards a personalized radiotherapy. Considering the importance of active caspase-3 in the proteolytic cascade that ensures radiation-induced apoptosis execution, this research was designed to evaluate the expression levels of this protein as a bioindicator of individual radiosensitivity. Peripheral blood samples of 10 healthy individuals were gamma-irradiated (cobalt-60 source) with 1, 2 and 4 Gy (control: non-irradiated samples), and active caspase-3 expression levels were measured in lymphocytes, by flow cytometry, ex vivo and after different times of in vitro incubation (24, 48 and 72 hours). Short-term incubation of 24 h was the most adequate condition to evidence correlations between dose radiation and active caspase-3 expression. For each radiation dose, it was observed a significant inter-individual variation in active caspase-3 expression intensity, suggesting that this parameter may be suitable for evidence individual radiosensitivity. The methodology presented and discussed in this work may help to predict healthy tissues response to radiation exposure toward the better patient outcome.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Tolerancia a Radiación/efectos de la radiación , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Linfocitos/enzimología , Biomarcadores Ambientales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Citometría de FlujoRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To describe a new model of actinic enteritis that does not use radiotherapy machines. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into four groups, consisting of four animals each: control (group A), two weeks after irradiation (group B), five weeks after irradiation (group C) and eight weeks after irradiation (group D). Animals were given a 10Gy radiation from a Cobalt-60 natural source in a nuclear technology research center. Protections of the surrounding tissues were obtained through the usage of plumb devices with a hole in the center, which served as a collimator. We obtained irradiated and non-irradiated colons from each animal. Results: In group B we found an important inflammatory response in the irradiated colon, which appeared in a reduced way in group C and was minimal in group D, in which we found a relevant collagen submucosal deposition/fibrosis. In all groups, the non-irradiated colon had a lower pathological damage in comparison with the irradiated colon. Conclusion: We thus described an efficient and feasible technique for obtaining an animal model of actinic enteritis.
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Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/patología , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Colon/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Ratas Wistar , Colon/patología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment ( HJD) on oxidative stress in (60)Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group); the HJD-treated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-treated, Trolox-treated, and untreated groups, along with a negative control group. On the 11th and 21st days after treatment, 6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using spectrophotometric methods. The fibroblast mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed by western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the untreated group, the levels of SOD, MDA and LDH, on the 11th and 21st days after treatment showed significant difference (P<0.05). TEM analysis indicated that fibroblast mitochondria in the untreated group exhibited swelling and the cristae appeared fractured, while in the HJD group, the swelling of mitochondria was limited and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared more relaxed. The expressions of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 increased in the untreated group compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of FGF-2, rhEGF and Trolox in the HJD group were significantly increased compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), or compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 showed significant difference between untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05). HJD and Trolox increased the level of TGF-β1 and the difference was marked as compared with the untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HJD relieves oxidative stress-induced injury, increases the antioxidant activity, mitigates the fibroblast mitochondrial damage, up-regulates the expression of growth factor, and promotes mitochondrial repair in mice.</p>
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Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Productos Biológicos , Farmacología , Usos Terapéuticos , Proliferación Celular , Efectos de la Radiación , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Dermatitis , Quimioterapia , Patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacología , Usos Terapéuticos , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos , Genética , Metabolismo , Fibroblastos , Patología , Efectos de la Radiación , Rayos gamma , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa , Metabolismo , Malondialdehído , Metabolismo , Mitocondrias , Metabolismo , Efectos de la Radiación , Pomadas , Estrés Oxidativo , Efectos de la Radiación , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Traumatismos por Radiación , Quimioterapia , Patología , Superóxido Dismutasa , Metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Genética , Metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Efectos de la RadiaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different sterilization/disinfection methods on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains. METHODS: Segments of elastomeric chains with 5 links each were sent for sterilization by cobalt 60 (Co60) (20 KGy) gamma ray technology. After the procedure, the elastomeric chains were contaminated with clinical samples of Streptococcus mutans. Subsequently, the elastomeric chains were submitted to sterilization/disinfection tests carried out by means of different methods, forming six study groups, as follows: Group 1 (control - without contamination), Group 2 (70°GL alcohol), Group 3 (autoclave), Group 4 (ultraviolet), Group 5 (peracetic acid) and Group 6 (glutaraldehyde). After sterilization/disinfection, the effectiveness of these methods, by Colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL), and the mechanical properties of the material were assessed. Student's t-test was used to assess the number of CFUs while ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to assess elastic strength. RESULTS: Ultraviolet treatment was not completely effective for sterilization. No loss of mechanical properties occurred with the use of the different sterilization methods (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Biological control of elastomeric chains does not affect their mechanical properties. .
OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de esterilização/desinfecção nas propriedades mecânicas de elásticos ortodônticos em cadeia. MÉTODOS: segmentos de elástico em cadeia com 5 elos cada foram enviados para esterilização em radiação gama com cobalto 60 (20 KGy). Após esterilização, esses foram contaminados com amostras clínicas de Streptococcus mutans. Passado esse período, foram submetidos aos testes de esterilização/desinfecção por diferentes métodos, formando seis grupos de estudo, assim denominados: Grupo 1 (controle - sem ter sido contaminado), Grupo 2 (álcool 70°GL), Grupo 3 (autoclave), Grupo 4 (ultravioleta), Grupo 5 (ácido peracético) e Grupo 6 (glutaraldeído). Após esterilização/desinfecção, avaliou-se a efetividade desses métodos, por meio de contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias por mL (UFC/mL), e as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para avaliar o número de UFC, além do ANOVA e, posteriormente, do teste de Tukey para avaliação da força. RESULTADOS: verificou-se que o ultravioleta não obteve eficácia total quanto à esterilização. E não ocorreu perda das propriedades mecânicas dos elásticos, com os diferentes métodos de esterilização utilizados (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: o controle biológico de elásticos em cadeia não interfere nas suas propriedades mecânicas. .
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Humanos , Aparatos Ortodóncicos/microbiología , Esterilización/métodos , Elastómeros/química , Materiales Dentales/química , Ácido Peracético/uso terapéutico , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Mecánico , Factores de Tiempo , Rayos Ultravioleta , Ensayo de Materiales , Desinfección/métodos , Glutaral/uso terapéutico , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapéutico , Desinfectantes Dentales/uso terapéutico , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Elastómeros/efectos de la radiación , Materiales Dentales/efectos de la radiación , Etanol/uso terapéutico , Elasticidad , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma/uso terapéutico , CalorRESUMEN
Background: Cervical cancer remains to be a major health problem and cancer-related cause of death among women in developing countries such as Iran where the most cases are diagnosed in locally advanced stage
Objectives: This cross sectional-analytic study aims to report outcome 154 patients with carcinoma of cervix were treated with external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] and high-dose-rate [HDR] brachytherapy with cobalt 60 [Co-6o] remote after loading system
Patients and Methods: A total of 154 patients with the international federation of gynecologist and oncologist [FIGO] stages I-IVA with histopathologically confirmed carcinoma of cervix, followed by the radiation-oncology ward of Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between February 2008 and March 2015. They were completed their scheduled EBRT and HDR brachytherapy with Co-60 remote after loading system. Out of this, 132 patients completed their standard follow up protocol. They were analyzed for 3-year disease-free survival [DFS], 3-year overall survival [OS] incidence of acute and late complications for HDR brachytherapy
Results: Fourteen patients [9.1 %] were in stage I [FIGO classification], 8 [5.2%] were in stage IIA, 26 [16.9%] were in stage IIB, 100 [64.9%] were in stage III, and 6 [3.9 %] were in stage IVA. The follow up duration was between 6 - 60 months with a median of 38 months. Overall rectal and bladder treatment toxicity rates were 33.7%. The 3-year DFS rate was 85.7%, 70.7 %, 41% and 16.6% for stages I, II, III, IVA respectively. Favorable prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analysis were early stage, tumor size < 4 cm [after adjusting for the residual disease after radiation], no pelvic lymph node involvement and 1 week Gap between EBRT and HDR brachytherapy in 3-year DFS [P = 0.001, P = 0.012, P = 0.005, P = 0.005, respectively]. The 3-year OS rate was 85.7%, 76.4%, 42%, and 33.3% for stages I, II, III, and IVA, respectively. Favorable prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analysis were early stage, tumor size < 4 cm, no pelvic lymph node involvement, 1 week gap between EBRT and HDR brachytherapy and no distant metastasis [during the follow up] in 3-year OS [P = 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.001, respectively]
Conclusions: HDR brachytherapy with Co-60 remote after loading system was successful and it showed HDR brachytherapy in treating patients with carcinoma of cervix was effective after EBRT with acceptable rectal and bladder complications
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Braquiterapia , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Estudios Transversales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills in treating the radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism, and compare with clinical routine acid suppressants combined with mucous membrane protective preparations to study the mechanism of their efficacy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the study of Williams J P and characteristics of duodenitis, and by reference to the radiation enteritis modeling standard, we took the lead in establishing the mouse radioactive duodenal injury model. The model mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 16) and the western medicine (oral administration with famotidine 0.5 mL + almagate suspension 0.3 mL per mouse, once a day) group (n = 16). After the standard administrating, such objective indexes as general condition, weight, changes in health score, pathology and expression of inflammatory factors were observed to evaluate the efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The radioactive duodenitis model of mice was successfully established with 12 Gy. Mice in the control group suffered from weight loss, anorexia, low fluid intake, loose stools, and occasionally mucous bloody stool, poor spirit, dim fur, lack of exercise and arch back. Mice in drug intervention groups were generally better than those in the pure irradiation group. The IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in spleen and mesenteric lymph node tissues in TCM and western medicine groups showed a declining trend compared with the control group. Their concentrations in peripheral blood serum also slightly changed. The TCM group revealed notable advantage in reducing inflammatory factors. The microscopic observation showed that a better mucosa repair in intervention groups than the pure irradiation group. The improved Chiu's scoring method showed a statistical significance in the difference between TCM and western medicine groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills could treat acute radiation enteritis, regulate organic immunity, and inhibit acute injury, promote local tissue repair, with the potential to resist such adverse effects as radiation intestinal fibrosis. The regulation of inflammatory factor release is one of efficacy generation mechanisms.</p>
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Animales , Ratones , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacología , Usos Terapéuticos , Duodenitis , Sangre , Quimioterapia , Interleucina-1beta , Sangre , Interleucina-6 , Sangre , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Membrana Mucosa , Efectos de la Radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Sangre , Quimioterapia , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , SangreRESUMEN
In radiation treatment, the irradiation which is effective enough to control the tumors far exceeds normal-tissues tolerance. Thus to avoid such unfavourable outcomes, some methods sensitizing the tumor cells to radiation are used. Iododeoxyuridine [IUdR] is a halogenated thymidine analogue that known to be effective as a radiosensitizer in human cancer therapy. Improving the potential efficacy of radiation therapy after combining to hyperthermia depends on the magnitude of the differential sensitization of the hyperthermic effects or on the differential cytotoxicity of the radiation effects on the tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of IUdR, hyperthermia and gamma rays of 60Co on human glioblastoma spheroids culture. In this experimental study,the cultured spheroids with 100microm diameter were treated by 1 microM IUdR, 43°C hyperthermia for an hour and 2 Gy gamma rays, respectively. The DNA damages induced in cells were compared using alkaline comet assay method, and dosimetry was then performed by TLD-100. Comet scores were calculated as mean +/- standard error of mean [SEM] using one-way ANOVA. Comparison of DNA damages induced by IUdR and hyperthermia + gamma treatment showed 2.67- and 1.92-fold enhancement, respectively, as compared to the damages induced by radiation alone or radiation combined IUdR. Dosimetry results showed the accurate dose delivered to cells. Analysis of the comet tail moments of spheroids showed that the radiation treatments combined with hyperthermia and IUdR caused significant radiosensitization when compared to related results of irradiation alone or of irradiation with IUdR. These results suggest a potential clinical advantage of combining radiation with hyperthermia and indicate effectiveness of hyperthermia treatment in inducing cytotoxicity of tumor cells
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Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Rayos gamma , Idoxuridina , Esferoides Celulares , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayo Cometa , RadiaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the anti-radiation protective effect of resveratrol (RES).@*METHODS@#(60)Co-γ irradiated injury model was established. A total of 200 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (50 in each group): Group I, II, III, and IV. Each group was sub-divided into 5 groups: a normal control (n=10), an irradiated model control group (n=10) and 3 treatment groups of RES (50, 100, and 300 mg/kg RES treatment groups, 10 in each group). RES was orally administered daily for 30 d in the RES treatment groups and 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose was orally administered in the normal control and irradiated model group. Thereafter, except the normal control group, the mice in other groups were exposed to different dosages of (60)Co-γ once, and the gavage was continued until the end of different experimental periods. Peripheral leucocytes, nucleated bone marrow cells were counted; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hemolysin in the serum were determined at different time.@*RESULTS@#Under the different dosages of (60)Co-γ irradiation and the provisions of the experimental conditions, the leucocyte count was (1.69±0.82)× 10(9) and (1.61±0.51)× 10(9)/L in the 100 and 300 mg/kg RES treatment groups, which was significantly increased, when compared with the irradiated model control group [(0.73±0.69)× 10(9)/L] ( P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#At 100 and 300 mg/kg, RES has good anti-radiation effect.
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Animales , Ratones , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Rayos gamma , Extractos Vegetales , Usos Terapéuticos , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Quimioterapia , Metabolismo , Protectores contra Radiación , Usos Terapéuticos , Resveratrol , Estilbenos , Usos Terapéuticos , Superóxido Dismutasa , MetabolismoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of pretreatment with apoptotic donor spleen cells on spleen lymphocyte function of recipient rats undergoing islet transplantation to explore new approaches to prolong islet graft survival.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Apoptotic spleen cells from donor rats were obtained by exposure to γ-ray irradiation from (60)Co. Diabetic SD rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups to receive tail vein injections with saline (group A), normal cells (group B), apoptotic donor cells (group C), or necrotic donor cells (group D). One week later, orthotopic transplantation of islets under the renal capsule was performed. Before and at 1 and 2 weeks after islet transplantation, the recipient rats were examined for proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes with CFSE cell staining and for IL-2 and IL-10 expressions in the cells using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pretreatment with donor apoptotic cells significantly suppressed the proliferative activity of recipient spleen lymphocytes before and at 1 and 2 weeks after islet transplantation as compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). The level of IL-2 was significantly decreased while IL-10 increased in apoptotic donor cell pretreatment group compared with those in the other 3 groups at each time point of observation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of pretreatment with apoptotic donor cells on recipient spleen lymphocytes suggest an important role of apoptotic donor spleen cells in immune tolerance of grafts.</p>
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Apoptosis , Alergia e Inmunología , Proliferación Celular , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Metabolismo , Patología , Cirugía General , Rayos gamma , Supervivencia de Injerto , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Interleucina-10 , Metabolismo , Interleucina-2 , Metabolismo , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos , Transfusión de Linfocitos , Linfocitos , Metabolismo , Patología , Efectos de la Radiación , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Bazo , Biología Celular , Metabolismo , Efectos de la RadiaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study if the pre-radiotherapy physical activity has radio-protective elements, by measuring the radio-induced activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as interleukin-6 (il-6), transforming growth factor -β (tgf -β), tumor necrosis factor -α (tnf-α) and protein beta kinase β (ikkβ), through western blotting analysis. METHODS: A randomized study with 28 Wistar hannover rats, males, with a mean age of 90 days and weighing about 200 grams. The animals were divided into three groups: (GI, GII and GIII). GIII group were submitted to swimming for eight weeks (zero load, three times a week, about 30 minutes). Then, the groups (except the control group) were submitted to irradiation by cobalt therapy, single dose of 3.5 gray in the whole body. All animals were sacrificed by overdose of pentobarbital, according to the time for analysis of cytokines, and then a fragment of the lower lobe of the right lung went to western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The cytokines IKK β, TNF-α and IL-6 induced by radiation in the lung were lower in the exercised animals. However, exercise did not alter the radiation-induced increase in tgf-β. CONCLUSION: The results show a lower response in relation to inflammatory cytokines in the group that practiced the exercise pre-radiotherapy, showing that exercise can protect tissues from tissue damage due to irradiation.
OBJETIVO: Verificar se a radioterapia pré-atividade física tem elementos de rádio-proteção, medindo-se a ativação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como a interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator transformador de crescimento - β (TGF - β), fator de necrose tumoral - α (TNF-α) e quinase de proteína beta β (IKK β), por meio da análise blotting ocidental. MÉTODOS: Um estudo randomizado empregando 28 ratos Wistar Hannover, machos, com idade média de 90 dias e pesando cerca de 200 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: (GI, GII e GIII). Os animais do grupo GIII foram submetidos à natação durante oito semanas (carga zero, três vezes por semana, cerca de 30 minutos). Então, os grupos (exceto o grupo controle) foram submetidos à irradiação por cobalto terapia, dose única de 3,5 cinza em todo o corpo. Todos os animais foram sacrificados por overdose de pentobarbital, de acordo com o tempo de análise de citocinas, em seguida, um fragmento do lobo inferior do pulmão direito foi a análise de mata-borrão ocidental. RESULTADOS: As citocinas IKK β, TNF-α e IL-6 induzidas por radiação no pulmão foram menores nos animais que se exercitaram. No entanto, o exercício não alterou o aumento induzido pela radiação na TGF-β. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram uma menor resposta em relação às citocinas inflamatórias no grupo que praticou o exercício físico pré-radioterapia, evidenciando que o exercício pode proteger os tecidos das lesões teciduais decorrentes da irradiação.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo , /metabolismo , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Western Blotting , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/administración & dosificación , Pulmón/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/inducido químicamente , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We identify ionizing radiation-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in human lymphocytes and their distribution in normal populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Long-range polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using two pairs of primers specific for the human mitochondrial genome were used to analyze the lymphoblastoid cell line following exposure to 10 Gy (60)Co γ-rays. Limited-condition PCR, cloning and sequencing techniques were applied to verify the mtDNA deletions detected with long-range PCR. Human peripheral blood samples were irradiated with 0, 2 and 6 Gy (60)Co γ-rays, and real-time PCR analysis was performed to validate the mtDNA deletions. In order to know the distribution of mtDNA deletions in normal population, 222 healthy Chinese adults were also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two mtDNA deletions, a 7455-bp deletion (nt475-nt7929 in heavy strand) and a 9225-bp deletion (nt7714 -nt369 in heavy strand), occurring between two 8-bp direct repeats, were identified in lymphoblastoid cells using long-range PCR, limited-condition PCR and sequencing. These results were also observed for (60)Co γ-rays irradiated human peripheral blood cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two novel mtDNA deletions, a 7455-bp deletion and a 9225-bp deletion, were induced by ionizing radiation. The rate of the mtDNA deletions within a normal population was related to the donors' age, but was independent of gender.</p>
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Humanos , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Daño del ADN , Genética , Efectos de la Radiación , ADN Mitocondrial , Genética , Efectos de la Radiación , Eliminación de Gen , Marcadores Genéticos , Linfocitos , Efectos de la Radiación , Radiación Ionizante , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in minor salivary glands and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 52 patients with ACC in minor salivary glands were reviewed. The distribution of stage was as follows: stage I (6%), stage II (21%), stage III (27%) and stage IV (46%). Counting data was analyzed by χ(2) test or Fisher's exact. Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Merier method. Statistical significance of differences in the cumulative survival curves was evaluated using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients underwent primary tumor radical resection, 39 patients (75%) received postoperative radiation. The regional recurrence rate was 37% and distant metastasis rate was 21%. The 5-, 10-year cumulative local control rate were 68% and 63% respectively. The 5-, 10-year cumulative distant control rate were 86%, 68% respectively. The 5-, 10-year tumor specific survival rates were 70% and 54% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion were relevant to the tumor specific survival of ACC in minor salivary glands.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recurrence and metastasis were the main cause of treatment failure of ACC in minor salivary glands. T stage, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion were the independent prognostic factors of ACC in minor salivary glands. Radical surgery and reasonably postoperative radiotherapy were the main treatment strategy.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico , Patología , Radioterapia , Cirugía General , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Usos Terapéuticos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Metástasis Linfática , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Aceleradores de Partículas , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Patología , Radioterapia , Cirugía General , Glándulas Salivales Menores , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy, side effects and influence of two chemotherapy regimens, paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum and paclitaxel combined with platinum, on the survival rate in patients with cervical carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty two cases with primary cervical carcinoma diagnosed and treated in the Jiangxi Maternal and Children Hospital between January 2008 and November 2009 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Seventy one cases were included in the paclitaxel group and 91 in the paclitaxel liposome group. The chemotherapy doses were as followings: paclitaxel liposome and paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2); cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) or carboplatin AUC 4 - 6, repeated every 21 days for two or three times. Radical radiotherapy was given to both groups at the same time. The efficacy was evaluated by the tumor regression and the patients were followed-up for six months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall response rates of paclitaxel group and paclitaxel liposome group were 90.1% and 89.0%, respectively (P > 0.05). The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 91.4% for the paclitaxel group and 89.2% for the paclitaxel liposom group (P > 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse effects such as rash, gastrointestinal toxicity, bone marrow suppression and muscle/joint pain in the paclitaxel liposome group was significantly lower than that in the paclitaxel group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference regarding the hair loss, liver damage, and peripheral neuritis (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Paclitaxel liposome plus platinum is a safe and effective therapeutic regimen for stage IIa-IV cervical carcinoma. However, the long-term efficacy of this regimen should be further observed.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adenocarcinoma , Patología , Terapéutica , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Usos Terapéuticos , Braquiterapia , Carboplatino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Patología , Terapéutica , Quimioradioterapia , Cisplatino , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Usos Terapéuticos , Exantema , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Radioisótopos de Iridio , Usos Terapéuticos , Liposomas , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Paclitaxel , Inducción de Remisión , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Patología , TerapéuticaRESUMEN
Postoperative radiotherapy (PRT) is widely advocated for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck that are considered to be at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment outcomes of PRT for patients with laryngeal carcinoma and to identify the value of several prognostic factors. We reviewed the records of 256 patients treated for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between January 1993 and December 2005. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was employed to identify significant prognostic factors for DFS and OS. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify covariates significantly associated with the aforementioned endpoints. Our results showed the 3-, 5-, and 10-year DFS for all patients were 69.9%, 59.5%, and 34.9%, respectively. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates were 80.8%, 68.6%, and 38.8%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for both DFS and OS on univariate analysis were grade, primary site, T stage, N stage, overall stage, lymph node metastasis, overall treatment times of radiation, the interval between surgery and radiotherapy, and radiotherapy equipment. Favorable prognostic factors for both DFS and OS on multivariate analysis were lower overall stage, no cervical lymph node metastasis, and using 60Co as radiotherapy equipment. In conclusion, our data suggest that lower overall stage, no cervical lymph node metastasis, and using 60Co as radiotherapy equipment are favorable prognostic factors for DFS and OS and that reducing the overall treatment times of radiation to 6 weeks or less and the interval between surgery and radiotherapy to less than 3 weeks are simple measures to remarkably improve treatment outcome.
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Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Patología , Radioterapia , Cirugía General , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Usos Terapéuticos , Terapia Combinada , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias Laríngeas , Patología , Radioterapia , Cirugía General , Laringectomía , Metástasis Linfática , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Periodo Posoperatorio , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>The mRNA levels of 59 genes, detected by cDNA microarray, were up-regulated in the radioresistant human esophageal cacinoma cell line TE13R120 as compared with its parental cell line TE13 before and after radiation, and the expression of NRAGE gene showed a gradually up-regulating tendency. This study aimed to further detect the differences of NRAGE gene and protein expression and apoptosis between TE13R120 and TE13 cells, and to investigate the relationship between the NRAGE and the radioresistance of TE13R120 cells and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The two cell lines were irradiated by ⁶⁰Co γ-ray at different conditions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of NRAGE. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell apoptosis before and after irradiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA level of NRAGE was higher in TE13R120 cells than in TE13 cells before and after irradiation (before radiation: 0.25 ± 0.03 vs. 0.49 ± 0.03; 4 Gy 4 h: 0.31 ± 0.03 vs. 0.53 ± 0.02; 4 Gy 16 h: 0.32 ± 0.04 vs. 0.59 ± 0.04; 4 Gy 24 h: 0.36 ± 0.05 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04; 2 Gy 12 h: 0.32 ± 0.02 vs. 0.64 ± 0.04; 6 Gy 12 h: 0.36 ± 0.02 vs. 0.79 ± 0.05; 10 Gy 12 h: 0.46 ± 0.04 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01; P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of NRAGE was increased gradually with the increase of radiation dose and time in the two cell lines (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Western blot results showed no difference of NRAGE protein level in cytoplasm between TE13R120 cells and TE13 cells before and after irradiation, but its level in nuclei was higher in TE13R120 cells than in TE13 cells at different radiation time and dosages. Immunocytochemistry showed similar results as Western blot. FCM showed no significant difference in apoptosis rate between TE13R120 and TE13 cells before and after radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NRAGE may play an important role in the radiation responses of the two cell lines, and may participate in the formation of radioresistance of TE13R120 cells by changing its subcellular localization, but its relationship with cell apoptosis has not been confirmed.</p>
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Humanos , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Genética , Metabolismo , Efectos de la Radiación , Apoptosis , Efectos de la Radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Efectos de la Radiación , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Metabolismo , Patología , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Genética , Metabolismo , Efectos de la Radiación , ARN Mensajero , Metabolismo , Efectos de la Radiación , Tolerancia a Radiación , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
The study was conducted at the Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum [RICK] during the period April 2009- August 2009. The aim of the study was to verify the superimposition of light and radiation field size on Cobalt-60 machine using image processing technique. The portal films used in the test were scanned using digitizer scanner. Then they analyzed using Interactive Digital Language [IDL] program to show the superimposition, in which more concentration was made on field center and borders, provided that the analysis included the four borders of the two fields. Both the standard deviation and the mean methods were used in the analysis process. For all score variations in this study t-test had been performed. P-value was calculated to show if there was any significant impact of each light and radiation field size variation. The result was as follows [10.0 X10.0cm], Medical physicist score was [10.3 +/- 0.11608 X 10.3 +/- 0.099861 cm] and the field size that calculates by computerized score using IDL program was [9.9 +/- 0.036049 X 9.9 +/- 0.01123 cm]. This indicates that the was within the acceptable limits for the automatic reading, as compared with the manual reading in which the penumbra was [8mm] which was very high and risky for the treatment process
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Luz , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Película para Rayos XRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Combined hypoxic cytotoxic drugs and chemoradiotherapy is an important mean of oncotherapy, and Tirapazamine (TPZ) is one of the most remarkable drugs. It has been shown that TPZ has a synergistic effect with radiotherapy on tumor cells, but whether TPZ would down-regulate the expression of the hypoxia-induced genes has not been reported. This study was to investigate the hypoxia-induced mRNA expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and osteopontin (OPN) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells and the radiosensitization of TPZ, a hypoxia-specific drug, on HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IC50 values of TPZ for HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells were measured using MTT assay, and the mRNA expressions of HIF-1alpha and OPN in HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells was determined using RT-PCR under aerobic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The survival rates of HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells treated with or without TPZ at IC10 in the presence or absence of oxygen for 6 h were determined using colony formation assay following exposure to 1-6 Gy of 60Co radiation. The dose-survival curves were plotted and the values of D0, Dq and SER were calculated as a single-hit multitarget model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IC50 values of TPZ were 34.81 μmol/L and 35.02 μmol/L in HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells under aerobic condition, and 30.20 μmol/L and 28.48 μmol/L under hypoxic condition, respectively. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and OPN mRNA were reduced by TPZ in HNE-1 cells, but not in CNE-1 cells under hypoxic condition. For the HNE-1 cells, the respective values of D0 and Dq were 0.89 Gy and 0.28 Gy following normoxic irradiation versus 1.47 Gy and 0.44 Gy following hypoxic irradiation. For the CNE-1 cells, the respective values of D0 and Dq were 0.72 Gy and 0.68 Gy following normoxic irradiation versus 0.95 Gy and 0.56 Gy following hypoxic irradiation. The values of D0 and Dq for HNE-1 and CNE-1 cells treated with TPZ under hypoxic condition following irradiation were 0.66 Gy, 0.21 Gy and 0.85 Gy, 0.79 Gy, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TPZ can down-regulate hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1alpha and OPN mRNA of HNE-1 cells and radiosensitize the HNE-1 cells but not CNE-1 cells, and act as a hypoxia modifier.</p>
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Humanos , Antineoplásicos , Farmacología , Hipoxia de la Célula , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Efectos de la Radiación , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Regulación hacia Abajo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Genética , Metabolismo , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Metabolismo , Patología , Osteopontina , Genética , Metabolismo , ARN Mensajero , Metabolismo , Tolerancia a Radiación , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones , Farmacología , Triazinas , FarmacologíaRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>The level-Ib lymph node metastasis is rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). When and how this level should be irradiated with precise radiotherapy remains controversial. This study evaluated the prevalence and prognostic significance of level-Ib lymphadenopathy on the prognosis of NPC patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1990 and December 1999, 933 newly diagnosed patients with NPC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were randomly selected, examined with computed tomography (CT) imagining for evidence of level-Ib lymphadenopathy before treatment. All patients received radical radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The relationship between level-Ib lymphadenopathy and post-treatment outcomes including overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for other prognostic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 933 patients, 55 (5.9%) were found to have level-Ib lymphadenopathy, which was associated with carotid sheath involvement, oropharynx involvement and levels, and lateral cervical lymph node involvement. In the subgroup with carotid sheath involvement, with multivariate analysis accounting for all previously known prognostic factors, level-Ib lymphadenopathy was still associated with a risk of decreased OS (RR, 2.124; P<0.001), DMFS (RR, 2.168; P<0.001), and LRFS (RR, 1.989; P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Level-Ib lymphadenopathy in the patients with carotid sheath involvement is an independent prognostic factor.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Quimioterapia , Patología , Radioterapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Usos Terapéuticos , Ganglios Linfáticos , Patología , Metástasis Linfática , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Quimioterapia , Patología , Radioterapia , Cuello , Patología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Aceleradores de Partículas , Faringe , Patología , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Radiografía , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Radiation is a promising treatment for in stent restenosis and restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, which has troubled interventional cardiologists for a long time. It inhibits neointima hyperplasia, vascular remodeling, and increases the mean luminal diameter. The mechanism of intracoronary brachytherapy for restenosis is not well understood. Endogenous gaseous transmitters including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide are closely related to restenosis. Hydrogen sulfide, a new endogenous gaseous transmitter, is able to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular remodeling. This study aimed to clarify the effect of radiation on cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in rat smooth muscle cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the effect of radiation on the cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells were radiated with (60)Co gamma at doses of 14 Gy and 25 Gy respectively. Then the mRNA level of cystathionine-gamma-lyase was studied by quantitative reverse-transcription competitive polymerase chain reaction. Hydrogen sulfide concentration in culture medium was determined by methylene blue spectrophotometry. Cystathionine-gamma-lyase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells was also studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(60)Co gamma radiation at a dose of 1 Gy did not affect the cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway significantly. However, (60)Co gamma radiation at doses of 14 Gy and 25 Gy decreased the hydrogen sulfide synthesis by 21.9% (P<0.05) and 26.8% (P<0.01) respectively. At the same time, they decreased the cystathionine-gamma-lyase activity by 15.1% (P<0.05) and 20.5% (P<0.01) respectively, and cystathionine-gamma-lyase mRNA expression by 29.3% (P<0.01) and 38.2% (P<0.01) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Appropriate (60)Co gamma radiation inhibits the H(2)S synthesis by inhibiting the gene expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and the cystathionine-gamma-lyase activity.</p>