[Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by produced iron nanoparticles]

Groundwater treatment by nano particles has received increasing interest in recent years. Chromium is a commonly identified contaminant in soils and groundwater. Zero-valent iron, as a natural reduction agent can be used in controlling of contaminated sites. The aim of this research is investigation of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions by using of iron nano particles the effective parameters. In this research the synthesized of the iron nano particles has performed by addition of NaBH4 to FeCl3 6H2O solution and Cr[VI] reduction efficiency in Batch system was studied. Also the impact of the important field parameters including pH, initial chromium concentration, nano zero valent iron concentration and retention time were investigated. The results of this research showed that synthesized particles were in nano scale. In pH=3, chromium inlet concentration of 10 mg L-1, nano zero valent iron concentration 0.5 g L-1 and 2 minute retention time, 100% of Cr[VI] was removed. The concentration of nano zero valent iron had significant effect on the reduction of Cr[VI]. The reaction occurred in a wide range of pH value and the reaction efficiency increased significantly with decreasing initial pH. The significant removal efficiency, high rate of process and short reaction time were showed that iron nano particles have significant potential in removal ofCr[VI] from contaminated water

[Nutritional status and associated non-dietary factors in the elderly living in nursing homes of Tehran and Shemiranant, 2004]

To determine nutritional status and associated non-dietary factors in the elderly living in nursing homes of Tehran and Shemiranat, 2004. In a cross-sectional study that used two-stage cluster sampling, 290 elderly subjects were randomly selected from 15 nursing homes. We measured anthropometric indices and filled the MNA questionnaire] Mini Nutritional Assessment] and another one dealing with non-dietary factors associated with nutritional status. We calculated the total MNA score for nutritional status and determined the correlations between factors and total point were analyzed. In this survey, 12.8% of the subjects were malnourished and 56.2% were at risk of malnutrition. Data analysis indicated that the use of drugs, psychological stress or acute disease, mobility, neuropsychological problems, depression, time spend, self assessment of nutritional and health status had significant relationship with nutritional status as measured by the MNA. According to high percentage of malnourished subjects and those at risk of malnutrition, nutritional interventions seem necessary. In addition, to diagnose early malnutrition; we suggest filling the MNA questionnaire for every elderly person upon admission to the nursing home