Neuroprotective effect of AG490 in experimental traumatic brain injury of rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the role of AG490 in regulating brain oedema, expression of CD40 and neurological function after TBI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague Dawley rats (n = 240) were randomly divided into a sham operation group, TBI+saline group and TBI+AG490 (JAK/STAT inhibitor) group. Members of each group were euthanized at 6, 12, 24 or 72 hours after injury. Neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate the severity of neurological damage. Brain water was quantitated by wet/dry weight method. The expression of CD40 was assessed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both the TBI+saline group and the TBI+AG490 group, the brain water content was elevated after TBI, reached a peak at 24-hour and remained high for the rest of the period investigated; the expression of CD40 reached a peak 24 hours after TBI; the NSS was elevated after TBI and then decreased after 6 hours. Elevations in the level of CD40, degree of brain edema and NSS after TBI were significantly reduced in TBI+AG490 group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibition of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway reduces brain oedema, decreases the expression of CD40 and exerts neuroprotective effects after TBI.</p>

Serum levels of endothelin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and its clinical significance in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and their dynamic changes in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) and their relation with the condition variation of the patients.Methods The serum ET-1 and TNF-α levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in 31 patients with DEACMP, and the dynamic changes of patients' condition were monitored by use of the activity of daily living (ADL) scale, the information-memory-concentration test (IMCT) and the Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS). The comparisons between patients with DEACMP and both 30 patients with acute carbon momoxide poisoning (ACMP) but without DEACMP and 30 normal controls were also conducted. Results At the acute stage of the DEACMP group, the serum levels of ET-1 and TNF-α were both significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05); that of TNF-α was significantly lower than that in the ACMP group (P＜0.05), but that of ET-1 was not significantly different from that in the ACMP group (P＞0.05). The serum levels of ET-1 and TNF- α in the ACMP group were both significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P＜0.05). In the DEACMP group, the serum level of ET-1 at the convalescent stage was significantly lower than that at the acute stage (P＜0.05), but the serum level of TNF-α was not significantly different from that at the acute stage (P＞0.05). At the acute stage of the DEACMP group, ADL scores were significantly higher than those in norms, and IMCT scores and HDS scores were significantly lower than those in norms (P＜0.05). In the DEACMP group, the ADL scores at the convalescent stage were significantly lower than those at the acute stage (P＜0.05), IMCT scores and HDS scores were significantly higher than those at the acute stage (P＜0.05). Significant correlations between scores of any 2 of 3 scales in patients with DEACMP at both acute and convalescent stage were noted (P＜0.05). Conclusion The dynamic detection of serum ET-1 and TNF-α level variations could be used as an indicator for condition severity in patients with DEACMP.

Development, Reliability and Validity of Child-Neglect Scale / 实用儿科临床杂志

reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion - related validity of the CNS are entirely in accordance with the psychometric demands.

Development,Reliability and Validity of Child-Neglect Scale / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To develop a child neglect scale with Chinese culture background to assess the status of the neglected children in China,and examine the reliability and validity of the child-neglect scale(CNS).Methods Considering the cultural background of China,an item pool was established by revising items in correlative literatures and scales.Then,the first draft of the CNS was improved by reserving the effective items well graded by professional experts.A total of 871 students from 2 junior high schools and a vocational and technical college were involved in the study.Those students were surveyed with Parental Rearing Patterns scale and child neglect scale.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the development and evaluation of the structure of the scale.Results The findings were as follows:the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability was 0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.81,the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The CNS was made of the 4 sub-scales which was safe neglect scale,physical neglect scale,communion neglect scale and affection neglect scale.the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability of the child neglect scale was 0.79-0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.64-0.81,and the test-retest reliability was 0.82-0.90.The item loadings of the neglect scale were over 0.30.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom were 1.766,the goodness of fit index was 0.917,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.916,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.047.Criterion-related validity studies indicated that the scores of the CNS were significantly correlated with the rearing patterns as well(r=0.049,-0.465 P

Correlation between Personality Traits in Children and Parental Rearing Patterns / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between personality traits in children and parental rearing patterns.Methods Two hundred and seventy-nine middle school students were investigated with egma minnenav bardndasnauppforstran(EMBU)and Eysenck personality questionnaire,and then Pearson correlation was analyzed.Results High positive correlation were found among scores of parental rearing patterns and those of neuroticism(N)and psychoticism(P).P score correlated significantly with parent's punishment,rejection and negative reaction,over interference and over protection,while high negative correlation with the score of parent's emotional warmth.N correlated significantly with parent's punishment,overprotection and rejection,high positive correlated the score of lie with parent's emotional warmth.Conclusion Parental rearing patterns play very important roles in children's personality development.

Preliminary Study on Parental Personality Traits and Affective Expression in Abuse Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the parental personality traits and affective expression in abuse children.Methods The investigation was carried out in 3 villages in Xinxiang,Henan province,with a total of 1 310 households,of which there were altogether 370 households that had children at 10-15 years old.From them,200 households were randomly selected to screen the children for child abuse,and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS) assessment were made among the parents who were primary caregi-vers.Independent samples t-test and Chi-square test were conducted to the 196 valid questionnaires.Results The average educated years of parents in abuse group and non-abuse group were (7.75?5.437)years old and (7.28? 2.532) years old,there was no significant diffe-rence (P=0.413).The average age of fathers in abuse group and non-abuse group were (36.16?8.96)years and (39.06?7.99)years repectively,there was no significant difference(P=0.170),and those of mothers in both groups were (36.06?5.15)years and (37.62?5.70) years respectively,there was no significant difference(P=0.121).There were 31 fathers and 49 mothers who were guardian in abuse group,while there were 35 fathers and 81 mothers in non-abuse group (?2=1.56 P=0.212).No significant differences were found in parental psychoticism [t(father)=1.221 P= 0.227;t (mother)=-0.471 P=0.639],neuroticism[t (father)=-0.524 P=0.602;t(mother)=-0.556 P=0.579],extraversion/ introversion[t(father)=-0.449 P=0.655;t(mother)=-0.859 P=0.392] and lie [t(father)=-1.263 P= 0.211;t(mother)=0.733 P= 0.465],the ability to identify and describe feelings[t(father)=0.946 P=0.348;t(mother)=0.815 P=0.417],to distinguish between bodily sensations[t(father)=0.215 P=0.831;t(mother)=2.107 P=0.037],to daydream [t(father)=-0.088 P=0.930;t(mother)=-0.971 P=0.333]and to focus on externally oriented thinking[t(father)=-0.648 P= 0.519;t(mother)=-0.164 P= 0.870] in TAS.Conclusions In a general way parents who abuse their children do not necessarily have problems with their personalities or affective expression.Not only abnormal parents are likely to assault their children,but also normal parents may do it as well.