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1.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2022 Dec; 65(4): 864-868
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223360

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Anaplasia is a rare phenomenon seen in childhood RMS. The most common histologic subtype was Embryonal followed by Alveolar and spindle subtype. Design: A total of 11 cases of pediatric RMS were selected from January 2017 to June 2019 presenting at various sites. Out of 11 cases, 2 were further diagnosed as Embryonal, 2 as Alveolar, 2 as Pleomorphic, 1 as Spindle subtype and rest 4 as RMS-NOS based on morphology. All cases were positive for Desmin. The presence of cells with lobated, hyperchromatic nuclei at least three times larger than the tumor cell (anaplastic cells) was selected as the main criterion to diagnose Anaplasia. Results: Out of the total 11 cases, anaplasia was seen in 7 cases. Out of these seven, five cases showed Focal Anaplasia (FA) (71.4%) and 2 cases showed Diffuse Anaplasia (DA) (28.6%). Out of 2 cases of Embryonal RMS one exhibited focal anaplasia (50%). One case of Spindle RMS showed diffuse anaplasia, 2 cases of pleomorphic RMS showed focal anaplasia. Out of 3 cases of RMS- NOS, 2 exhibited focal anaplaisa and one displayed Diffuse anaplasia. Both Alveolar RMS had no features of anaplasia. Conclusion: Presence of Anaplasia is a frequent observation in pediatric RMS. Anaplasia is often under reported in pediatric RMS. Pathologist should be more aware of this rare phenomenon.

2.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2022 Mar; 65(1): 152-156
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223189

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Primary Breast Sarcomas (PBS) are rare malignancies and seen in less than <1 % of all breast malignancies. PBS are non epithelial, composed of mesenchymal mammary tissue and are difficult to diagnose from other sarcomas arising in breast. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology and slides of breast malignancies over a period of 5 years were reviewed. Out of total 1570 breast malignancies, 5 cases were reported as PBS. Diagnosis was made on the basis of Histopathology and IHC findings. Results: Out of total 1570 cases, 5 cases were diagnosed as PBS (i.e. 0.32% of all cases). 3 out of 5 cases were males comprising of 60% of cases and 2 cases were females accounting for 40% of cases. The age group of presentation was 32-65 years with mean age being 48.5 years. A diagnosis of MPNST was rendered in two cases ( 1=M, 1=F), one each was diagnosed as DFSP ( with fibrosarcoma), Leiomyosarcoma and Fibrosarcoma. Conclusion: PBS is an extremely rare entity and locally aggressive. It requires diagnosis as its treatment protocol is different.

3.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2002 May; 100(5): 334-5
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-101288

RÉSUMÉ

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea is known to occur with broad spectrum antibiotics. Lactobacillus has been used for prophylaxis and therapy of this condition. In a double blind controlled study, the antibiotic containing ampicillin (250 mg) and cloxacillin (250 mg) with or without protected lactobacilli was evaluated in 740 patients undergoing cataract surgery. The incidence of diarrhoea in patients receiving plain antibiotic was 13.3% compared to 0.0% in patients receiving antibiotic with protected lactobacilli (p<0.001). The study demonstrates that antibiotic formulations containing protected lactobacilli maintain prophylactic effect of lactobacilli.


Sujet(s)
Ampicilline/effets indésirables , Antibioprophylaxie , Cloxacilline/effets indésirables , Diarrhée/induit chimiquement , Méthode en double aveugle , Femelle , Humains , Lactobacillus , Mâle , Pénicillines/effets indésirables , Probiotiques/usage thérapeutique
6.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-20443

RÉSUMÉ

The presence of late onset 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was studied in 58 north Indian hirsute women. The age range of these patients was 15 to 42 yr. Fifty two per cent of these patients had body mass index > 25. Basal serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), and 17 hydroxy progesterone (17 OHP) were estimated. All the patients underwent adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation test after an overnight dexamethasone suppression for the estimation of DHEAS, 17 OHP, and 17 hydroxy pregnenolone (delta 5-17p). Five (8.6%) hirsute women showed an exaggerated 17 OHP response to ACTH indicating 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Eight (13.8%) hirsute women had elevated basal DHEAS and ACTH-stimulated DHEAS as well as delta 5-17P responses indicative of 3 beta-HSD deficiency. In one patient hirsutism was the presenting manifestation of tumoural hyperandrogenism. Our findings indicate the presence of both 21-hydroxylase and 3 beta-HSD deficiency in north Indian hirsute women, with, 3 beta-HSD deficiency being the major cause of hirsutism in this population.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales/complications , Adulte , Âge de début , Études cas-témoins , Femelle , Hirsutisme/complications , Humains , Inde , Progesterone reductase/déficit
9.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-93007

RÉSUMÉ

One hundred and ninety three consecutive patients with solitary thyroid nodule (STN), with a mean age of 36.0 +/- 12.8 years and male to female ratio of 5.6:1, were studied. Ninety five percent of patients came from iodine deficient regions. Seventy two percent presented for local neck swelling, 12.4% for hyperthyroid state and in 7.7% STN was discovered incidentally. Scintigraphically, 77.7% of nodules were cold, 12.4% hot and 8.5% warm. Sonographic evaluation did not reveal any characteristic echotexture diagnostic of malignancy, but detected clinically nonpalpable accessory nodules in 20.6% of patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology was positive for malignancy in 6.2% of patients. Features of follicular and Hurthle cell neoplasm were seen in 12.9% of aspirates. Eighty eight (45.6%) STN were resected surgically. Histologically, there was one false positive and one false negative aspirate and a case of parathyroid adenoma on aspiration proved to be parathyroid carcinoma on histology.


Sujet(s)
Adulte , Ponction-biopsie à l'aiguille , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sensibilité et spécificité , Maladies de la thyroïde/diagnostic , Nodule thyroïdien/anatomopathologie
10.
Indian Pediatr ; 1992 Jan; 29(1): 79-83
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-14263

RÉSUMÉ

Fifteen girls with severe hyperandrogenism were investigated by us during the last 6 years. Thirteen of these were cases of untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 2 were cases of tumoral (one sertoli leydig cell tumor of the ovary and one adrenal adenoma) hyperandrogenism. Here we present the clinical profile and laboratory data of those with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. All the girls had masculinization of genitalia (clitoromegaly alone 5, clitoromegaly with varying degree of posterior labial fusion 8). Eleven cases had hirsutism and 9 had short stature. Two patients underwent unilateral adrenelectomy with diagnosis of adrenal adenoma. Hormonal profile confirmed the diagnosis of CAH with 21 hydroxylase deficiency (elevated 17 OHP levels with exaggerated 17 OHP response to ACTH) in 12 cases and 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase deficiency (elevated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone levels and exaggerated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone response to ACTH) in one case.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales/sang , Adulte , Androgènes/sang , Enfant , Pays en voie de développement , Femelle , Hirsutisme/sang , Humains , Inde , Virilisme/sang
12.
Indian J Cancer ; 1991 Dec; 28(4): 196-201
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-50258

RÉSUMÉ

Ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative is known to decrease adrenal steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 dependent adrenal enzymes. Three patients of adrenal carcinoma treated with ketoconazole, 600-1200 mg daily showed significant fall in plasma and urinary cortisol levels, but no reduction in tumor size, one patient developed liver dysfunction which reverted back to normal on discontinuing the drug.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Tumeurs corticosurrénaliennes/traitement médicamenteux , Adulte , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Kétoconazole/usage thérapeutique , Mâle
13.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1990 Oct-Dec; 38(4): 166-8
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71277

RÉSUMÉ

30 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were subjected to exophthalmometry in the upright and supine positions to determine if the difference in exophthalmometer readings in these two situations are significantly different and would help in distinguishing the early and late Graves' ophthalmopathy patients. The cases were divided into two groups (of 15 patients each) of early Graves' ophthalmopathy (Grades 0,1,2) and late Graves' ophthalmopathy (Grades 3,4,5) according to the American Thyroid Association classification. In addition, 15 age and sex matched normal individuals who served as controls, also underwent similar investigation. Contrary to earlier observations, the results showed statistically insignificant increase in exophthalmometer readings when going from the erect to the supine position. It was concluded that postural change in exophthalmometer readings neither helps in distinguishing normal subjects from patients of Graves' ophthalmopathy nor can it differentiate between various grades of Graves ophthalmopathy.


Sujet(s)
Femelle , Maladie de Basedow/diagnostic , Humains , Mâle , Posture , Tests de vision
15.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1989 Mar-Apr; 56(2): 267-72
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-84318

RÉSUMÉ

The clinical, biochemical and radiological features of spontaneously occurring hypoparathyroidism in 13 patients (mean age 9 years, range 4 months to 20 years) are highlighted. Nine patients presented with a history of generalised seizures and 2 were in acute hypocalcemic crisis at the time of admission. Ocular involvement (corneal opacities, cataract) was present in 3 patients and vitiligo in 1 patient. The serum calcium level was low (mean 5.46 mg/dl, range 5.0-7.2) and serum phosphorus level was high (mean 8.49 mg/dl, range 6-14 mg/dl) in all the patients. Six patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (greater than 20 KAU). Radiological examination revealed osteopenia in 3 patients. Nine patients underwent a head CT scan; 5 had evidence of basal ganglia calcification. The findings of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and osteopenia are at variance with existing literature and may possibly reflect pre-existing vitamin D deficiency.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Adulte , Phosphatase alcaline/sang , Affections des ganglions de la base/enzymologie , Maladies osseuses métaboliques/enzymologie , Calcinose/enzymologie , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Hypoparathyroïdie/enzymologie , Inde , Nourrisson , Mâle , Crises épileptiques/enzymologie
16.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-21558

RÉSUMÉ

Levels of stable form of HbA1 in blood were estimated in 20 male heroin addicts, so as to assess the effect of chronic opioid use on glucose metabolism. No significant difference in the levels of stable form of HbA1 was observed in the heroin addicts as compared to controls, indicating absence of any long-term impairment of glucose tolerance in heroin addicts.


Sujet(s)
Adulte , Hémoglobine glyquée/métabolisme , Héroïne/administration et posologie , Dépendance à l'héroïne/sang , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen
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