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This review article provides information on the role of clinical research site (CRS) Pharmacies in supporting the division of AIDS (DAIDS)-sponsored clinical trials at the CRS, their legislative framework, and how they differ from community pharmacies. These pharmacies are relatively few, and little information is available about their operation, setup, and requirements in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The information in this article is pertinent to pharmacy associations and regulators who formulate policies and guidelines and to pharmacy professionals eager to enhance their skills and competencies through knowledge sharing to improve the quality of healthcare services. Moreover, this information is relevant in establishing a CRS pharmacy and understanding its interaction with various administrative and financial institutions. This article provides information on how CRS pharmacies achieve uninterrupted power supply for investigational medicinal products (IMP) throughout the year, the sponsor and regulatory requirements for the CRS pharmacy and the processes for IMP shipment, from its dispensation to the study participants. The article also provides information on quality control and assurance processes for maintaining a CRS pharmacy. CRS pharmacies in LMICs have unique requirements, operations, services, and setups, and regulatory authorities must develop policies and guidelines that align with these distinct features. More so, leveraging the existing CRS pharmacies to disseminate skills and knowledge to trainees, community pharmacies, and other medicine outlets can significantly enhance the quality of health services delivered to the community.
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Resumo Fundamento A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das principais causas de hospitalização e mortalidade em todo o mundo e representa um grande fardo económico para os sistemas de saúde. A identificação de fatores prognósticos em pacientes com IC é de grande importância para estabelecer estratégias de manejo ideais e evitar procedimentos invasivos e dispendiosos desnecessários em pacientes em estágio terminal. Objetivos No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi investigar a associação entre parâmetros de strain diastólico, incluindo E/e' SR, e resultados de curto prazo em pacientes com IC avançada. Métodos O estudo populacional incluiu 116 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr) avançada. Avaliações clínicas, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficas dos pacientes foram realizadas nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um mês e qualquer reinternação por piora dos sintomas de IC e qualquer mortalidade foi registrada. O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de 5%. Resultados A E/e' SR foi significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes em comparação ao grupo controle (p=0,001). Durante o acompanhamento de um mês, 13,8% dos pacientes morreram e 37,1% dos pacientes foram reinternados. NT-ProBNP sérico (p=0,034) e E/e' SR (p=0,033) foram considerados preditores independentes de mortalidade e o uso de IECA (p=0,027) e strain 3C apical (p=0,011) foram considerados independentes preditores de reinternação no grupo de pacientes. Conclusão Os resultados do presente estudo prospectivo demonstram que a E/e' SR medida pela ecocardiografia com speckle tracking é um preditor independente e sensível de mortalidade em curto prazo em pacientes com ICFEr avançada e pode ter um papel na identificação de pacientes com ICFEr em estágio terminal.
Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide and places a great economic burden on healthcare systems. Identification of prognostic factors in HF patients is of great importance to establish optimal management strategies and to avoid unnecessary invasive and costly procedures in end-stage patients. Objectives In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between diastolic strain parameters including E/e' SR, and short-term outcomes in advanced HF patients. Methods The population study included 116 advanced HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic evaluations of the patients were performed within the first 24 hours of hospital admission. Patients were followed for one month and any re-hospitalization due to worsening of HF symptoms and any mortality was recorded. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results E/e' SR was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.001). During one-month follow-up, 13.8% of patients died and 37.1% of patients were rehospitalized. Serum NT-ProBNP (p=0.034) and E/e' SR (p=0.033) were found to be independent predictors of mortality and ACEİ use (p=0.027) and apical 3C strain (p=0.011) were found to be independent predictors of rehospitalization in the patient group. Conclusion Findings of the current prospective study demonstrate that E/e' SR measured by speckle tracking echocardiography is an independent and sensitive predictor of short-term mortality in advanced HFrEF patients and may have a role in the identification of end-stage HFrEF patients.
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Background: The Code Blue (CB) is a universal emergency system used to alert the CB team for patients in cardiac or respiratory arrest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CB calls in our hospital and determine the effectiveness and deficiencies of the application. Background: The code blue is a universal emergency system used to alert the CB team for patients in cardiac or respiratory arrest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CB calls in our hospital and determine the effectiveness and deficiencies of the application. Methods: After receiving approval from the ethics committee, we analyzed retrospectively the CB call forms in our hospital between January 2020 and January 2024. The demographic data of the patients, CB call time and locations, the arrival time of the team, medical interventions, cardiopulmonary resuscitation time, outcomes of the calls and true-false calls rate were recorded. Results: We had 376 CB calls in the study period. The mean arrival time of the team was1.58±0.62 minutes. Most of the CB calls were given in intensive care units (140 patients, 37.23%), internal medicine services (50 patients, 13.30%), followed by palliative care unit (47 patients, 12.50%). Most of the CB calls (236 calls, 62.77%) were during off times. The rate of false CB calls was found to be %15.96. Of the 316 patients in the true CB codes, 198 patients were transferred to the ICU and 118 patients died. Conclusions: We found that CB calls were most frequently given from ICU’s during off hours. We think that the lack of a night duty doctor in the ICU, especially in rural hospitals like ours, led to this result. Each center should analyze CB calls at regular intervals and educational programs should be planned for these deficiencies.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical, life-threatening condition marked by severe inflammation and impaired lung function. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) present a promising therapeutic avenue due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative capabilities. This review comprehensively evaluates MSC-based strategies for ARDS treatment, including direct administration, tissue engineering, extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles, natural products, artificial intelligence (AI), gene modification, and MSC preconditioning. Direct MSC administration has demonstrated therapeutic potential but necessitates optimization to overcome challenges related to effective cell delivery, homing, and integration into damaged lung tissue. Tissue engineering methods, such as 3D-printed scaffolds and MSC sheets, enhance MSC survival and functionality within lung tissue. EVs and MSC-derived nanoparticles offer scalable and safer alternatives to cell-based therapies. Likewise, natural products and bioactive compounds derived from plants can augment MSC function and resilience, offering complementary strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. In addition, AI technologies could aid in optimizing MSC delivery and dosing, and gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 allow precise modification of MSCs to enhance their therapeutic properties and target specific ARDS mechanisms. Preconditioning MSCs with hypoxia, growth factors, or pharmacological agents further enhances their therapeutic potential. While MSC therapies hold significant promise for ARDS, extensive research and clinical trials are essential to determine optimal protocols and ensure long-term safety and effectiveness.
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Background@#Existing literature lacks high-quality evidence regarding the ideal intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to minimize postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We hypothesized that applying individualized PEEP derived from electrical impedance tomography would reduce the severity of postoperative lung aeration loss, deterioration in oxygenation, and PPC incidence. @*Methods@#A pilot feasibility study was conducted on 36 patients who underwent open abdominal oncologic surgery. The patients were randomized to receive individualized PEEP or conventional PEEP at 4 cmH2O. The primary outcome was the impact of individualized PEEP on changes in the modified lung ultrasound score (MLUS) derived from preoperative and postoperative lung ultrasonography. A higher MLUS indicated greater lung aeration loss. The secondary outcomes were the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PPC incidence. @*Results@#A significant increase in the postoperative MLUS (12.0 ± 3.6 vs 7.9 ± 2.1, P < 0.001) and a significant difference between the postoperative and preoperative MLUS values (7.0 ± 3.3 vs 3.0 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) were found in the conventional PEEP group, indicating increased lung aeration loss. In the conventional PEEP group, the intraoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratios were significantly lower but not the postoperative ratios. The PPC incidence was not significantly different between the groups. Post-hoc analysis showed the increase in lung aeration loss and deterioration of intraoperative oxygenation correlated with the deviation from the individualized PEEP. @*Conclusions@#Individualized PEEP appears to protect against lung aeration loss and intraoperative oxygenation deterioration. The advantage was greater in patients whose individualized PEEP deviated more from the conventional PEEP.
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Abstract The basic aim of this study was aimed to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora in both upper and lower Dir districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Fish samples were collected by using fishnets from March to September 2020. A total of 724 specimens were collected and classified into 5 families, 14 genera, and 18 species. The overall results revealed that most fish fauna of river Panjkora contains 8 species of family Cyprinidae (56.49%) followed by 4 species of Nemacheilidae (24.44%), 2 species of Channidae (10.63%), and Sisoridae (7.04%), and 1 species of Mastacembelidae (1.38%), respectively. Among all kinds of fish species, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16.57%) was highly dominated and followed by Carassius auratus (11.87%) and Racoma labiata (9.66%) and were reported as highly abundant, especially during April, May, and June. The least abundant species were Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii, and Mastacembelus armatus, that constituting 2.48%, 2.20%, and 1.38% of the total fish samples. The Overall Simpsons diversity (1-D= 0.919) and Simpsons Reciprocal index values (1/D= 12.3876), and Shannons index (H= 2.68) were indicating that river Panjkora contains a quite rich and diverse group of fish species. The highest microplastics observed in site 7 compared to other study area. Conservation steps should be taken as a top priority to protect and conserve the marine environment and natural heritage from further loss, extinction and stop or minimize losses incurred through irresponsible fishery practices
Resumo O objetivo básico deste estudo foi determinar a diversidade ictiofaunística do rio Panjkora nos distritos de Lower e Upper de Dir, na província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Amostras de peixes foram coletadas com redes de arrasto de março a setembro de 2020. Foram coletados 724 espécimes, classificados em 5 famílias, 14 gêneros e 18 espécies. Os resultados gerais revelaram que a maioria da ictiofauna do rio Panjkora contém 8 espécies da família Cyprinidae (56,49%), seguidas por 4 espécies de Nemacheilidae (24,44%), 2 espécies de Channidae (10,63%) e Sisoridae (7,04%) e 1 espécie de Mastacembelidae (1,38%). Entre todas as espécies de peixes, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16,57%) foi altamente predominante, seguida por Carassius auratus (11,87%) e Racoma labiata (9,66%), e elas foram relatadas como altamente abundantes, especialmente nos meses de abril, maio e junho. As espécies menos abundantes foram Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii e Mastacembelus armatus, que constituíram 2,48%, 2,20% e 1,38%, respectivamente, do total de peixes amostrados. O índice de diversidade de Simpson (1-D = 0,919), o índice recíproco de Simpson (1/D = 12,3876) e o índice de Shannon (H = 2,68) indicaram que o rio Panjkora contém um grupo bastante rico e diversificado de espécies de peixes. Os microplásticos mais altos foram observados no local 7 em comparação com outra área de estudo. Medidas de conservação devem ser tomadas como prioridade máxima para proteger e conservar o ambiente marinho e o patrimônio natural de novas perdas e extinção e para parar ou minimizar as perdas ocorridas por práticas de pesca irresponsáveis.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Endogenous melatonin is produced from tryptophan which is an essential amino acid. Besides its role in the regulation of sleep patterns, melatonin has anti-inflammatory effects. In this case-control study, we aimed to compare tryptophan and melatonin levels and their relationship with the inflammatory response, specifically serum interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and c-reactive protein levels following major abdominal surgery in patients with food restriction and who receive parenteral nutritional therapy. METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years in the study. We collected blood and urine samples 48 h before the operation and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tryptophan levels in the experimental group were higher than in the control group but failed to reach any statistical difference. Melatonin levels were increased in both groups following the surgery compared with preoperative levels. The increase in the experimental group was statistically different 3 days after the surgery. The difference in the level of interleukin-1 between the control and the experimental groups was greatest on postoperative day 3. On postoperative day 3, the interleukin-6 level in the treatment group was slightly higher than in the control group. We did not find any difference in the levels of c-reactive protein between the groups. As a result, the levels of tryptophan and melatonin were increased in the parenteral nutrition group, irrespective of the postoperative inflammatory response.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A new block, namely, modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach, is administered below the costal cartilage. We sought to compare the analgesic efficacy of the modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach block with local anesthetic infiltration at the port sites in an adult population who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Patients who will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive bilateral ultrasound-guided modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach blocks or local anesthetic infiltration at the port insertion sites. The primary outcome was the total amount of tramadol used in the first 12 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were total IV tramadol consumption for the first postoperative 24 h and visual analog scale scores. RESULTS: The modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach group had significantly less tramadol use in the first 12 h postoperatively (p<0.001). The modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach group's visual analog scale scores at rest (static) and with movement (dynamic) were significantly lower compared with the port infiltration group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients who received modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach block had significantly less analgesic consumption and better pain scores than those who received port-site injections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effects of leptin, cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor agonist ACEA and antagonist AM251, and the interactions between leptin and CB1 receptor agonist/antagonist on oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and pedunculus cerebri tissue samples were investigated in the penicillin-induced epileptic model. METHODS: Male Wistar albino rats (n=56) were included in this study. In anesthetized animals, 500 IU penicillin-G potassium was injected into the cortex to induce epileptiform activity. Leptin (1 μg), ACEA (7.5 μg), AM251 (0.25 μg), and the combinations of the leptin+ACEA and leptin+AM251 were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) after penicillin injections. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured in the cerebral tissue samples and plasma with the ELISA method. RESULTS: MDA levels increased, while SOD and GPx levels decreased after penicillin injection in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The efficacy of penicillin on SOD, MDA and GPx levels was further enhanced after leptin or AM251 injections. Whereas, ACEA decreased the MDA levels and increased GPx levels compared with the penicillin group. Administration of AM251+leptin did not change any oxidation parameter compared with the AM251. Furthermore, co-administration of ACEA and leptin significantly increased oxidative stress compared with the ACEA-treated group by increasing MDA and decreasing GPx levels. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that leptin reversed the effect of ACEA on oxidative stress. Co-administration of AM251 and leptin did not change oxidative stress compared with the AM251-treated group suggesting AM251 and leptin affect oxidative stress using the same pathways.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Although cardiopulmonary bypass procedures remain a critical treatment option for heart disease, they come with risks, including hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid is known to reduce morbidity and mortality in surgical hemorrhage. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid, which is routinely used to treat hemorrhage, in decreasing the amount of intraoperative and postoperative drainage. Method: A total of 80 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this retrospective study. Forty patients who received tranexamic acid during the operation were assigned to Group 1, while 40 patients who did not receive tranexamic acid were assigned to Group 2. Patient data were collected from the hospital computer system and/or archive records after applying exclusion criteria, and the data were recorded. Statistical analyses were then performed to compare the data. Results: Age, sex, height, weight, body surface area, flow, and ejection fraction percentages, preoperative hematological parameters, and intraoperative variables (except tranexamic acid) were similar between the groups (P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of intraoperative (through the heart-lung machine) and postoperative red blood cell transfusion rates, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding drainage amounts, as well as postoperative hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet, and red blood cell levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that intraoperative and postoperative use of tranexamic acid in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass has positive effects on hematological parameters, reducing blood product use, and bleeding drainage amount.
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Abstract This study verified the effect of surface treatments of the zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic bonded to resin cement. Ceramic blocks were divided according to treatments (n=10): FA+SRX (Fluoric acid + silane RX), FA+MDP (Fluoric acid + MDP), FA+SCF+MDP (Fluoric acid + silane CF + MDP), FA+MEP (Fluoric acid + MEP), and MEP (Self-etch primer). Resin cement cylinders were made in the ceramic blocks, photoactivated with 1,200 mW/cm² for 40s, stored in water at 37°C for 24h, and evaluated by the microshear strength test, optical failure descriptive analysis (%), surface characterization (SEM) and contact angle (Goniometer). Other samples were submitted to 10,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. Bond strength data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Contact angle to one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell's test (5%). At 24h, MEP showed higher bond strength, and FA+SRX the lower. FA+MDP and FA+SCF+MDP showed similar values and FA+MEP was intermediate. After thermocycling, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values, and FA+SRX the lower while FA+MDP was intermediate. When the periods were compared, FA+MDP, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values for 24h while FA+SRX was similar. SEM showed retentive surface and crystal exposure when treated with FA+SCF+MDP. The less retentive surface was obtained with MEP, and the other treatments promoted intermediate irregularities. In conclusion, surface treatment and thermocycling promoted different values of adhesive strength and contact angle in a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Failures were predominantly adhesive, and the ceramic surface was characterized by different levels of roughness and selective exposure of crystals.
Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar o efeito de tratamentos de superfície da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia fixada ao cimento resinoso. Os blocos cerâmicos foram separados de acordo com os tratamentos (n=10): AF+SRX (ácido fluorídrico + silano), AF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + MDP), AF+SCF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + silano + MDP), AF+MEP (Ácido fluorídrico + MEP) e MEP (Primer auto condicionante). Cilindros de cimento resinoso foram confeccionados em cada bloco cerâmico, foto ativados com 1.200 mW/cm² por 40 segundos, armazenados em água a 37°C por 24 horas e avaliados pelo teste de resistência ao micro cisalhamento, falha por análise descritiva em microscopia óptica (%), caracterização da superfície por imagens MEV e ângulo de contato (Goniômetro). Outras amostras foram submetidas a 10.000 ciclos térmicos (5° e 55°C). Os dados de resistência de união foram submetidos a ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (5%). Ângulo de contato com ANOVA um fator e teste de Games-Howell (5%). Em 24 horas, MEP apresentou maior resistência de união e AF+S a menor. AF+MDP e AF+SCF+MDP apresentaram valores similares e AF+MEP foi intermediário. Após a ciclagem térmica, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores e AF+SRX o menor enquanto AF+MDP foi intermediário. Quando comparados os períodos, AF+MDP, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores em 24 horas enquanto AF+SRX foi similar. MEV mostrou superfície mais retentiva e exposição de cristais quando tratada com AF+SCF+MDP. A superfície menos retentiva foi obtida com MEP, e os demais tratamentos promoveram irregularidades de superfície intermediárias. Conclui-se que o tratamento superficial e a termociclagem promoveram diferentes valores de resistência adesiva e ângulo de contato em cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia. As falhas foram predominantemente adesivas, e a superfície cerâmica foi caracterizada com diferentes níveis de rugosidade e exposição seletiva de cristais.
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Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.
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Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the outcome in patients with ICH. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been used to detect changes in brain tissue oxygenation and blood flow in various conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive potential of NIRS for early diagnosis of ICH in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) triage with headache. A total of 378 patients were included in the study. According to the final diagnosis of the patients, 4 groups were formed: migraine, tension-cluster headache, intracranial hemorrhage and intracranial mass, and control group. Cerebral NIRS values "rSO2" were measured at the first professional medical contact with the patient. The right and left rSO2 (RrSO2, LrSO2) were significantly lower and the rSO2 difference was significantly higher in the intracranial hemorrhage group compared to all other patient groups (P<0.001). The cut-off values determined in the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were RrSO2 ≤67, LrSO2 ≤67, and ΔrSO2 ≥9. This study found that a difference of more than 9 in cerebral right-left NIRS values can be a non-invasive, easy-to-administer, rapid, and reliable diagnostic test for early detection of intracranial bleeding. NIRS holds promise as an objective method in ED triage for patients with intracranial hemorrhage. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of this method.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In endometrial cancer surgery, sentinel lymph node dissection is used instead of staging surgery, particularly in advanced disease that is limited to the uterus. The aim of this study is to evaluate our practice of robotic sentinel lymph node dissection, which is applied to endometrial cancer patients in our tertiary cancer treatment center, according to the current literature, and to share our own data. METHODS: Included in our analysis are patients who underwent robotic sentinel lymph node dissection for endometrial cancer utilizing indocyanine green in our center between January 2018 and January 2024. RESULTS: In all, of the 93 endometrial carcinoma patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, 63 were classified as low-risk, while 30 were high-risk according to the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. We found sentinel lymph nodes in both low-risk and high-risk patients, with an overall sensitivity of 96.32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.12-99.71), specificity of 100% (95%CI, 92.20-99.8), negative predictive value of 96.72% (95%CI, 87.03-99.89), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.06 (95%CI, 0.01-0.36). CONCLUSION: After evaluating our data retrospectively, we determined that we were compatible with the current literature.
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the cold tolerance ability of ten boro rice genotypes in the laboratory conditions for suitability of growing under low temperature stress. The experiment was laid out in Factorial CRD and the low temperature regimes was provided under controlled environment (Walk-in cold chamber by Saveer Biotech Limited) for germination studies that could maintain the specific low temperature. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Crop Physiology and Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India. The germination tests were conducted under four different temperature regimes where seed germination under ambient (T4=28 ± 0.2oC) was considered as control. Low-temperature treatments were provided by the growth chamber at three different levels of low temperature viz. (T3=10-12°C), (T2=7-9oC) and (T1=5-6°C). Per cent germination, germination index, shoot length, length of longest root and seed vigour index were considered for the study. The germination percent, germination index, shoot length, length of longest root and seed vigour index was recorded highest under ambient condition (T4) irrespective of all the genotypes. Seeds grown under T3 showed considerable germination values only after 28 days of germination studies, whereas T1 and T2 showed no germination. The study revealed that amongst all the ten genotypes, Kanaklata and Sona Mahsuri revealed superior performance in germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, length of the longest root and seed vigour index. In the correlation studies, germination % was significantly correlated with germination index, shoot length, length of the longest and SVI at 5% probability level. GI was also positively and significantly correlated with Shoot length (SL), Length of longest root (LLR) and Seed Vigour Index (SVI). The present study revealed that Sona Mahsuri and Kanaklata was found to be the ideal genotypes for germination under low temperature (10-12oC). Therefore, Farmers growing boro rice under low temperature regimes could take the opportunity of selecting the varieties viz. Kanaklata and Sona Mahsuri for higher yield.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of innovative agriculture research. Because IoT is still in its early stages, it must be widely tested before it can be widely deployed in many agricultural applications. In this paper, I look at different prospective IoT applications, as well as the unique concerns and constraints connected with IoT deployment for better farming. The gadgets and wireless communication technologies linked with IoT in agricultural and farming applications are thoroughly researched to focus on the unique requirements. Sensor-enabled IoT systems that deliver intelligent and smart services for smart agriculture are being investigated.Several case studies are offered to investigate the existing IoT-based solutions implemented by various organizations, individuals, and groups depending on their deployment criteria. The difficulties in these solutions are addressed, as are the factors for improvement and the future roadmap of work with IoT. Smart farming is a trend that emphasizes the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in machinery, equipment, and sensors in network-based hi-tech farm supervision cycles. Innovative technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing are expected to spur growth and kickstart the usage of robotics and artificial intelligence in agriculture. Such radical departures are upsetting established agricultural practices while also posing several obstacles. This study explores the techniques and equipment utilized in wireless sensor applications in IoT agriculture, as well as the predicted problems encountered when integrating technology with traditional farming practices. Furthermore, this technical knowledge is useful to growers during crop times ranging from planting to harvest, and applications in packing and transportation are being researched.
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A field trial was conducted at the research plot at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi Season of 2022-2023 where eight treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD) Eight treatments i.e., Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC @ 0.3ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @0.5ml/lit ,Spinosad 45%SC@1.3 ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.5 ml/lit, Imidacloprid 17.80%SL @0.5ml/lit, Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 10ml/lit, NSKE 5% @ 50 ml/lit and untreated Control. The data on the percent infestation of the shoot and fruit borer on okra third, seven and fourth day after spray reveal that all the insecticides and neem products were significantly superior over control. Among all the different treatments lowest shoot and fruit infestation of okra was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole (10.21% ,9.98%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.45%, 12.29%), Spinosad 45%SC (13.86%, 14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.80% SL (16.94,15.87%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5%EC (17.83, 16.03%), Azadirachtin 1% EC (19.25%, 17.04%) and NSKE 5% (20.35%, 18.75%), control (24.84%, 25.98%). The yields among the treatment were significant. The yield and benefit cost ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (195.5 q/ha) (1:9.3) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (149.2q/ha), (1:8.2), Spinosad 45 % SC (140.2q/ha), (1:8.11), Imidacloprid 17.80SL (136.3q/ha), (1:7.9), Lambda cychalothrin 2.5 EC (133.2q/ha), (1:7.6), Azadirachtin 1% (96.3q/ha) (1:5.5) and NSKE 5% (92.4q/ha) (1:5.2) as compared to, control (72.2q/ha), (1:4.2).
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Thirty-one three-line rice hybrids and three commercial checks were used in the current study for correlation and path coefficient analysis. In Kharif 2021, the experiment was carried out at the TCA Hybrid Rice field in Dholi, Pusa, Bihar, India. The experimental design adopted was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications that included 18 quantitative attributes. Plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, leaf length, leaf area, kernel length, kernel width, root fresh weight, root dry weight, spikelet fertility, and test weight showed a positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Hence, selection for any one of these characteristics would ultimately bring improvement in grain yield. The traits number of tillers per plant, plant height, root fresh weight, leaf length, no. of panicles per plant, leaf width, kernel length, and root volume revealed a significant direct impact on grain yield per plant. Thus, breeding for these characteristics could end up resulting in a higher grain yield.
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Resumen: Introducción: el condrosarcoma (CS), el segundo tumor maligno óseo primario más común, constituye aproximadamente una cuarta parte de todos los sarcomas óseos primarios. Los márgenes quirúrgicos en el condrosarcoma pélvico tienen un impacto directo como factor pronóstico, tanto en la supervivencia global como en la supervivencia libre de recurrencia de esta enfermedad. Objetivos: analizar el impacto de los márgenes quirúrgicos como factor pronóstico en el condrosarcoma de la pelvis. Material y métodos: cohorte de base de datos retrospectiva con seguimiento prospectivo de sarcomas de pacientes con diagnóstico de condrosarcoma primario de la pelvis que fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se obtuvieron variables clínico-demográficas, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de cada variable y se contrastaron con las variables desenlace. Resultados: se incluyeron 17 pacientes, de los cuales nueve eran mujeres. La mediana de edad fue de 41 años (rango de 23 a 65 años). El tamaño promedio del tumor fue de 20.9 cm (rango de 5 a 46 cm). El margen quirúrgico promedio fue de 5.3 mm, variando entre 1 y 30 mm, con 58% de márgenes positivos. La supervivencia global promedio fue de 64 meses (rango de 7 a 108 meses). La distribución de la afectación pélvica fue: zona I en nueve pacientes (52.9%), zona II en dos (11.8%), combinación de zonas I-III en dos (11.8%), I+II en uno (5.9%), II+III en uno (5.9%), I-III más sacro en uno (5.9%) y I más sacro en uno (5.9%). Los grados tumorales se clasificaron en bajo en siete pacientes (41.2%), intermedio en siete (41.2%), alto en dos (11.8%) y desdiferenciado en uno (5.9%). Respecto al tipo de resección, 12 pacientes (70.6%) se sometieron a hemipelvectomía interna y cinco (29.4%) a hemipelvectomía externa. Se registró recurrencia en cinco casos (29.4%), metástasis en tres (17.6%) y mortalidad en cuatro (23.5%). Conclusiones: esta serie representa la cohorte más extensa reportada en Latinoamérica de condrosarcomas primarios de la pelvis. Se observó un pronóstico más favorable en pacientes con márgenes quirúrgicos superiores a 1 mm. La presencia de condrosarcoma en múltiples zonas pélvicas se asoció con un peor pronóstico oncológico. Además, se identificó una mayor incidencia de márgenes quirúrgicos positivos y tasas de recurrencia local en condrosarcomas de la pelvis en comparación con aquellos ubicados en las extremidades.
Abstract: Introduction: chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant tumor, constitutes approximately one quarter of all primary bone sarcomas. Surgical margins in pelvic chondrosarcoma have a direct impact as a prognostic factor, both on overall survival and on recurrence-free survival of this disease. Objectives: to analyze the impact of surgical margins as a prognostic factor in pelvic chondrosarcoma. Material and methods: a retrospective database cohort with prospective follow-up of sarcomas in patients diagnosed with primary pelvic chondrosarcoma who underwent surgical treatment. Clinical-demographic variables were obtained, a descriptive analysis of each variable was performed, and these were contrasted with the outcome variables. Results: seventeen patients were included, of which nine were female. The median age was 41 years, ranging from 23 to 65 years. The average tumor size was 20.9 cm (range 5 to 46 cm). The average surgical margin was 5.3 mm, ranging from 1 to 30 mm, with 58% positive margins. The average overall survival was 64 months (range 7 to 108 months). The distribution of pelvic involvement was as follows: zone I in nine patients (52.9%), zone II in two (11.8%), a combination of zones I-III in two (11.8%), I+II in one (5.9%), II+III in one (5.9%), I-III plus sacrum in one (5.9%) and I plus sacrum in one (5.9%). Tumor grades were classified as low in seven patients (41.2%), intermediate in sven (41.2%), high in two (11.8%), and dedifferentiated in one (5.9%). Regarding the type of resection, 12 patients (70.6%) underwent internal hemipelvectomy and five (29.4%) external hemipelvectomy. Recurrence was recorded in five cases (29.4%), metastasis in three (17.6%), and mortality in four (23.5%). Conclusions: this series represents the largest cohort reported in Latin America of primary pelvic chondrosarcomas. A more favorable prognosis was observed in patients with surgical margins greater than 1 mm. The presence of chondrosarcoma in multiple pelvic zones was associated with a worse oncological prognosis. Additionally, a higher incidence of positive surgical margins and local recurrence rates were identified in pelvic chondrosarcomas compared to those located in the extremities.