Morphological variations of the labial frenum, type of attachment and presence of diastemas: integrative review / Variações morfológicas do freio labial, tipo de inserção e presença de diastemas: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present literature review was to compile data on the frequency of morphological and attachment types of the upper and lower labial frenum in different populations and investigate the association between the attachment level of the upper labial frenum and the occurrence of diastemas. Methods: Searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the Medline (via Ovid), Google Scholar and CAPES databases. Thirty-eight studies that evaluated frenum morphology, frenum morphology and attachment or frenum morphology, attachment and the occurrence of diastemas were selected for the extraction of data. Results: Based on the data compiled in this review, the most common morphological and attachment types were labial frenum normale and mucosal attachment. The papillary and papilla penetrating types of attachment were more associated with the occurrence of diastemas. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this correlation in children and adults.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é compilar dados referentes a frequência de tipos morfológicos e de inserção do freio labial superior ou inferior, em diferentes populações, além de avaliar a relação entre o nível de inserção do freio labial superior e a ocorrência de diastemas. Métodos: Foram consultadas as bases de dados Medline (via Ovid), o Google acadêmico e o portal periódicos CAPES. A pesquisa foi realizada no período compreendido entre os meses de maio e junho de 2021. Foram selecionados para a extração de dados 35 estudos, que avaliação a morfologia do freio ou morfologia e inserção ou morfologia, inserção e presença de diastemas. Resultados: A partir dos dados compilados por essa revisão, foi possível estabelecer que os tipos morfológicos e de inserção mais comuns foram freio labial simples e inserção em mucosa. Com relação ao tipo de inserção e a ocorrência de diastemas, os tipos papilar e papilar penetrante foram os mais associados à sua ocorrência. Conclusão: Há necessidade de estudos longitudinais que avaliem essa correlação em crianças e populações adultas.

Facial skin injuries caused by individual protectors in the combat to covid-19 / Lesões cutâneas faciais causadas por protetores individuais no combate à covid-19

ABSTRACT The single-stranded ribonucleic acid coronavirus is the seventh known member of the Coronaviridae family to infect humans. The droplets and aerosols that are suspended in the air with the virus can be transmitted by contact with the oral, nasal and eye mucosa, which can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. Due to the outbreak of the new coronavirus disease, the constant use of personal protective equipment by health professionals has become necessary, as the virus has a rapid and widespread spread. But, unexpectedly, the coronavirus outbreak brought another concern, the emergence of facial injuries due to the continuous and inappropriate use of these individual protectors, harming the health of these professionals. An alternative to alleviate and prevent such injuries would be the use of prophylactic creams and dressings in places where there is pressure caused by these equipment, as well as relieving the loads generated by them, at intervals that do not exceed 4 hours. Therefore, this literature review aimed to report the potential for the emergence of facial injuries caused by the continuous and inappropriate use of PPE, highlighting the most affected areas, the risks to the health of the professional, prevention and treatment, through the electronic consultation based on of data, PUBMED, SCOPUS and Bireme/BVS.

RESUMO O Coronavírus possui ácido ribonucléico de fita simples, sendo o sétimo membro conhecido da família Coronaviridae que infectam humanos. As gotículas e aerossóis que ficam suspensas no ar com o vírus pode ser transmitido por contato como mucosas bucal, nasais e oculares, podendo causar a síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Devido ao surto da nova doença do coronavírus, tornou-se necessário a utilização constante dos equipamentos de proteção individual pelos profissionais de saúde, visto que o vírus possui disseminação rápida e generalizada. Mas, inesperadamente o surto do coronavírus trouxe outra preocupação, o surgimento de lesões faciais pelo uso contínuo e inadequado destes protetores individuais, prejudicando a saúde desses profissionais. Uma alternativa para amenizar e prevenir tais lesões seria a utilização de cremes e curativos profiláticos nos locais onde há pressão causada por estes equipamentos, assim como o alivio das cargas geradas pelos mesmos, em intervalos que não ultrapassem 4 horas. Diante disso, esta revisão de literatura objetivou relatar o potencial de surgimento de lesões faciais causado pelo uso continuo e inadequado dos EPI's, evidenciando as áreas mais acometidas, os riscos à saúde do profissional, a prevenção e o tratamento, através da consulta eletrônica à base de dados, PUBMED, SCOPUS e Bireme/BVS.

Family functioning and dental trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in adolescents

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate perceived family cohesion and adaptability and its association with trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 921 adolescents from 13 to 19 years old of both sexes, enrolled in state public schools of a northeastern Brazilian municipality. A questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, the FACES III scale was applied and a clinical oral examination (dental trauma and malocclusion) and anthropometric (BMI by age) were performed. For statistical analysis, was evaluated by the Chi-square test. The variables that presented significance in the bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to the multivariate analysis (multinomial logistic regression), variables that presented significance in bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to multivariate analysis and all conclusions were drawn considering the significance level of 5%. Results: As a result, it was identified that displaced families were associated with low maternal education, agglutinated families associated with the absence of caries. Rigid families were associated with marked overjet and caries. The prevalence of dental trauma (37.5%) was considered high. Conclusion: It was concluded that family cohesion and adaptability were associated with oral health and socioeconomic factors

Aplicação da Tomografia de Coerência Ótica como método auxiliar de diagnóstico não invasivo na periodontia: revisão de literatura / Application of Optical Coherence Tomography as an auxiliary non-invasive diagnostic method in periodontics: literature review

O exame clínico, a sondagem periodontal e a radiografia são os três principais métodos de avaliação de saúde oral usados pelo cirurgião-dentista. Com isso, foi elaborado uma Revisão de Literatura com pesquisa no banco de dados da PubMed, Wiley Online Library e Google Acadêmico, com lapso temporal de 1998 a 2021, com o objetivo de avaliar a aplicação da TCO como possível método auxiliar no diagnóstico de doença periodontal. A partir de 1998, a TCO passa a ser estudada como possível método de diagnóstico não invasivo na Odontologia. Entre os benefícios referentes à Periodontia, tem sido relatado: a possibilidade de visualizar estruturas importantes do periodonto, fazer sondagem periodontal, diferenciar fenótipo gengival, detectar presença de cálculo supra e subgengival, além da observação de microestrutura e vascularização gengival, auxiliando no diagnóstico e acompanhamento do tratamento periodontal. Portando, a TCO é uma tecnologia emergente de bio-imagem que gera imagens estruturais bi e tridimensionais em alta resolução dos tecidos duros e moles do periodonto. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para superar as limitações da técnica e desenvolver sistemas de baixo custo para impulsionar seu uso em ambiente clínico... (AU)

Physical examination, periodontal probing and radiography are the three main methods of assessing oral health used by the dentist. Thereby, a Literature review was prepared based on research in the database of PubMed, Wiley Online Library and Google Academic, with time lapse from 1998 to 2021, with the objective of evaluating the application of OCT as a possible auxiliary method in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Since 1998, the OCT has been studied as a possible non-invasive diagnostic method in Dentistry. Among the benefits related to Periodontics, it has been reported: the possibility of viewing important structures of the periodontium, periodontal probing, differentiating gingival phenotype, detecting the presence of supra and subgingival calculus, in addition to the observation of gingival microstructure and vascularization, helping in the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal treatment. Therefore, the OCT is an emerging bio-imaging technology that generates high resolution bi and three-dimensional structural images of the hard and soft tissues of the periodontium. However, further studies are needed to overcome the limitations of the technique and develop low-cost systems to boost its use in a clinical setting... (AU)

Tratamento de mucosite periimplantar pela técnica de enxerto gengival livre: relato de caso / Treatment of peri-implant mucositis through free gingival graft technique: case report

A Mucosite peri-implantar é considerada a precursora da peri-implantite, ela é uma lesão inflamatória da mucosa peri-implantar na ausência de perda óssea marginal contínua. O objetivo desse relato de caso, foi descrever o tratamento da mucosite periimplantar através da cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre. Foi proposto, portanto, um tratamento reabilitador envolvendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar de forma a resgatar e restabelecer estética, função e bem-estar através do enxerto gengival livre para melhorar as características de mucosa e viabilizar uma previsibilidade de uma prótese definitiva implantosuportada em condições teciduais mais estáveis. O uso do EGL para aumento da gengiva queratinizada na cirurgia de implantes em paciente idosos é uma solução prática e segura para a manutenção da saúde periodontal ao redor do implante... (AU)

Peri-implant mucositis is considered the precursor of peri-implantitis, it is an inflammatory lesion of the peri-implant mucosa in the absence of continuous marginal bone loss. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of peri-implant mucositis through free gingival graft surgery. Therefore, a rehabilitation treatment involving a multidisciplinary approach was proposed in order to rescue and reestablish aesthetics, function and well-being through the free gingival graft to improve the characteristics of the mucosa and enable a predictability of a permanent implant prosthesis under more stable tissue conditions. The use of EGL to increase keratinized gingiva in implant surgery in elderly patients is a practical and safe solution for maintaining periodontal health around the implant... (AU)

Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation

Abstract When periodontal disease is diagnosed, it is difficult to predict the clinical response of treatment of a tooth over time because the result of treatment is affected by several factors and will depend on the maintenance and support of periodontal treatment. Rehabilitation with removable dental prostheses, fixed prostheses, and dental implants makes it possible to restore the function and esthetics of patients with tooth loss due to periodontal disease. The predictive factors of tooth loss in periodontitis patients should be assessed by dentists to inform their clinical decision-making during dental treatment planning. This will provide detailed individualized information and level of risk of patients considered suitable for dental rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the subject of "Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation" and the effect of fixed, removable, and implant-supported prostheses in periodontal patients.

Chronic Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of the FokI Polymorphism and Perception of Quality of Life

Abstract Objective: To analyze whether the FokI polymorphism (rs228570) present in the vitamin D receptor gene in type 2 diabetics is related to chronic periodontitis's clinical status and evaluates the influence of chronic periodontitis on the perception of quality of life. Material and Methods: It is a clinical and laboratory study, composed of a sample of 59 individuals with previous diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and chronic periodontitis, of both sexes. On clinical examination, socio-epidemiological data and quality of life of patients with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were recorded and a periogram was performed. Subsequently, saliva was collected spontaneously in sterile Falcon tubes (15 ml) and stored in the freezer at -20 °C. The purification of the genetic material was done with a PROMEGA kit (Wizard®), and the polymorphism studied was FokI (rs228570), found in the vitamin D receptor promoting region, with rs: 228570. After extraction of saliva DNA and purification, genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using specific allele probes (TaqMan® System). Results: The polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene was not positively associated with the severity and clinical characteristics of periodontitis, but suggested a relationship with the extent of the disease. Periodontitis also had no positive association with patients' perception of quality of life. Conclusion: The perception of quality of life of patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus was compromised by the systemic condition, secondary to oral health, although some dimensions of OHIP-14 have been more frequently mentioned, such as psychological discomfort, physical pain and physical disability.

Quality of models supplied to dental laboratories for the fabrication of partial removable denture framework / Qualidade de modelos enviados aos laboratórios para execução de prótese parcialmente removível

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the models and plannings of metallic framework of removable partial prosthesis sent to dental laboratories in the city of Recife. Methods: The physical and technical conditions of plaster models were sent by the dentists to 4 dental laboratories. All models were examined, photographed and recorded on a form according to the research objective. Results: A total number of 235 models sent by dental surgeons were used to prepare the metallic structure, in which none of the models presented surveying nor the path of insertion. Out of the 235 models, 41 (17.44%) presented serious failures, such as positive and negative bubbles, broken dental elements, direct retainers and damaged edentulous areas. With respect to the planning, only 22 (9.35%) models were presented with the metallic framework planning, but in an unsatisfactory way. Regarding mouth preparation, no model presented a guide plane, and only 6.8% of models had rests seats, but incorrectly prepared. Conclusion: The models evaluated presented poor quality, lack of planning and no mouth preparation. This shows the need for dental surgeons to be aware of the appropriate prosthesis models and plannings in order to ensure a satisfactory and long-term rehabilitation of the patient, as well as preserving the remaining mouth structures.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os modelos e planejamentos das estruturas metálicas das próteses parciais removíveis enviadas aos laboratórios de prótese dentária da cidade do Recife. Métodos Foram avaliadas as condições físicas e técnicas dos modelos de gesso enviados pelos dentistas à 4 laboratórios de prótese dentária. Todos os modelos foram examinados, fotografados e registrados por meio de um formulário de acordo com o objetivo da pesquisa. Avaliou-se 235 modelos enviados pelos cirurgiões dentistas para confecção da estrutura metálica, na qual nenhum dos modelos apresentou delineamento e registro do eixo de inserção. Resultados Dos 235 modelos, 41 (17,44%) apresentaram falhas graves, tais como bolhas positivas, bolhas negativas, elementos dentários quebrados, retentores diretos e áreas edêntulas danificados. Quanto ao planejamento, apenas 22 (9,35%) modelos apresentavam-se com o desenho da estrutura metálica, porém, de maneira insatisfatória. Quanto ao preparo de boca, nenhum modelo apresentou preparo de plano guia, e apenas 6,8% dos modelos possuíam nichos, porém confeccionados de maneira incorreta. Conclusão Os modelos avaliados apresentaram qualidade insatisfatória, ausência de planejamento e realização de preparo de boca. Isto demonstra a necessidade de conscientização dos cirurgiões dentistas para a confecção dos modelos e planejamentos adequados das próteses, a fim de garantir uma reabilitação duradoura e satisfatória ao paciente, assim como proservação das estruturas bucais remanescentes.

Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of oral problems on the quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 302 individuals with DM2 who answered the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire as well as a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic and oral health characteristics. After filling out the questionnaires, the participants were submitted to a clinical dental examination Periodontal diseases, dental caries and edentulism. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was 47%. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that remained significantly associated with a negative impact on quality of life were xerostomia (OR= 2.15; 95% CI: 1.07-4.30), denture need (OR= 3.71; 95% CI: 1.17-11.73) and periodontitis (OR= 5.02; 95% CI: 2.19-11.52). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of impact on OHRQoL was high in the sample studied. Xerostomia, denture need and periodontitis posed a risk of negative impact on the quality of life of individuals with DM2, independently of socioeconomic status

Diabete melito tipo 2 e osseointegração: revisão de literatura / Diabetes mellitus type 2 and osseointegration: literature review

O edentulismo é um problema que acomete uma grande porcentagem da população e os pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2(DM2) apresentam maior risco de falha no implante dentário. Alguns fatores são reconhecidos como fundamentais para a obtenção e manutenção da osseointegração e são definidos como "triângulo de sucesso de Massler": saúde sistêmica e local do indivíduo, sistema de implantes e equipe de profissionais. Diabete melito (DM), como uma das principais condições sistêmicas do século XXI, é uma doença comum em todo o mundo. A capacidade de antecipar os resultados é uma parte essencial do gerenciamento de riscos em uma prática de implante, sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho através de revisão de literatura é relatar a influência do diabete melito tipo 2 no processo de osseointegracão de implantes dentários. Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), no PubMed® e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores "Type 2 diabetes mellitus, osseointegration, dental implant". O controle glicêmico é o nó crítico do tratamento e deverá ser contornado para um melhor prognóstico, deve-se aguardar o período de osseointegração e não executar o carregamento da prótese para uma correta recuperação da biomecânica óssea. (AU)

Edentulism is a problem that affects a large percentage of the population and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) present a higher risk of failure in the dental implant. Some factors are recognized as fundamental for obtaining and maintaining osseointegration and are defined as "Massler's success triangle": systemic and local health of the individual, implant system and team of professionals. Diabetes mellitus (DM), as one of the major systemic conditions of the 21st century, is a common disease worldwide. The ability to anticipate results is an essential part of risk management in an implant practice. The aim of this paper is to report the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the osseointegration process of dental implants. An electronic search was performed on the Portal of Periodicals of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES), PubMed® and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors "Type 2 diabetes mellitus, osseointegration, dental implant". Glycemic control is the critical node of the treatment and should be bypassed for a better prognosis, waiting for the period of osseointegration and not performing the loading of the prosthesis for a correct recovery of the bone biomechanics. (AU)

The impact of dental anxiety and dental fear on the periodontal status and quality of life among dental patients

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate levels of Dental Fear (DF) and Dental Anxiety (DA) among individuals awaiting appointments at the clinics of two courses in dentistry and determine the impact on oral health status and quality of life. Methods: An observational study was conducted with a sample of adult dental patients. Levels of DF and DA and the perception of quality of life were determined using questionnaires and periodontal data. Results: Among the 287 subjects, 71.4% were female, 7.3% were classified as very anxious and 16% were classified as anxious. Gender was significantly associated with DA (p = 0.001); 20% of the female volunteers and 6.1% of the males were classified as anxious. The frequency of moderate and extreme fear was 42.9% and was not significantly correlated with gender (p = 0.071). The prevalence of a negative impact from oral health status on quality of life (measured using the OHIP-14 scale) was 38.3% and income was significantly associated with this outcome (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Levels of DA and DF were substantial among the individuals analyzed. Women with a lower education were susceptible to anxiety. DA and DF were associated with periodontal status or impact on quality of life

Clinical and Metabolic Effects of two Periodontal Therapeutic Modalities in Diabetic Patients with Residual Pockets

Objective: To evaluate the metabolic control and compare the clinical effects between non-surgical and surgical therapies on periodontal treatment of residual pockets of type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Methods: 352 periodontal sites in 16 type 2 diabetic subjects with residual pockets of similar depths were randomly selected, whose contralateral quadrants were divided into G1 and G2 undergoing surgical and nonsurgical therapy, respectively, and evaluated 3 and 6 months after the first intervention. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Fisher's exact test was used to verify differences between means obtained in the clinical parameters between G1 and G2. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: The mean Hb1Ac values of patients were significantly reduced and the mean PD and CIL values were reduced in G1 with no significant difference when compared to G2. Conclusion: Periodontal treatment was effective in metabolic control of type 2 diabetic patients and that both therapies, surgical and non-surgical, behaved similarly when compared.

Marcadores salivares para a periodontite crônica no diabético tipo 2 / Salivar markers for chronic periodontitis in diabetic type 2

Introdução: a periodontite crônica é a sexta doença infecciosa mais prevalente no mundo, seus fatores de risco são o aumento da idade, tabaco, fatores genéticos, obesidade e distúrbios sistêmicos como o diabetes. O diabetes é uma pandemia tanto em países desenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento, é uma doença complexa com graus variados de complicações sistêmicas e orais. Assim, é urgente a necessidade de um método fácil para detectá-la permitindo a intervenção antes da progressão da doença periodontal. Á análise de metabólitos da saliva tem sido proposta como uma ferramenta efetiva para o diagnóstico e tratamento periodontal. Objetivo: discorrer sobre alternativas de diagnóstico de periodontite crônica em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 utilizando marcadores salivares. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), para a realização do referido levantamento, utilizou-se os descritores "Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic periodontitis, Biomarkers, Saliva". Resultados: a detecção precoce da periodontite crônica não é apenas vital para reduzir a sua gravidade e prevenir complicações, mas também crítico para aumentar a taxa de sucesso da terapia. Conclusão: a utilização de biomarcadores na medicina é uma realidade difundida e tem relação direta com a modernização dos meios de saúde, na odontologia vem se pleiteando seu uso, mas ainda necessita de maiores estudos e aperfeiçoamentos das técnicas já empregadas com o intuito de diminuir seus custos, aumentar especificidade e acesso dos profissionais de saúde.(AU)

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent infectious disease in the world. Its risk factors are increased age, tobacco, genetic factors, obesity, and systemic disorders such as diabetes. Diabetes is a pandemic in both developed and developing countries, it is a complex disease with varying degrees of systemic and oral complications. Thus, there is an urgent need for an easy method to detect it allowing intervention before the progression of periodontal disease. The analysis of saliva metabolites has been proposed as an effective tool for periodontal diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To discuss alternatives for diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients using salivary markers. Methodology: An electronic search was performed in the Portal of Periodicals of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES). The descriptors "Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic periodontitis, Biomarkers, Saliva" were used to perform this survey. Results: early detection of chronic periodontitis is not only vital to reduce its severity and prevent complications, but also critical to increase the success rate of therapy. Conclusion: the use of biomarkers in medicine is a widespread reality and has a direct relationship with the modernization of health facilities. In dentistry, its use has been sought, but it still needs further studies and improvements of techniques already employed with the intention of reducing its Increase the specificity and access of health professionals.(AU)

Taxa de falha em implantes dentários de estágio único com conexão cone-morse em função do tempo de carregamento: avaliação retrospectiva de 245 implantes / The failure rate of one-stage, morse cone dental implants according to loading time periods: a retrospective evaluation of 245 implants

Objetivo: determinar a ocorrência de insucessos conforme o tempo de carregamento em implantes dentários de estágio único. Material e métodos: neste estudo retrospectivo com série de casos, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, um banco de dados foi utilizado para coleta de desfechos clínicos (queixas subjetivas, infecção com supuração, mobilidade, profundidade de sondagem, sangramento gengival, e recessão gengival) e radiográficos (perda óssea anual). O tempo de carga foi dividido em G1(< 1 ano de carga), G2 (≥ 1 e < 5 anos de carga) e G3 (≥ 5 anos de carga). Análises bivariadas, de máxima verossimilhança, de regressão logística binária e OR foram aplicadas (nível de significância 5%). Resultados: 245 implantes cone-morse tissue level e bone level (G1=48, G2=103, G3=94; insucesso geral = 36,73%) foram avaliados em 111 indivíduos. O insucesso dos implantes foi maior em G1 (qui-quadrado = p < 0,001) do que no G2 e G3. A chance de perda de implantes no G1 (OR = 9,8) foi maior (p < 0,001) comparada ao G2 e G3 (sem diferenças estatísticas). Em geral, a radiolucência, o sangramento à sondagem, profundidade > 5 mm, e a perda óssea anual peri-implantar mostraram signifi cância estatística (qui-quadrado, p ≤ 0,001). Entretanto, apenas o sangramento (p < 0,001) e a perda óssea (p=0,014) mostraram significância na comparação entre grupos. Conclusão: a taxa de insucessos em implantes de estágio único conexão cone-morse foi maior no primeiro ano de carregamento.

Objective: to determine the failure rates of one-stage morse cone dental implants according to loading time periods. Material and Methods: in this retrospective case series study, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, a database was screened to collect clinical (subjective complaints, infection with suppuration, mobility, probing depth, gingival bleeding, and gingival recession) and radiographic (annual bone loss) outcomes. The loading time was divided into G1 (<1 year), G2 (≥ 1 and <5 years) and G3 (≥ 5 years). Bivariate analysis, maximum likelihood, and the binary logistic regression with OR were applied (5% significance level). Results: 245 morse cone implants (tissue and bone level types; G1 = 48, G2 = 103, G3 = 94, overall failure = 36.73%) were evaluated in 111 subjects. The implant failure was higher in G1 (chi-square = p < 0.001) than in G2 and G3. The chance of implant loss in G1 (OR = 9.8) was higher (p < 0.001) compared to G2 and G3 (no statistical differences). In general, radiolucency, bleeding on probing, probing depth > 5 mm, and the peri-implant annual bone loss demonstrated statistical signifi cance (chi-square, p ≤ 0,001). However, only bleeding on probing (p < 0.001) and bone loss (p = 0.014) were significant on comparison among groups. Conclusion: the failure rate of one-stage morse cone dental implants was higher in the fi rst year of loading.

Comparação de critérios de diagnóstico clínico de periodontite em diabéticos / Comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria of periodontitis in diabetics

Objetivo: A diversidade de critérios de diagnóstico clínico para periodontite em trabalhos científicos tem dificultado a determinação adequada da frequência desta doença e diminuído a possibilidade de comparações entre os estudos. O objetivo foi comparar cinco critérios encontrados na literatura que a associam a profundidade de sondagem (PS) e a perda de inserção clínica (PIC) na determinação da doença periodontal. Material e Métodos: 92 pacientes diabéticos foram submetidos à avaliação periodontal, sendo registrado medidas de PS e PIC em seis sítios em cada dente, e sangramento a sondagem. Com os dados registrados foi calculada a frequência da doença periodontal aplicando os diferentes critérios e posteriormente foi avaliado a concordância entre 5 critérios, utilizando o índice de Kappa (K). Resultados: A frequência de casos de periodontite para os critérios I (PIC ≥ 5 mm em 4 ou mais sítios, e pelo menos um deles com PS ≥ 4 mm), II (PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 4 mm em pelo menos um sítio), III (4 ou mais dentes com pelo menos 1 sítio com PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 3 mm), IV (2 ou mais dentes com pelo menos 1 sítio PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 3mm) e V (PIC ≥ 6 mm em 2 ou mais dentes e PS ≥ 5 mm em 1 ou mais sítios) foi de 59,8%, 67,4%, 51,1%, 56,5% e 57,6%, respectivamente. A concordância entre os critérios de diagnósticos clínicos pelo Kappa variou entre 0,47 (47%) e 0,89 (89%). Conclusão: A frequência de distribuição da periodontite em pacientes diabéticos utilizando diversos critérios de diagnóstico não apresentou grande variação, e a concordância foi considerada entre razoável a boa e excelente. (AU)

Objective: The variability of clinical diagnostic criteria for periodontitis in scientific papers has difficulted the proper determination of the frequency of this disease and decreases the possibility of comparisons between studies. The aim of this study was to compare five criteria found in the literature associated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) in the determination of periodontal disease. Methods: 92 diabetic patients underwent periodontal evaluation, and measures of PD and CAL was performed at six sites on each tooth, and bleeding on probing. With the recorded data the frequency of periodontal disease was calculated by applying different criteria and was subsequently evaluated the correlation between 5 criteria, using the Kappa index (K). Results: The frequency of cases of periodontitis for the criteria I (CAL ≥ 5 mm in 4 or more sites, with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm), II (PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 4 mm in at least one site), III (4 or more teeth with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm), IV (2 or more teeth with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm e CAL ≥ 3mm) e V (CAL ≥ 6 mm in 2 or more teeth and PD ≥ 5 mm in one or more sites) was 59.8%, 67.4%, 51.1%, 56.5% and 57.6%, respectively. The agreement between the criteria for clinical diagnosis by Kappa ranged from 0.47 (47%) and 0.89 (89%). Conclusion: The frequency distribution of periodontitis in diabetic patients using various diagnostic criteria did not show great variation, and the agreement was considered reasonable to good and excelente (AU)

Tratamento de mucosite em pacientes usuários de reabilitação implante suportada: relato de caso / Treatment of mucositis in patients using implant supported rehabilitation: case report

Uma das principais causas de insucesso das reabilitações implanto suportada está relacionada à inflamação dos tecidos de sustentação peri-implantar a longo prazo. Mucosites podem ser definidas como alterações inflamatórias reversíveis dos tecidos moles periimplantares que não sofreram perda óssea. O conceito de mucosite alude a uma reação inflamatória de caráter reversível, sem perda óssea, equivalente à gengivite do periodonto. É caracterizada, principalmente, pela dor, sangramento gengival, eritema e ulcerações. A prevalência de complicações após a restauração oral com próteses implantosuportadas é alta. No entanto, existem poucos trabalhos na literatura sobre esse tipo de complicações, o que torna difícil comparar os resultados e avaliar se a presença de problemas protéticos é frequente ou não. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o relato de caso de mucosite peri-implantar e discutir os principais métodos de tratamento e prevenção desse processo patológico... (AU)

The principal complication causes of failure of implant supported restorations is related to inflammation of the peri-implant tissues support the long term. Mucositis can be defined as reversible inflammatory changes in the peri-implant soft tissues that has not undergone bone loss. The concept of mucositis refers to an inflammatory reaction reversible character without bone loss, equivalent to periodontal gum disease. It is characterized by pain, gingival bleeding, erythema and ulceration. The prevalence of complications after oral restoration with implants supported dentures hybrids is high. However, there are few studies on this type of complications, which makes it difficult to compare results and assess whether the presence of prosthetic problems is frequent or not. This work aims to realize the case of peri-implant mucositis and discuss the main methods of treatment and prevention of this disease process... (AU)

Polimorfismos genéticos e o insucessodos implantes dentários: estudo piloto / Genetic polymorphism and failure ofdental implants: a pilot study

Objetivo: verificar a relação entre polimorfismos genéticos ligados às citocinas da remodelação óssea osteoprotegerina (OPG) e o ligante do ativador do receptor do fator nuclear kappa ß(RANKL), além de relacionar a presença de polimorfismos em OPG e RANKL com o insucesso clínico dos implantes dentários ao longo do tempo e determinar quais combinações de polimorfismos de OPG e RANKL estão associados ao insucesso de implantes dentários. Métodos: vinte pacientes, de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, reabilitados com 34 implantes dentários, foram avaliados por um período de 24 meses após a instalação das coroas sobre implantes. Após os exames clínico e radiográfico, os pacientes foram incluídos no grupo de insucesso dos implantes caso um ou mais do seguintes critérios fossem encontrados: mobilidade, queixas subjetivas persistentes, infecção peri-implantar recorrente com supuração, radiolucência contínua ao redor do implan- te, profundidade de sondagem ≥ 5mm e sangramento à sondagem. Foi coletado sangue periférico para a análise do polimorfismo das citocinas OPG e RANKL por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo de falha dos implantes em relação aos genótipos de OPG e RANKL. Conclusão: os polimorfismos de OPG e RANKL não influenciaram no insucesso dos implantes dentários na amostra avaliada.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms related to cytokinesin bone remodeling osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ß ligand (RANKL). It also aims to relate the presence of OPG and RANKL polymorphisms with clinicalfailure of dental implants over time and to determine which combinations of OPG and RANKL polymorphisms are associated with failure of dental implants. Methods: Twenty patients of both sexes, over eighteen years, rehabilitated with thirty-four dental implants were evaluated during 24months after implant-supported crown placement. After clinical and radiographic examination, patients were included in a failure group if one or more of the following criteria were identified: mobility, persistent subjective complaints, recurrent peri-implantitis with suppuration, continuous radiolucency around the implant, probing depth ≥ 5 mm and bleeding on probing. Peripheral blood was collected for analysis of cytokine OPG and RANKL polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the failure group in relation to genotypes OPG and RANKL. Conclusion: OPG and RANKL polymorphisms didnot influence dental implants failure in the investigated sample.

Correlation between clinical and radiographic findings on the occurrence of furcation involvement in patients with periodontitis.

Aim : The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of furcation involvement in the molars of patients with chronic periodontitis and correlate clinical and radiographic findings. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects aged 35-69 years enrolled for treatment at a periodontics specialization program in Pernambuco, Brazil (EAP-SCDP-ABO/PE) participated in the study, comprising a total of 350 molars examined. The clinical diagnosis of furcation involvement was performed with a horizontal Nabers probe, whereas the radiographic examination was performed with periapical and bite-wing radiographs. The images were analyzed with an X-ray viewer at 3× magnification. The Chi-square test was used, with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: A total of 64.5% individuals presented with furcation involvement, 43.1% of whom had degree II furcation. A significant association (P = 0.0060) was found between tooth type and frequency of furcation involvement. The first lower and upper molars were affected in 64.5 and 58.5% of cases, respectively. Adequate agreement (0.65) was observed between the clinical and radiographic findings. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the method employed and the results obtained, it may be concluded that the clinical and radiographic examinations performed are effective tools for diagnosing furcation involvement in teeth affected with periodontal disease.

Autoavaliação da saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements, Pernambuco State, Brazil / Autoevaluación de la salud bucal y factores asociados entre adultos en áreas de asentamiento rural, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de autoavaliação negativa de saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural. A amostra probabilística consistiu de 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 anos em áreas de assentamento rural no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A variável dependente foi autoavaliação da condição de saúde bucal e as independentes foram: características demográficas, de predisposição/disponibilidade de recursos, comportamentos relacionados à saúde bucal, condições objetivas e subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada por meio de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa da saúde bucal foi de 70,5%. A autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foi mais prevalente em indivíduos mais jovens, de baixa escolaridade, entre as mulheres, e entre os de cor preta e parda. Os preditores da autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foram a cor da pele, a necessidade autorreferida de tratamento odontológico e o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida.

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with the following independent variables: demographic characteristics, predisposition and availability of resources, oral health-related behavior, objective oral health conditions, and subjective oral health conditions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 70.5%. Negative self-rated oral health was associated with younger age, lower schooling, female gender, and black or brown skin color. Predictors of negative self-rated oral health included skin color, self-defined need for dental care, and the impact of oral health problems on quality of life.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de autoevaluación negativa de salud bucal y factores asociados entre adultos en áreas de asentamiento rural. La muestra probabilística consistió en 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 años en áreas de asentamiento rural en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. La variable dependiente fue la autoevaluación de la condición de salud bucal y las independientes fueron: características demográficas, de predisposición/disponibilidad de recursos, comportamientos relacionados con la salud bucal, condiciones objetivas y subjetivas relacionadas con la salud bucal. Fueron estimadas las razones de prevalencia bruta y ajustada por medio de la regresión de Poisson. La prevalencia de autopercepción negativa de la salud bucal fue de un 70,5%. La autoevaluación negativa de la salud bucal fue más prevalente en individuos más jóvenes, de baja escolaridad, entre las mujeres, y entre los afrobrasileños y mestizos/mulatos. Los predictores de la autoevaluación negativa de la salud bucal fueron el color de la piel, la necesidad autorreferida de tratamiento odontológico y el impacto de las condiciones de salud bucal en la calidad de vida.

Fatores associados as perdas dentarias entre adultos em areas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Factors associated with tooth loss among adults in rural areas in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de perdas dentárias e fatores associados em adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade em áreas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de 568 indivíduos. O número de perdas dentárias (< 12 e > 12) foi o desfecho investigado. As variáveis independentes foram: características sociodemográficas, condições subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal, impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida através do Oral Health Impact Profile na sua versão reduzida (OHIP-14) e utilização de serviços odontológicos. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada através de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de pelo menos uma perda dentária entre os indivíduos da amostra foi de 91,4%. Perdas dentárias foram fortemente associadas à faixa etária, à autopercepção da saúde bucal e ao impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. A alta prevalência de perdas dentárias em adultos em áreas rurais confirma a necessidade de haver uma reorientação dos serviços públicos odontológicos voltados para esse contingente populacional.

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and associated factors among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59 years in rural areas in the state Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 568 participants. The number of lost teeth (d" 12 and > 12) was the outcome investigated. The independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, subjective oral health conditions, impact of oral health on quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the use of dental services. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth lost was 91.4%. Tooth loss was strongly associated with age group, self-perceived oral health and oral health impact on quality of life. The high prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults in rural areas shows a need for a reorientation of public dental services aimed at this population group.