Incidencia de fracturas dentales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of dental fractures reported in Chihuahua city during COVID-19 pandemic

Se presentan los casos de fracturas verticales sintomáticos que ameritaron la extracción de las órganos dentales afectados en un periodo de cinco meses durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 26 muestras para el estudio, proporcionadas por los cirujanos dentistas integrantes del Grupo de Egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias a lo reportado previamente respecto al tipo de diente involucrado, sexo de los pacientes, restauraciones coronales y tratamientos endodóncicos previos. Conclusiones: Se puede suponer que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida de la población, sumadas a la angustia permanente, pueden ser factores que contribuyen a las fracturas dentales (AU)

There are cases of symptomatic vertical fractures that warranted the extraction of affected teeth are presented, over a period of five months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chihuahua City, Mexico. Material and methods: 26 samples were collected for the study, provided by the dentist who were members of the Graduate Group of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Results: The results show differences from what was previously reported regarding the type of tooth involved, sex of patients, coronal restorations and previous endodontic treatments. Conclusions: It can be assumed that changes in the lifestyle of the population, added to permanent distress, may be factors to preserve dental fractures (AU)

Factors associated with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools: a cohort study

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association of demographic conditions, socioeconomic status, clinical variables, and psychosocial factors with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools. This cohort study comprised 1,134 12-year-old adolescents enrolled in public schools in Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2012. They were followed-up in 2014, where 743 individuals were reassessed (follow-up rate of 65.52%) for the number of filled teeth. Data were collected via dental examinations and structured interviews. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were collected from parents or legal guardians. The psychosocial factor comprised students' subjective measurement of happiness (Brazilian version of the Subjective Happiness Scale - SHS). Dental examinations were performed to assess the number of filled teeth through decay, missing, and filled teeth index (DMF-T). Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association between baseline variables and filled teeth at follow-up. The number of filled teeth in 2012 and 2014 were 193 (17.02%) and 235 (31.63%), respectively. The incidence of filled teeth in 2014 was 42 (5.65%). Adolescents with untreated dental caries, those who visited the dentist in the last 6 months, those that exhibited being happier, and those who had filled teeth at baseline were associated with a higher number of filled teeth at follow-up. We conclude that the number of filled teeth in adolescents was influenced by clinical and psychosocial factors, emphasizing the need to focus on oral health policies in individuals with higher disease burden and those who feel psychologically inferior.

Time expended on managing molar incisor hypomineralization in a pediatric dental clinic in Nigeria

Abstract This study assessed the difference in the number of visits made to a dental care clinic and the time spent providing specific dental treatment for children with and without molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Children aged 8 to 16 years who presented at the Pediatric Dental Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were eligible for the study. A comprehensive medical and dental history was taken, and each child was clinically examined, diagnosed, and treated according to a drawn-up plan. The time taken to establish a diagnosis and to provide specific treatments (scaling and polishing, restoration, pulpectomy, extraction, and placement of stainless steel crowns) and the number of visits made to complete the treatment plan were recorded for each child. Differences in the number of visits, time expended to make a diagnosis and to treat children with and without MIH were analyzed. The average time for diagnosis (p = 0.001) and the average time for placing amalgam restorations (p = 0.008) were significantly longer in children with MIH than in those without it. Children with MIH made more visits to the clinic (p < 0.001).There was no significant difference in the average time for scaling and polishing (p = 0.08), glass ionomer cement restorations (p = 0.99), composite restorations (p = 0.26), pulpectomy (p = 0.42), tooth extraction (p = 0.06), and placement of a stainless steel crown (p = 0.83) in children with and without MIH. In conclusion, children with MIH required more time for oral health care. Placing amalgam restorations took significantly longer than placing tooth bonding restorative materials in children with MIH than in those without it.

Reports of uncontrolled clinical trials for directly placed restorations in vital teeth

Abstract Uncontrolled trials are criticized as unreliable. This study aimed to establish how the number of published reports from uncontrolled clinical trials compares to that of controlled trials for directly placed restorations in vital teeth and whether their annual number is increasing, stable or decreasing. PubMed was searched and suitable citations of uncontrolled and controlled trial reports published between 1990-2016 were included. Reference check and hand searching were conducted. The median annual report number with 25 and 75% percentile was calculated for both types of trials. 695 reports were found. The median number of reports per year was 4 (3-7) and 22 (15-26) from uncontrolled and controlled trials, respectively. A statistically significant decreasing ratio of uncontrolled to controlled trial reports was observed (p = 0.01) by linear regression analysis. The number of reports of uncontrolled clinical trials listed in PubMed over the last 27 years appears at least five times smaller than that of controlled clinical trials and its number in relation to that of controlled trials seems to decrease over time.

Restauración post-endodoncia y condición social como factor de preservación dentaria: parte 1 / Post-endodontic restoration and social condition as afactor of tooth preservation. part 1

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado dental de piezas endodonciadas en correlación conlas variables de restauración coronaria, nivel de estudio, condición laboral y acceso a servicios odontológicos. Para ello, se analizó una población de individuos, compuesta por sujetos concurrentes a los cursos de posgrado de Endodoncia del Círculo Odontológico de Córdoba y al servicio de la Cátedra“B” de Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Se hicieron tratamientos controlados durante dieciocho meses. La muestra total la conformaron 144 pacientes y se trataron 174 casos. Sólo asistieron a control el 48,6 por ciento de los pacientes, de los cuales se evaluaron 89 dientes. El estudio mostró 37 casos con restauración coronaria definitiva sin fracturas, 52 dientes sinrestauración, 21 con fracturas y 1 se perdió. Se observó un incremento de fracturas en control a los 18 meses. La tasa de fracturas evidenció un mayor porcentaje en pacientes con nivel de estudio alto, menor en pacientes sin trabajo, y mayor en pacientes con trabajo estable y precario. El tipo de atención no se diferenció, pero los porcentajes observados sugieren que los atendidos en asistencia pública tendrían más probabilidad de fracturas. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de restauraciones definitivas enatención privada y menor en consultorios públicos. El elevado porcentaje de inasistencia a controlesmotivó un análisis específico, del cual se pudo concluir que a mayor estabilidad laboral, de estudios yde asistencia privada, mayor fue la asistencia a controles. Estos datos revelan información importantepara establecer políticas públicas de la atención posendodoncia.

The aim of this study was to know the dental state of endodontic pieces in correlation with different variables such as coronary restoration, level of study, employment status and access to dental services.To do so, we analyzed a population composed of subjects who participated in two different graduate courses at the Círculo Odontológico de Córdoba and the “Chair B” of Endodontics of the Faculty ofDentistry, National University of Córdoba. Treatments were clinically and radiographically controlled for eighteen months. The total sample included 144 patients and 174 treatments. Only 48.6% patients attended the control, 89 teeth of whom were evaluated. The study showed 37 cases with definitivecoronary restoration without fractures, 52 teeth without restoration, 21 with fractures, and 1 was lost.The fracture rate showed an increase in patients with high level of study, a decrease in unemployed patients, and an increase in both patients with stable and precarious work. The kind of attention didnot differ, but the observed percentages suggest that patients treated in public services would be morelikely to suffer from fractures. There was a higher percentage of definitive restorations in private services,and lower in public ones. The high percentage of non-attendance to controls motivated a specific analysis, from which it is possible to conclude that the more job stability, studies and private access todental services, the more the attendance to controls. These data reveal important evidence in order to establish public policies of post-endodontic services.

Restauración post-endodoncia y condición social como factor de preservación dentaria: parte 2 / Post-endodontic restoration and social condition asa factor of tooth preservation. Part 2

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado dental de piezas endodonciadas en correlación conlas variables de restauración coronaria, estado periodontal, nivel de estudio, condición laboral y acceso a servicios odontológicos. Para ello, se analizó una población de individuos compuesta por sujetos concurrentes a los cursos de posgrado de Endodoncia, del Círculo Odontológico de Córdoba, y al servicio de la Cátedra “B” de Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Se hicieron tratamientos controlados durante dieciocho meses. La muestra total la conformaron 144 pacientes y se trataron 174 casos. El estudio mostró 37 casos con restauración coronaria definitiva sin fracturas, 52 dientes sin restauración, 21 con fracturas y 1 se perdió. De los dientes restaurados, el55,6 por ciento mostraron periodonto normal; 22,2 por ciento gingivitis, y 22 por ciento periodontitis leve. De los dientes sin restauración, el 3,9 por ciento mostraron periodonto normal; 7,8 por ciento gingivitis; 31,4 por ciento periodontitis leve; 35,3 por ciento periodontitis grave y 21,6 por ciento periodontitis complicada. De los dientes fracturados, el 16,7 por ciento mostraron periodonto normal o gingivitis; 35,3 por ciento periodontitis leve y grave, y un 72,7 por ciento periodontitis complicada. No se demostró asociación entre nivel de estudios, condición laboral y tipo de atención con fracturas de los pacientes, pero los porcentajes sugieren más probabilidad de sufrir fractura en los pacientes de la asistencia pública. El elevado porcentaje de inasistencia a control motivó un análisis específico, del cual se pudo concluir que cuanto más grave la patología periodontal, mayor el porcentaje de inasistencia. El estudio permitió observar desigualdad en el acceso a los servicios odontológicos, dientes no rehabilitados y con compromiso periodontal.

The aim of this study was to know the dental state of endodontic pieces in correlation with different variables such as coronary restoration, periodontic condition, level of study, employment status and access to dental services. A population composed of patients treated in two different postgraduate courses at the Círculo Odontológico de Córdoba and Chair “B” of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,National University of Córdoba were analyzed. Treatments were clinically and radiographicallycontrolled for eighteen months. The total sample included 144 patients and 174 treatments. The studyshowed 37 cases with definitive coronary restoration without fractures, 52 teeth without restoration,21 with fractures, and 1 was lost. From restored teeth, 55.6% showed normal periodontium, 22.2%gingivitis, and 22% mild periodontitis. From teeth without restoration, 3.9% showed normalperiodontitis, 7.8% gingivitis, 31.4% mild periodontitis, 35.3% severe periodontitis and 21.6%complicated periodontitis. From fractured teeth, 16.7% showed normal periodontitis or gingivitis, 35.3% had mild and severe periodontitis, and 72.7% had complicated periodontitis. There has beenno correlation between level of education, work status, and kind of service on patient with fractures,but the percentage suggest that patients in public assistance are more likely to suffer fracture. The highpercentage of non-attendance to control led to a specific analysis, from which it is possible to concludedthat the more severe the periodontal disease, the greater the percentage of non-attendance. The study showed inequality in access to dental services, un rehabilitated teeth and with periodontal compromise.

Estudio radiográfico de la calidad de 700 tratamientos endodónticos de piezas dentarias unirradiculares / Radiographic study of root canal treatments quality in 700 single rooted teeth

Objetivo: evaluar radiográficamente la calidad de 700 tratamientos endodónticos realizados a nivel nacional entre los años 2004 y 2014. Materiales y métodos: en un total de 700 tratamientos endodónticos de incisivos y caninos inferiores y superiores humanos, se analizó la calidad de la obturación endodóntica en relación con su límite apical, homogeneidad, material empleado y el respeto de la anatomía original. Asimismo, fueron consideradas la restauración coronaria y la existencia de anclajes intrarradiculares. En cuanto a la calidad global, se calculó la frecuencia porcentual de casos incorrectos y el correspondiente intervalo de confianza (95 por ciento). Resultados: se observó un 48,1 +- 3,7 por ciento de tratamientos deficientes. Del total de dientes evaluados clínicamente, el 26,7 por ciento presentaba restauraciones coronarias, el 65,9 por ciento coronas y el 7,4 por ciento obturaciones temporarias o ausencia de restauración. En el análisis radiográfico, el 63 por ciento tenía anclajes intrarradiculares. Conclusión: la frecuencia de tratamientos deficientes hallada es una información relevante al establecer políticas para la atención de la salud y la formación de recursos profesionales.

Aim: the radiographic evaluation the quality of 700 endodontic treatments performed during 2004-2014, in the national environment. Materials and methods: The endodontic obturationquality in relation to the apical limit, homogeneity, material usedand the original anatomic consideration were analyzed in 700 radiographic images from human maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines. The coronal restoration and the presence of intracanal anchorage were also considered. In the case of overal lquality, percent frequency of incorrect treatments as well as thecorresponding confidence interval (95%) was calculated. Results: 48.1 ± 3.7% of deficient treatments were observed. From the total of the clinical evaluated teeth 26.7% showed coronal restorations, 65.9% crowns and 7.4% temporaryor absent coronal fillings. In the radiographic analysis 63% showed intracanal anchorage. Conclusion: The frequency of deficient treatments thatwas found is relevant information that has to be taken intoaccount when establishing policies for health care servicesand professional training.

Evaluación del tratamiento endodóntico y su relación con el tipo y la calidad de la restauración definitiva / Evaluation of edodontic treatment and its relationship with the type and quality of the definitive restoration

Introducción El éxito endodóntico está determinado por la calidad de los tratamientos de canales radiculares y restaurador, en conjunto con la ausencia de signos y síntomas. Objetivo Determinar el porcentaje de éxito de tratamientos de conductos y su relación con el tipo y la calidad de la restauración coronaria. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio clínico retrospectivo en donde se evaluaron 227 dientes sometidos a tratamiento de canales radiculares con 4 años de evolución, por un dentista contralor, que realizó el examen clínico y radiográfico de estos dientes, evaluando los signos y síntomas que presentaron y el tipo y la calidad del tratamiento restaurador. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa estadístico STATA 13. Resultados En los tratamientos evaluados existe un porcentaje de éxito del 93,8% y un 6,2% de fracaso, además de una asociación significativa en cuanto a que los dientes con una restauración coronaria adecuada, directa o indirecta, están relacionados con tratamientos considerados como exitosos, mediante test de Fisher (valor p < 0,01) con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran un alto porcentaje de éxito de los dientes tratados endodónticamente (93,8%) y que existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la calidad de la obturación y la sintomatología (p < 0,01) con un nivel de confianza del 95%.

Introduction Success in endodontic treatment is determined by the quality of the root canal treatment and definitive coronal restoration, with the absence of signs and symptoms. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of root canal treatment and its relationship with the type and quality of the coronary restoration. Material and methods A retrospective clinical study was conducted on 227 endodontically treated teeth over a period of 4 years. The analysis was performed by a comptroller dentist, who carried out the clinical and radiographical examination, evaluating signs and symptoms and the type and quality of the coronary restoration. The data analysis was performed using the STATA 13 statistics program. Results The results obtained show that there is a success rate of 93.8% and a 6.2% failure rate of the teeth evaluated. There was also significant evidence as regards teeth with proper restorations, whether direct or indirect, and root canal treatments considered as successful, according to Fisher's Test (P<.01), with a confidence level of 95%. Conclusions It can be concluded with the results obtained, that there is a high success rate (93.8%), and that there is a statistically significant association between the quality of the restoration and the presence of symptoms.

Tiempo de vida de las restauraciones dentales libres de metal: revisión sistemática / Lifetime of metal-free dental restorations: a systematic review

En la actualidad existen muchos materiales dentales para la restauraciónestética, sin embargo, su tiempo de vida clínico no se conoce ampliamente. Objetivo: Identificar las publicaciones recientes de los materiales de restauración libre de metal que incluyan estudios clínicos. Metodología: La búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se realizó en bases de datos de PubMed y SciELO; se consideraron publicacionesdel 2010-2015 y que fueran investigaciones clínicas exclusivamente.Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: Veneer crowns, dental restorationsfree metal, metal free crowns, aesthetic crowns y restauraciones libres de metal, coronas de silicato de litio, tipos de cerámicas. Resultados: Se revisaron 40 artículos y 20 cumplieron con los criterios de selección para la revisión bibliográfica. Todas las restauraciones protésicas libres de metal muestran un desempeño clínico muy similar a los tres años. Las restauraciones de zirconia y disilicato de litio por CAD mostraronel mejor éxito clínico. Conclusión: El éxito clínico de las restauracioneslibres de metal de esta revisión de la literatura muestra que van de un92.7 al 100 por ciento a tres o más años de seguimiento...

Supervivencia y estado de restauraciones con ionómero vítreo en un programa escolar docente-asistencial / Survival and status of glass ionomer restorations at a teaching care school program

Objetivos: describir la supervivencia y estado post-1 año de restauraciones con ionómero vítreo (IV) realizadas por recurso humano preprofesional y analizar la asociación entre el estado de las mismas y variables intervinientes. Métodos: se evaluaron 129 restauraciones (en 54 escolares; edad: 6 y 7 años) con IV (Ketac Molar Easymix), realizadas por estudiantes del último año de la carrera de odontología en un programa escolar con un a técnica sistematizada basada en los criterios de la restauración atraumática. Para la evaluación, cuatro examinadores basaron sus observaciones en el criterio de Franken que establece 7 categorías: 0= presente en buenas condiciones, 1= ligero defecto marginal, 2= ligero desgaste, 3= defecto marginal >0,5 mm, 4= desgaste >0,5 mm, 5= restauración partida o parcialmente perdida y 6= no presente. Para su análisis descriptivo, fueron reagrupadas en 3 categorías en términos de necesidad de reintervención: N1 (0 y 2) no necesita reintervención, N2 (1 y 3) necesita mínima intervención y N3 (4, 5 y 6) requiere reemplazo. Se consideran variables intervinientes: dentición, extensión de la cavidad y presencia de lesiones activas de caries en la cavidad bucal post-1 año clínica. Se calcularon las distribuciones de frecuencia y se estudió asociación con la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: la tasa de supervivencia post -1 año fue de 94,6 por ciento. El estado de las restauraciones mostró asociación significativa con la presencia de actividad de caries en boca en el momento de la evaluación. Conclusiones: la tasa de supervivencia de las restauraciones con IV post-1 año realizadas por recursos humano preprofesional supervisado, fue alta. La presencia de actividad de caries en boca podría ser una variable del estado de las restauraciones

Periradicular lesions in HIV-infected patients attending the faculty of dentistry: clinical findings, socio-demographics status, habits and laboratory data - seeking an association

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian patients and to assess the correlation of several factors with the periradicular status. METHOD: One hundred full-mouth periapical radiographs were evaluated. A total of 2,214 teeth were evaluated for the presence of periradicular lesions, caries lesions, coronal restorations, pulp cavity exposure and endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions was 46%. There were no significant differences between individuals with or without periradicular lesions with respect to their socio-demographic status, habits, laboratory data and route of HIV infection. However, the presence of a periradicular lesion was statistically correlated with the number of teeth with endodontic treatment (p = 0.018), inadequate endodontic treatment (p = 0.025), images suggesting pulp cavity exposure (p = 0.002) and caries lesions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected individuals was 46% and was not related to HIV infection. .

Anterior composite restorations in clinical practice: findings from a survey with general dental practitioners

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess technical preferences of general dental practitioners when restoring anterior composite restorations. How the level of clinical experience or post-graduate training infuenced their options was also tested. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a questionnaire with general dental practitioners (GDPs) (n=276) in Southern Brazil. Information regarding post graduation training (specialization, master's or PhD degree) and linical experience (years since completing graduation) were gathered. The options regarding anterior composite restorations (type of composite, adhesive system, light curing unit, polishing procedures and rubber dam use) were collected. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and associations were tested. Results: Response rate was 68% (187). GDPs selected microhybrid composite (52%) and 2-step total etch adhesive system (77%). LED was the preferred method of activation for 72.8%. Immediate polishing was preferred by 75%, using a combination of techniques. Most of the respondents (74.3%) did not use rubber dam. More experienced clinicians used more halogen lights (p<0.022), performed more light monitoring (p<0.001) and were resistant to use rubber dam (p<0.012). Dentists with post-graduation training used 3-etch-and-rinse system more frequently (p<0.04), usually monitored light intensity (p<0.014) and placed rubber dam more frequently (p<0.044). Conclusions: Hybrid composite, simplifed adhesives, LED units and immediate polishing were preferred by Southern Brazilian dentists for anterior composite restorations. Few dentists used rubber dam to perform composite restorations in anterior teeth. Clinical experience and post-graduation training infuenced the dentists' choices. .

Carie dentaria e necessidades de tratamento em adolescentes paulistas / Caries dentaria y necesidades de tratamiento en adolescentes paulistas / Dental caries and treatment needs in adolescents from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de cárie dentária e necessidades de tratamento em crianças de 12 anos e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base nos resultados dos levantamentos epidemiológicos Condições de Saúde Bucal no Estado de São Paulo em 2002 e Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil) 2010. Foram analisados os dados secundários de 5.782 crianças (2002) de 12 anos e outras 369 (2010); e para a faixa de 15 a 19 anos foram analisados 880 jovens (2002) e 300 jovens em 2010. A experiência de cárie foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) e foram verificadas as necessidades de tratamento odontológico segundo os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O índice Significant Caries Index foi empregado para medir a severidade da cárie no terço do grupo que apresentou maior prevalência da doença. Para a análise dos resultados utilizaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney, com nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição de 39,3 pontos percentuais no índice CPOD aos 12 anos (p < 0,001) e de 41,1 pontos percentuais nos adolescentes (p < 0,001) entre 2002 e 2010, e aumento de aproximadamente 161,0 pontos percentuais e 303,0 pontos percentuais no grupo livres de cárie, respectivamente. A porcentagem de dentes restaurados diminuiu nos dois grupos etários, mas a prevalência de dentes cariados não se alterou para o grupo de alta experiência de cárie. No grupo de baixa experiência de cárie ocorreu diminuição do componente perdido para os adolescentes e aumento do componente cariado aos 12 anos e adolescentes. Houve aumento da necessidade de tratamento endodôntico no grupo total e no de alta experiência de cárie aos 12 anos; e entre os adolescentes ...

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de caries dentaria y necesidades de tratamiento en niños de 12 años y adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con base en los resultados de las pesquisas epidemiológicas de las Condiciones de Salud Bucal en el Estado de Sao Paulo en 2002 y Proyecto SBBrasil2010. Se analizaron los datos secundarios de 5.782 niños (2002) de 12 años y 369 (2010); y para el grupo etario de 15 a 19 años se analizaron 880 jóvenes (2002) y 300 jóvenes en 2010. La experiencia de caries fue evaluada por el índice CPOD (dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados) y se verificaron las necesidades de tratamiento odontológico según los criterios propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El índice Significant Caries Index fue empleado para medir la severidad de la caries en el tercio del grupo que presentó mayor prevalencia de la enfermedad. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y Mann-Whitney, con nivel de 5% de significancia. RESULTADOS: Hubo disminución de 39,3 puntos porcentuales en el índice CPOD a los 12 años (p<0,001) y de 41,1 puntos porcentuales en los adolescentes (p<0,001) entre 2002 y 2010 y aumento de aproximadamente 161,0 puntos porcentuales y 303,0 puntos porcentuales en el grupo libres de caries, respectivamente. El porcentaje de dientes restaurados disminuyó en los dos grupos etarios, pero la prevalencia de dientes cariados no se alteró para el grupo con alta experiencia de caries. En el grupo con baja experiencia de caries ocurrió disminución del componente perdido para los adolescentes y aumento del componente cariado para los de 12 años y adolescentes. Hubo aumento de la necesidad de tratamiento endodóntico en el grupo total y en el de alta experiencia de caries a los 12 años; y entre los adolescentes la necesidad de restauración ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in 12-year-olds and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on results from the epidemiological surveys: Oral Health Conditions in the State of Sao Paulo, 2002 and the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil) 2010. Secondary data for 5,782 (2002) and 369 (2010) 12-year-olds and 880 (2002) and 300 (2010) 15- to 19-year-olds were analyzed. Dental caries attack was evaluated using the DMFT (decayed, missing or filled teeth) index and the need for treatment verified using the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. The Significant Caries Index was used to measure the severity of the decay in the tercile of the group with the highest prevalence of the disease. In order to analyze the results, the Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used, with a 5% significance. RESULTS: There was a decrease of 39.3 percentage points in the DMFT index for 12-year-olds (p < 0.001) and of 41.1 percentage points for the adolescents (p < 0.001) between 2002 and 2010, and an increase of around 161.0 and 303.0 percentage in the group which was free from dental caries respectively. The percentage of restored teeth decreased in both age groups, although the prevalence of dental caries did not change in the group more affected by dental caries. In the group with few dental caries, there was a decrease in the component ‘tooth loss’ for adolescents and increase in the component ‘decayed teeth’ for the 12-years-old and the adolescents. There was an increase in the need for dental treatment in the group as a whole and in the group of 12-year-olds more affected by dental caries; and among the adolescents, the need for restoration on two or more surface decreased in the group as a whole and also in the group which suffered least from dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: The decreasing need for non-complex treatment in adolescents suggests that promotion ...

Condicoes dentarias entre adultos brasileiros de 1986 a 2010 / Condiciones dentarias entre adultos brasilenos de 1986 a 2010 / Dental health in Brazilian adults between 1986 and 2010

OBJETIVO: Identificar tendências do padrão da cárie dentária em adultos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados provenientes de levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados pelo Ministério da Saúde nos anos de 1986, 2003 e 2010. A experiência de cárie, expressa pelo índice CPOD (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados), e a saúde dentária, expressa pelo índice OH-D (dentes hígidos + obturados) relativo ao número de dentes funcionais, foram comparadas em amostras aleatórias de residentes de 35 a 44 anos de idade em cada região brasileira. As diferenças nas condições dentárias entre os anos foram estimadas por meio da razão dos valores dos índices, empregando-se análise de regressão de Poisson ajustada pela idade. RESULTADOS: Houve reduções no índice CPOD e aumento no índice OH-D em todas as regiões no período de 1986 a 2010. A região Norte, que tinha o pior padrão em 1986, apresentou o maior ganho em termos de dentição funcional. CONCLUSÕES: Tem ocorrido uma transição da saúde bucal para melhor nos adultos brasileiros. É plausível que a adição de flúor à água e ao creme dental, maior incorporação de serviços restauradores e a melhoria nos indicadores de desenvolvimento humano decorrentes de políticas públicas estejam relacionados a essa melhora. .

OBJETIVO: Identificar tendencias del patrón de la caries dentaria en adultos brasileños. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos provenientes de pesquisas epidemiológicas realizadas por el Ministerio de la Salud en los años de 1986, 2003 y 2010. La experiencia de caries, expresada por el índice CPOD (dientes permanentes cariados, perdidos y obturados) y la salud dentaria, expresada por el índice OH-D (dientes hígidos + obturados) relativo al número de dientes funcionales, fue comparada en muestras aleatorias de residentes de 35 a 44 años de edad en cada región brasileña. Las diferencias en las condiciones dentarias entre los años fueron estimadas por medio del cociente de los valores de los índices, empleándose análisis de regresión de Poisson ajustado por la edad. RESULTADOS: Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract Miolo abstract. CONCLUSIONES: Ha ocurrido una transición de la salud bucal para mejor en los adultos brasileños. Es plausible que la adición de flúor en el agua y en la crema dental, mayor incorporación de servicios restauradores y la mejoría en los indicadores de desarrollo humano decurrentes de políticas públicas, pueden estar relacionados con esta mejoría. .

OBJECTIVE: To identify trends in the pattern of dental caries in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Data from epidemiological surveys carried out by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1986, 2003 and 2010 were used. Dental caries experience, using the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and dental health, expressed by the FS-T index (filled and sound teeth) related to functional teeth, were compared using random samples of 35 to 44 year old residents of each region of Brazil. The differences in dental health between the years were estimated using the ratio of the index values, by Poisson regression analysis adjusted for age. RESULTS: Reduction in the DMFT index and increase in the FS-T index in all regions in the period between 1986 and 2010. The North, where the worst standards were found in 1986, showed the greatest improvements in terms of functional teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The dental health of Brazilian adults changed for the better. It is plausible that this oral health transition is related to the addition of fluoride to water and to toothpaste as well as increased incorporation of restorative services and improvements in human development due to public policies. .

Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs amongst the school children of three educational zones of urban Delhi, India.

Context : Dental caries is the most common oral disease that affects significant number of Indian population. The prevalence of caries in India is reported 31.5% to 89%. Aims : T0 his study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in school going children of Delhi. Materials and Methods : A0 school based cross-sectional study was conducted in various educational zones of Delhi. A total of 520 school children in age range of 9-12 years were examined using WHO (1997) criteria. Statistical Analysis Used : C0 hi-square test. Results : T0 he prevalence of dental caries was found to be 52.3% with mean deft and DMFT of 0.5038 ± 1.0859 and 0.8250 ± 1.3437, respectively. Besides various treatment needs 49.7% required restorative treatment. Conclusion : T0 he prevalence of dental caries in Delhi school children is high with D+d components comprising of more than 95%. This indicates lack of awareness and affordability to the dental facilities available. Therefore, there is a need to develop preventive and promotional oral health strategies to combat this infectious disease.

Using zero inflated models to analyze dental caries with many zeroes.

Aim: The study aimed to analyze and determine the factors associated with dental caries experience contains many zeros by zero inflated models. Design: A cross sectional design was employed using clinical examination and questionnaire with interview method. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted during March-August 2007 in Dharwad, Karnataka, India, involved a systematic random samples of 1760 individuals aged 18-40 years. The dental caries examination was carried out by using DMFT index (i.e. Decayed (D), Missing (M), Filled (F)). The DMFT index data contains many zeros were analyzed with Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models. Results: The study findings indicated, the variables such as family size, frequency of brushing and duration of change of toothbrush were positively associated with dental caries. But the variable the frequency of sweet consumption is negatively associated with dental caries experience in Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models. Conclusions: The ZIP model is a very good fit over the standard Poisson model and the ZINB is the better statistical fit compared to the Negative Binomial model. The Zero Inflated Negative Binomial model is better fit over the Zero Inflated Poisson model for modeling the DMF count data.

Statistical results on restorative dentistry experiments: effect of the interaction between main variables

Statistical analysis interpretation is a critical field in scientifc research. When there is more than one main variable being studied in a research, the effect of the interaction between those variables is fundamental on experiments discussion. However, some doubts can occur when the p-value of the interaction is greater than the signifcance level. OBJECTIVE: To determine the most adequate interpretation for factorial experiments with p-values of the interaction nearly higher than the signifcance level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The p-values of the interactions found in two restorative dentistry experiments (0.053 and 0.068) were interpreted in two distinct ways: considering the interaction as not signifcant and as signifcant. RESULTS: Different findings were observed between the two analyses, and studies results became more coherent when the signifcant interaction was used. CONCLUSION: The p-value of the interaction between main variables must be analyzed with caution because it can change the outcomes of research studies. Researchers are strongly advised to interpret carefully the results of their statistical analysis in order to discuss the findings of their experiments properly.

Dental caries and tooth loss in adults in a Brazilian southeastern state

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze dental caries experience of adults living in the southeastern state of São Paulo, Brazil, according to some socio-demographic conditions of this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,159 school teachers and workers (35 to 44 years old) from 29 cities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: 92.3 percent were dentate and the DMFT index (number of decayed, missing and filled teeth) was 21.0 and the mean number of decayed teeth was 1.1, with no significant difference among adults from regions with and without fluoridation. Male subjects presented the highest mean values of "D" (decayed teeth) and "M" (missing teeth) components. The percentage of caries-free subjects was higher among white subjects, as well as the mean number of teeth present in the mouth. The mean values of the "F" component (filled teeth) [9.81] and present teeth [19.3] were higher for adults from fluoridated water regions. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the worse condition observed was the early tooth loss in all groups. In addition, people with worse socio-demographic conditions had worse oral health conditions. It is expected that oral health programs targeted to this population could be established with the goal of improving the oral health conditions of this population and hence the maintenance of the teeth for a longer period in function.

Barriers to the adoption of the ART approach as perceived by dental practitioners in governmental dental clinics, in Tanzania

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the barriers to the practice of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) as perceived by dental practitioners working in pilot dental clinics, and determine the influence of these barriers on the practice of ART. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A validated and tested questionnaire on barriers that may hinder the practice of ART was administered to 20 practitioners working in 13 pilot clinics. Factor analysis was performed to generate barrier factors. These were patient load, management support, cost sharing, ART skills and operator opinion. The pilot clinics kept records of teeth extracted; teeth restored by conventional approach and teeth restored by ART approach. These treatment records were used to compute the percentage of ART restorations to total teeth treated, percentage of ART restorations to total teeth restored and percentage of total restorations to total teeth treated. The mean barrier scores were generated and compared to independent variables, using the t-test. The influence of barriers to ART-related dependent variables was determined using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Mean barrier values were low, indicating low influence on ART practice. Female practitioners had higher scores on patient load than male practitioners (p = 0.003). Assistant Dental Officers had higher scores on cost sharing than Dental Therapists (p = 0.024). Practitioners working in urban clinics had higher mean scores on patient load than those who worked in rural clinics (p = 0.0008). All barrier factors were negatively correlated with ART practice indices but all had insignificant association with ART practice indices. CONCLUSION: The barriers studied were of low magnitude, with no significant impact on practice of ART in dental clinics in the pilot area.

Dental caries and treatment needs of children (6-10 years) in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Objective : This study was done to examine caries prevalence and corresponding treatment needs in school children of rural areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan. Materials and Methods : A total of 750 children of rural areas in the age group of 6-10 years were examined, using WHO index, to record the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using chi square test. Results : Dental caries was found in 63.20% children, and 85.07% children needed dental treatment. The highest need was of one surface filling (85.73%) followed by sealant (51.20%). Conclusion : Dental caries showed to be a significant health issue in the rural population requiring immediate attention.