Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide during early stages of development increases insulin sensitivity and causes liver inflammation in adult mice offspring

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of pre and postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on glucose metabolism and liver histology in adult F1 mice offspring. Methods: Female mice (C57Bl/6) received 0.5% of glyphosate (Roundup Original DI®) in drinking water or purified water (Glyphosate Group and Control Group respectively) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (F1) were submitted to glucose and insulin tolerance tests and euthanized on postnatal day 150. Body and plasma parameters, and liver histology were analyzed. Results: Exposure to glyphosate reduced maternal body weight gain during pregnancy and lactation, with no impacts on litter size. Pre and postnatal exposure to glyphosate did not affect body parameters but increased glucose tolerance on postnatal day 60. In spite of glucose tolerance normalization by postnatal day 143, this effect was associated with higher insulin sensitivity relative to mice in the Control-F1 Group. Mice in the Glyphosate-F1 Group had mild and moderate lobular inflammation in the liver. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to glyphosate affected insulin sensitivity and caused hepatic inflammation in adult F1 mice offspring.

Study of muscle fibers of the extensor digitorium longus and soleus muscles of C57BL/6 females exposed to glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation / Estudo das fibras musculares dos músculos extensor longo dos dedos e sóleo de fêmeas C57BL/6 expostas ao glifosato durante a prenhez e a lactação

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the muscles extensor digitorium longus and soleus of C57BL/6 females, who were exposed to glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation. Methods Twelve female mice from the C57BL/6 lineage were used. After detection of pregnancy, they were divided into a Control Group, which received only water, and a Glyphosate Group, which received water with 0.5% glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation. Both groups received ad libitum standard diet. After weaning, the females were euthanized and weighed; naso-anal length was measured, and fats were collected and weighed. The muscles extensor digitorium longus and soleus were collected, and their length and weight were measured. Then, the muscles were fixed in Methacarn to perform the histological study of muscle fibers. Results Glyphosate Group presented lower weight gain during pregnancy and also lower final body weight and naso-anal length; however, the other body parameters evaluated did not present a significant difference in relation to the Control Group. Significant differences were also not observed in the analysis of muscle fibers and connective tissue. Conclusion Exposure to 0.5% glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation resulted in lower weight gain during pregnancy, final weight, and naso-anal length. Despite not directly altering the morphology of muscle tissue, these results may indicate enough exposure to interfere with animal metabolism.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a morfologia e a morfometria dos músculos extensor longo dos dedos e sóleo de fêmeas C57BL/6 expostas ao glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação. Métodos Foram utilizados 12 camundongos fêmeas da linhagem C57BL/6. Após detecção da prenhez, foram separadas em Grupo Controle, que recebeu somente água, e Grupo Glifosato, que recebeu água com 0,5% de glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação. Ambos os grupos receberam dieta padrão ad libitum. Após o desmame, as fêmeas foram eutanasiadas e pesadas; o comprimento nasoanal foi mensurado, e as gorduras foram coletadas e pesadas. Os músculos extensor longo dos dedos e sóleo foram coletados, e seu comprimento e peso foram mensurados. Em seguida, os músculos foram fixados em Methacarn para a realização do estudo histológico das fibras musculares. Resultados O Grupo Glifosato apresentou menor ganho de peso durante a prenhez e também menor peso corporal final e comprimento nasoanal, entretanto os demais parâmetros corporais avaliados não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao Grupo Controle. Na análise das fibras musculares e do tecido conjuntivo, também não foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão A exposição a 0,5% de glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação resultou em menor ganho de peso na gestação, peso final e comprimento nasoanal, o que pode indicar que, apesar de não alterar a morfologia do tecido muscular diretamente, a exposição foi suficiente para interferir no metabolismo dos animais.

Biochemical predictors for metabolic syndrome in preterm infants according to weight ratio

ABSTRACT Objective Prematurity and low birth weight predispose preterm infants to cardiovascular disease in later life. Is the metabolic profile of these children impacted by the relation between birth weight and gestational age (GA)? This study aimed to evaluate whether the relationship between birth weight and GA of preterm infants has a positive correlation with the metabolic profile from birth to the sixth month of corrected age. Subjects and methods This is a longitudinal, prospective study with a cohort of 70 preterm and 54 term infants, who were enrolled in the study and shared into two groups: Appropriate for GA (AGA) and Small for GA (SGA), both classified at birth by Fenton and Kim curves. Longitudinal evaluation of anthropometry measures and blood samples of total cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, and insulin were collected at birth, NICU discharge, and the sixth month of corrected age. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (ANOVA, Fisher test, Shapiro-Wilk, and Cochran test). The effect size was 0.15, power was 0.92, and confidence interval 95%. Results No significant statistical differences were observed in relation to biochemical tests between AGA and SGA groups. However, a significant increase in triglyceride results above the reference values for age in the SGA group was observed throughout the follow-up. Conclusions Changes observed in the preterm infant metabolic profile show no correlation with adequacy of birth weight. Preterm lipid profile requires continuous evaluation at follow-up, due to the increased cardiovascular risk in later life.

Duodenal-jejunal bypass reduces lipid accumulation in the brown adipose tissue of hypothalamic obese rats / Derivação duodeno-jejunal reduz o acúmulo de lipídios no tecido adiposo marrom de ratos com obesidade hipotalâmica

ABSTRACT Background: Thermogenic activity in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of obese individuals is reduced, and this condition may be modified by bariatric surgery (BS). Aim: To characterize fat deposition in BAT from hypothalamic obese (HyO) rats submitted to duodenal-jejunal-bypass (DJB) surgery. Methods: For induction of hypothalamic obesity, newborn male Wistar rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG). The control (CTL) group received saline solution. At 90 days, the HyO rats were submitted to DJB or sham operation, generating the HyO-DJB and HyO-SHAM groups. At 270 days, the rats were euthanized, and the BAT was weighed and submitted to histological analysis. Results: Compared to BAT from CTL animals, the BAT from HyO-SHAM rats displayed increased weight, hypertrophy with greater lipid accumulation and a reduction in nucleus number. DJB effectively increased nucleus number and normalized lipid deposition in the BAT of HyO-SHAM rats, similar to that observed in CTL animals. Conclusion: DJB surgery avoided excessive lipid deposition in the BAT of hypothalamic obese rats, suggesting that this procedure could reactivate thermogenesis in BAT, and contribute to increase energy expenditure.

RESUMO Racional: A atividade termogênica no tecido adiposo marrom (TAM) de indivíduos obesos encontra-se reduzida, condição que pode ser modificada pela cirurgia bariátrica(CB). Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da derivação duodeno-jejunal (DDJ) sobre a morfologia do TAM de ratos com obesidade hipotalâmica. Métodos: Para indução da obesidade hipotalâmica (OHi), ratos Wistar neonatos receberam injeções subcutâneas de glutamato monossódico (MSG). O grupo controle (CTL) recebeu solução salina. Aos 90 dias, os ratos OHi foram submetidos à DDJ (grupo OHi-DDJ) ou a falsa operação (grupo OHi-FO). Aos 270 dias, eles foram eutanasiados e o TAM foi pesado e submetido à análise histológica. Resultados: Em comparação com os animais CTL, o TAM dos ratos OHi-FO apresentou aumento do peso, hipertrofia dos adipócitos com acúmulo de lipídios e redução do número de núcleos. A DDJ reduziu a deposição de gordura e o número de núcleos no TAM de ratos OHi-DDJ em comparação com os OHi-FO, com valores similares aqueles dos animais CTL. Conclusões: A DDJ foi capaz de evitar a deposição excessiva de lipídios no TAM de ratos com obesidade hipotalâmica, sugerindo que a cirurgia bariátrica poderia reativar a termogênese neste tecido adiposo, contribuindo para aumentar o gasto energético.

Condições clínicas e perfil metabólico de prematuros do nascimento aos seis meses de idade corrigida / Clinical conditions and metabolic profile of preterm newborns from birth to six months of corrected age

A sobrevida de recém-nascidos prematuros e de baixo peso tem evidenciado alterações metabólicas ao longo de suas vidas. Objetiva-se correlacionar se condições clínicas do recém-nascido prematuro (RNPT) ao nascimento, na hospitalização e após a alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, influenciam no seu perfil metabólico aos seis meses de Idade Corrigida. Estudo prospectivo, de coorte, com 37 RNPT. A análise estatística realizada foi descritiva e inferencial. Ao correlacionar as condições clínicas do nascimento, da hospitalização e do seguimento com o perfil metabólico do RNPT, evidenciou-se que a enterocolite necrotizante (p= 0,006) e sepse tardia (p= 0,02) apresentaram diferença estatística significativa na concentração de insulina. O perfil glicêmico na presença das comorbidades se manteve normal e o perfil lipídico elevou-se gradativamente. Os RNPT deste estudo constituem-se em grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares, devido às alterações lipídicas e insulínicas encontradas.

The survival of preterm newborns and low weight has shown the metabolic changes throughout their lives. The objective is to correlate if the clinical conditions of the preterm newborn (PTNB) at birth, during admission and after discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, influence their metabolic profile at six months of Corrected Age. It is a prospective cohort study with 37 PTNB. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential. When correlating the clinical conditions at birth, during admission and at follow-up with the PTNB metabolic profile, the necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.006) and late sepsis (p= 0.02) presented a significant statistical difference in the insulin concentration. The glycemic profile in the presence of comorbidities stayed normal and the lipidic profile gradually increased. The PTNB of this study constitutes a group at risk for the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, due to lipidic and insulin changes found.

Crescimento e marcadores bioquímicos de recém-nascidos prematuros até os seis meses de idade corrigida / Growth and biochemical markers of preterm newborns up to six months of corrected age

INTRODUCTION: Due to advances in recent decades in maternal-foetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants' cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA) METHODS: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of follow-up. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements. RESULTS: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2. CONCLUSION: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life.

INTRODUÇÃO: Com os avanços nas últimas décadas na medicina materno-fetal e neonatal, observa-se maior sobrevida de crianças prematuras com peso de nascimento e idade gestacional progressivamente menores, elevando riscos de morbidades futuras. Dentre as quais, alterações do crescimento e no metabolismo dessas crianças. OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução do crescimento e o perfil metabólico de uma coorte de prematuros do nascimento aos seis meses de idade corrigida. MÉTODO: Estudo de descritivo, prospectivo, amostra de 107 mães e 115 recém-nascidos prematuros, ao nascimento e 72 lactentes prematuros e 68 mães ao término do seguimento. Crescimento (peso corporal, estatura, perímetro cefálico) avaliado em seis momentos. Concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol, triglicerídeos, glicose e insulina dos prematuros avaliadas em três períodos, do nascimento aos seis meses de Idade Corrigida (IC). Análise da comparação da amostra inicial com amostra que finalizou o seguimento mediante testes da família qui quadrado. Para a avaliação do crescimento ao longo dos seis meses, a análise ocorreu por meio de delineamento de medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: Variáveis sociodemográficas e perfil bioquímico materno sem diferenças estatísticas entre mães da amostra inicial e aquelas que finalizaram o seguimento. Crescimento linear dos prema turos da alta aos seis meses de IC, contudo sem recuperação do crescimento. Concentrações plasmáticas de triglicerídeos (nascimento=48,1; 6 meses=151,1) e colesterol (nascimento=82,7; 6 meses=139,9), aumentaram no decorrer das avaliações. Glicemia permaneceu estável (nascimento=80,4; 6 meses=83,3) e insulina reduziu de 11,0, para 4,2). CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento dos recém-nascidos prematuros, apesar de linear, inferior ao esperado para idade. Perfil lipídico apresentou curva ascendente desde o nascimento.

Effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass on structure of diaphragm in western diet obese rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) on the diaphragm muscle of obese rats fed on a western diet (WD) . Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent chow diet (CTL group) or WD ad libitum. After 10 weeks, WD rats were submitted to sham (WD SHAM) or duodenal-jejunal bypass (WD DJB). The structure, ultrastructure, collagen content and the morphometry of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were analyzed two months after surgery. Results: WD SHAM rats displayed an increase in body weight, the Lee index and retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal fat pads compared to the CTL group. DJB did not alter these parameters. The muscle fiber structure and NMJs were similar in the WD SHAM and CTL groups. However, the WD SHAM group showed alterations in the fiber ultrastructure, such as loosely arranged myofibrils and Z line disorganization. In addition, WD SHAM animals presented a considerable amount of lipid droplets and a reduction in the percentage of collagen compared to the CTL group. DJB did not affect the structure or ultrastructure of the muscle fibers or the NMJs in the diaphragm of the WD DJB animals. Conclusion: Duodenal-jejunal bypass did not improve the alterations observed in the diaphragm of western diet obese-rats.

Short-chain fructooligosaccharides do not alter glucose homeostasis but improve the lipid profile in obese rats / Frutooligossacarídeos de cadeia curta na dieta não altera homeostase glicêmica, porém melhora o perfil lipídico em ratos obesos

The present study investigated the effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) feeding on body weight, fat accumulation, glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in cafeteria (CAF) obese rats. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: control group (CTL, n = 10), which received a chow diet and water and CAF (n = 20), which received the cafeteria diet, standard chow and soda. After 30 weeks of diet, 10 animals of CAF group received scFOS in the diet (50 g kg-1 of diet) over a period of 50 days, forming the CAF FOS group. Were evaluated the body weight, fat pad as well as, quantity of feces, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (IR) and serum lipids levels. Animals submitted to the CAF diet displayed obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and IR. The scFOS feeding not altered obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and IR. CAF rats also presented hypertriglyceridemia and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol. The CAF FOS animals had reduced serum triglycerides (TG) and increased HDL-cholesterol. Thus, the use of scFOS in the diet can be considered as a hypolipidemic agent in the obese state.

O presente estudo investigou os efeitos da adição de frutooligossacarídeos de cadeia curta (scFOS) sobre o peso corporal, acúmulo de gordura, homeostase glicêmica e perfil lipídico em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria (CAF). Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (CTL, n = 10), que receberam dieta padrão e água e CAF, que receberam dieta de CAF, ração padrão e refrigerante (n = 20). Após 30 semanas, dez animais do grupo CAF receberam 50 g kg-1 de dieta de scFOS na ração padrão durante 50 dias, formando o grupo CAF FOS. Foram avaliados o peso corporal e o peso das gorduras, bem como, quantidade de fezes, homeostase glicêmica e concentração de lipídios séricos. Animais do grupo CAF apresentaram obesidade, hiperglicemia, intolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinemia e RI. A adição scFOS não alterou a obesidade, intolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinemia e RI no grupo CAF FOS comparado ao grupo CAF. Animais CAF também apresentaram hipertrigliceridemia e redução na concentração de HDL-colesterol. Os animais CAF FOS apresentaram redução na concentração sérica de triglicerídeos (TG) e aumento no HDL-colesterol. Desta forma, a utilização de scFOS na dieta pode ser considerado como um agente hipolipidêmico nos estados de obesidade.

Bloqueio do receptor AT1 da Angiotensina II reduz o número de folículos antrais em ratas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria / Blockade of AT1 receptor of Angiotensin II reduces the number of antral follicles in female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desenvolvimento folicular em ratas Wistar com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria (DCAF) submetidas à administração de losartan (LOS), um antagonista do receptor AT1 da Angiotensina II. MÉTODOS: Aos 21 dias de vida, as ratas foram separadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: controle (CTL), que recebeu ração padrão, e cafeteria (CAF), que recebeu a DCAF, altamente palatável e calórica. Aos 70 dias de vida, início da idade reprodutiva, animais do grupo CAF foram subdivididos em dois grupos (n=15/grupo): CAF, que recebeu água, e CAF+LOS, que recebeu 30 mg/kg de peso corporal (PC) de LOS por gavagem durante 30 dias. O grupo CTL também recebeu água por gavagem. Aos 100 dias de vida foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais e o PC e das gorduras retroperitoneal, perigonadal e subcutânea foi avaliado. Os ovários direitos foram retirados para contagem do número dos diferentes tipos de folículos ovarianos. As concentrações plasmáticas dos hormônios folículo-estimulantes (FSH), luteinizante (LH), prolactina (PRL) e progesterona foram avaliadas. Os resultados foram expressos como média±erro padrão da média. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado one-way ANOVA, seguido pelo pós-teste de Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: O PC e das gorduras, assim como o número de folículos antrais, foi elevado no grupo CAF em relação ao CTL. Todavia, as concentrações de FSH e LH foram mais baixas entre os animais CAF. A administração de LOS reduziu o PC e das gorduras retroperitoneal e subcutânea, bem como o número de folículos antrais. O tratamento com LOS atenuou a redução das concentrações de FSH e de LH. As concentrações de progesterona e PRL foram semelhantes entre os grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de LOS pode favorecer o desenvolvimento folicular em fêmeas obesas e pode possibilitar sua utilização como fármaco coadjuvante no tratamento da infertilidade associada à obesidade. .

PURPOSE: To evaluate the follicular development of female Wistar rats with obesity induced by the cafeteria diet, submitted to the administration of losartan (LOS), an antagonist of the AT1 receptor of Angiotensin II. METHODS: At weaning (21 days of age), female Wistar rats were randomly divided, into two groups: control (CTL) that received standard chow and cafeteria (CAF) that received a cafeteria diet, a highly palatable and highly caloric diet. At 70 days of age, at the beginning of the reproductive age, animals of the CAF group were subdivided into two groups (n=15/group): CAF, that received water, and CAF+LOS, that received LOS for 30 days. The CTL group also received water by gavage. At 100 days of age, the animals were euthanized and body weight (BW) as well as the retroperitoneal, perigonadal and subcutaneous fat weights were analyzed. The right ovaries were isolated for counting the number of primary, secondary, antral and mature follicles. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin and progesterone hormones were analyzed. The results were expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls post-test (p<0.05). RESULTS: BW and fat weight, as well as the number of antral follicles, were higher in the CAF group compared to the CTL group. However, FSH and LH levels were lower in CAF animals compared to CTL animals. LOS administration attenuated the reduction of FSH and LH levels. Progesterone and PRL levels were similar among groups. CONCLUSION: LOS could improve follicular development in obese females and could be used as an adjunctive drug in the treatment of infertility associated with obesity. .

Influence of low-level laser therapy on vertical jump in sedentary individuals / Influência do laser de baixa potência no salto vertical em indivíduos sedentários / Influência do laser de baixa potência no salto vertical em indivíduos sedentários

Objective To investigate the effects of low intensity laser (660nm), on the surae triceps muscle fatigue and power, during vertical jump in sedentary individuals, in addition to delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods We included 22 sedentary volunteers in the study, who were divided into three groups: G1 (n=8) without performing low intensity laser (control); G2 (n=7) subjected to 6 days of low intensity laser applications; and G3 (n=7) subjected to 10 days of low intensity laser applications. All subjects were evaluated by means of six evaluations of vertical jumps lasting 60 seconds each. In G2 and G3, laser applications in eight points, uniformly distributed directly to the skin in the region of the triceps surae were performed. Another variable analyzed was the delayed onset muscle soreness using the Visual Analog Scale of Pain. Results There was no significant difference in fatigue and mechanical power. In the evaluation of delayed onset muscle soreness, there was significant difference, being the first evaluation higher than the others. Conclusion The low intensity laser on the triceps surae, in sedentary individuals, had no significant effects on the variables evaluated. .

Objetivo Verificar os efeitos do laser de baixa potência (660nm) sobre o tríceps sural na fadiga muscular e na potência, durante o salto vertical, em indivíduos sedentários, além da dor muscular de início tardio. Métodos Foram inclusos no estudo 22 voluntários sedentários, divididos em três grupos: G1 (n=8), sem realização de laser de baixa potência (controle); G2 (n=7), submetido a 6 dias de aplicações de laser de baixa potência; e G3 (n=7), submetido a 10 dias de aplicações de laser de baixa potência. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio de seis avaliações de saltos verticais, com duração de 60 segundos cada. No G2 e G3, foram realizadas aplicações de laser em oito pontos, distribuídos uniformemente e diretamente na pele, na região de do tríceps sural. Outra variável analisada foi a dor muscular de início tardia, utilizando a Escala Visual Analógica de Dor. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa na fadiga e na potência mecânica. Na avaliação da dor muscular tardia, houve diferença significativa, sendo a primeira avaliação maior do que as demais avaliações. Conclusão A aplicação do laser de baixa potência no tríceps sural, em indivíduos sedentários, não apresentou efeitos significativos nas variáveis avaliadas. .

Duodenal jejunal bypass attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in western diet-obese rats

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) on serum and hepatic profiles of obese rats fed on a western diet (WD).METHODS:Twenty eight male Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent chow diet (CTL group) or WD ad libitum. After 10 weeks, WD rats were submitted to sham (WD SHAM) or duodenal-jejunal bypass (WD DJB). Body weight, fat pad depots, glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TyG, lipids profile and hepatic analyses were evaluated two months after surgery.RESULTS:The WD SHAM group presented greater obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis than the CTL group. WD DJB rats presented decreased serum glucose and insulin resistance, when compared to WD SHAM animals, without changes in insulinemia. In addition, DJB surgery normalized serum TG and attenuated TG accumulation and steatosis in the liver of the WD DJB group. Hepatic ACC and FAS protein expressions were similar in all groups.CONCLUSION:Duodenal-jejunal bypass attenuates hepatic parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats fed on a western diet.

Duodenal jejunal bypass attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in western diet-obese rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) on serum and hepatic profiles of obese rats fed on a western diet (WD). METHODS: Twenty eight male Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent chow diet (CTL group) or WD ad libitum. After 10 weeks, WD rats were submitted to sham (WD SHAM) or duodenal-jejunal bypass (WD DJB). Body weight, fat pad depots, glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TyG, lipids profile and hepatic analyses were evaluated two months after surgery. RESULTS: The WD SHAM group presented greater obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis than the CTL group. WD DJB rats presented decreased serum glucose and insulin resistance, when compared to WD SHAM animals, without changes in insulinemia. In addition, DJB surgery normalized serum TG and attenuated TG accumulation and steatosis in the liver of the WD DJB group. Hepatic ACC and FAS protein expressions were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Duodenal-jejunal bypass attenuates hepatic parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats fed on a western diet. .

Effects of taurine supplementation and swimming, associated or not, on obesity and glucose homeostasis in mice / Efeito da suplementação com taurina e da natação, associadas ou não, sobre a obesidade e homeostase glicêmica em camundongos

Studies show that physical exercise (PE) is associated with a reduced fat accumulation and increased insulin sensitivity, and taurine (TAU) improves glucose homeostasis in lean rodents. The aim in this work was evaluate the effects of supplementing TAU and practice of PE, associated or not, on obesity and glucose homeostasis on obese MSG-mice. Neonate male Swiss mice received injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG group) or saline (CON group). From the 30th to the 90th day of life, one group of animals received TAU in drinking water (MSG TAU group), another was subjected to PE (MSG PE group) and a third group underwent both procedures (MSG PE TAU group). Mice treated with MSG become obese, hypertriglyceridemic, glucose intolerant and insulin resistant. The supplementation with TAU and the PE, isolated or associated, reduced the triglycerides (38%), glucose intolerance (around 30%) and KITT (79%) in MSG-obese animals, but did not influence the accumulation of fat. Interestingly, the combination of both strategies significantly reduced the insulin resistance, compared to animals subjected to isolated strategies. In conclusion, the supplementation with TAU and PE, isolated or associated, did not influence the accumulation of fat in MSG-obese mice, however, reduce the triglycerides and insulin resistance.

O exercício físico (EF) está associado à redução do acúmulo de gordura e aumento na sensibilidade à insulina e a taurina (TAU) melhora a homeostase glicêmica em roedores magros. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com TAU e do EF, associados ou não, sobre a obesidade e a homeostase glicêmica em camundongos obesos-MSG. Camundongos Swiss machos neonatos receberam injeções de glutamato monossódico (grupo MSG) ou salina (grupo CON). Do 30º ao 90º dia de vida, um grupo de animais MSG recebeu TAU na água de beber (MSG TAU); outro foi submetido ao EF (MSG EX) e um terceiro grupo foi submetido aos dois procedimentos (MSG EX TAU). Camundongos -MSG tornaram-se obesos, hipertrigliceridêmicos, intolerantes à glicose e resistentes à insulina. A suplementação com TAU e o EF, associados ou isolados, reduziram a trigliceridemia (38%), a intolerância à glicose (30%) e o KITT (79%) nos animais obesos-MSG, porém, não influenciaram o acúmulo de gordura. A associação das duas estratégias diminui significativamente a resistência à insulina, comparado aos animais submetidos às estratégias isoladas. Conclui-se que a suplementação com TAU e o EF, associados ou isolados, não influenciam no acúmulo de gordura dos camundongos obesos-MSG, porém, diminuem a trigliceridemia e a resistência à insulina.