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Leptin is a cytokine hormone secreted by white and brown adipose tissue to participate in the processes of cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,and cytokine secretion.The latest research confirms that leptin is closely correlated with the occurrence and development of lung cancer.Lepdin can regulate the microenvironment of lung cancer by regulating immune response and nerve endocrine.This article reviews the role and mechanism of leptin in the microenvironment of lung cancer,aiming to provide reference for basic re-search on lung cancer.
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Objective To investigate the influences of gender,age,and body mass index (BMI)on the arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.Methods A total of 1026 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study from 6 community health centers in Baoshan District and Shanghai Third People's Hospital.The Related medical histories and carotid-femoral(C-F) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were recorded and PWV were re-tested in 672 patients after 1 year's follow-up.The C-F PWV was analyzed from different group of Gender,age and BMI at baseline and after follow up.Results (1)C-F PWV of the male hypertensive patients were higher than that of female's and the corresponding figures were (13.63 ±3.07)m/s and (12.59±2.85)m/s(P ＜0.01).After one year's follow up,C-F PWV was increased in both male and female with corresponding figures of (14.11 ± 3.58) m/s and (13.51 ± 3.56) m/s (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The C-F PWV was increased with age.The corresponding figures were [(11.11 ± 2.00) m/s for age group 30 ～ 50 years old,(12.73 ± 2.77) m/s for age group ＞ 50 ～ 70 years old,and (14.74 ± 3.29) m/s for age group ＞ 70 years old,all P ＜0.01].After one year's follow-up,C-F PWV of three age groups was increased and the corresponding figures were [(11.36±1.78)m/s(P ＞0.05),(13.39±3.33)m/s(P ＜0.01),and (15.68 ±3.94)m/s(P ＜0.05)].The increased range of C-F PWV (from high to low) was age group ＞ 70,age group ＞ 50 ～70 and age group 30 ～50.(3) C-F PWV of patients with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 was significantly lower than that of patients with BMI ＜24 kg/m2 and the corresponding figures were [(12.93 ±2.89)m/s and (13.39 ±3.18)m/s,P ＜0.05].After one year's follow up,C-F PWV was increased and the figures were [(13.54 ± 3.54) rn/s and (14.27±3.61) m/s,respectively(P ＜0.01)].Conclusions Except BMI,gender and age were the important influence factors on arterial stiffness.
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BACKGROUND:More and more studies employ CD44 as a specific marker of colorectal cancer stem cells. Oct4 is a transcription factor of embryonic stem cells, and it has been discovered recently that there is a higher expression in primary colorectal carcinoma. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quantity, location and distribution of CD44+/Oct4+cells in primary colorectal carcinoma. METHODS:A total y of 108 cases of human colorectal carcinoma and 18 cases of normal mucosa, 18 cases of adenoma were col ected and made into three tissue microarrays, each containing of 48 dots. The locations of CD44+/Oct4+cells were detected by double-label immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The morphologic features of them were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin staining at the same position. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of double-label immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there were no CD44+/Oct4+cells in normal intestine mucosa and a very smal amount of CD44+/Oct4+cells in adenoma, and double-positive cells could also be seen in colorectal carcinoma. The number of CD44+/Oct4+cells was rare and the cells were scattered or distributed focal y along the basement of gland basal side. The cells with scarce cytoplasm were square, and its nucleus was oval or high cylindrical, deeply stained and homogeneous. The quantity of CD44+/Oct4+cells was negatively correlated with the differentiation of colorectal cancer (r=-0.579, P<0.01), and was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (r=0.236, P<0.05). These findings indicate that CD44+/Oct4+cells may be colorectal cancer stem cells.