RÉSUMÉ
【Objective】 To analyze the situation of regular whole blood donation in Tianjin between 2013 and 2022, in order to provide data support for improving the recruitment and retention measures of regular blood donors and ensuring safe clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 From 2013 to 2022, 185 639 regular whole blood donors in Tianjin were selected as the study group and 1 015 312 other whole blood donors in the same period were selected as the control group. The demographic data, blood collection volume and blood retest screening of blood donors in the two groups were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The number of regular blood donors and the volume of blood donated in Tianjin increased year by year from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 6.22% and 6.18%, respectively. From 2013 to 2021, the retention rate of regular blood donors increased first and then decreased. The proportion of male blood donors in the study and control groups showed a decreasing trend but the proportion of female donors showed an increasing trend, with the proportion of male donors in the study group higher than that in the control group and the proportion of female donors lower than that in the control group (both P<0.05). In the study group, the majority of blood donors were in the age of 26-35 years old, followed by those of 36-45 years old; in the control group, the majority of blood donors were in the age of 18-25 years old, followed by those of 26-35 years old; the proportion of blood donors in the study group in the age of 18-25 years old was lower than that in the control group, while the proportion of blood donors of other age group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rates of 200 mL and 300 mL blood donations and insufficient blood donations in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while the rate of 400 mL blood donations was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Among the blood donors in the study group, the proportion of students, civil servants, medical workers, military personnel, teachers and others was lower than that of the control group, while the proportion of the rest occupations was higher in the study group than that of the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant. There was a significant difference in the proportion of regular blood donors among blood donors of different professions. The re-test deferral rates of ALT and anti-TP in the study group showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend, and the re-test deferral rates of HBV, HCV and HIV showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, and all the re-test deferral rates in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . 【Conclusion】 From 2013 to 2022, the situation of regular blood donors in Tianjin has a certain regularity, and there is certain room for growth. Precise recruitment strategies targeting different populations should be adopted to have more regular blood donors.
RÉSUMÉ
【Objective】 To investigate the basic situation of blood donation given by university students in Tianjin and provide data to support the sustainable development of college blood donation. 【Methods】 The group blood donation in Tianjin universities from 2012 to 2021 was enrolled as the study group and other whole blood donors in the same period as the control. The statistical analysis of the two groups was conducted. 【Results】 From 2012 to 2021, the number of college blood donations in Tianjin increased from 8.93% to 21.32%, with the average annual growth rate of 12.80%, and the units of blood donated increased from 5.44% to 18.82%, with the average annual growth rate of 17.06%. The repeat donation rate in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control(20.74% vs 25.47%, P<0.05). In 2012, the specification of blood donated by college students were mainly 200 mL(87.38%), then in 2021, gradually transitioned to 400 mL(38.77%), followed by 200 mL(35.19%) and 300 mL(26.03%). The rates of 200/300 mL donation and insufficient blood donation in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control, to the contrary, the rate of 400 mL donation was lower in comparison to the control, with statistically significant differences. The deferral rates of initial screening and ALT among college donors differed significantly over the decade: HBsAg showed a significant downward trend, while Hb increased significantly(P<0.05); the deferral items in the study group was significantly lower than the control(P<0.05), except Hb. During the retest period, the deferral rates of ALT and HBV were decreasing, which was the lowest in 2018 then bounced back slightly; the deferral rate of HIV showed a increasing tendency(P<0.05). The deferral rates of all retest items in the study group were lower than those in the control(P<0.05). In the study group, no significant differences were noticed in the deferral rates of retest items by genders, except for ALT and HCV, as males were higher than females. 【Conclusion】 College student groups are an important force in blood donation. A long-term mechanism should be established to safeguard this special group and to provide targeted health education and personalised services to promote the sustainable and healthy development of blood donation in universities.
RÉSUMÉ
【Objective】 To analyze the infection characteristics and prevalence of HIV among college group voluntary blood donors in Tianjin, China, so as to provide data support for improving the promotion and recruitment strategies of voluntary blood donors, ensuring the safety of blood for clinical use, and formulating HIV prevention and control strategies for adolescents. 【Methods】 The college donors with anti-HIV(+ ) and HIV RNA(+ ) results in Tianjin from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 were selected and analyzed. The relationships among HIV positive rate(anti-HIV+ or HIV RNA+ ), solo anti-HIV positive rate(anti -HIV+ and HIV RNA-), solo HIV RNApositive rate(anti-HIV- and HIV RNA+ ) and double positive rate(anti-HIV+ and HIV RNA+ ) between different years, gender, residence status, age and blood donation history(primary or repeated blood donation) were counted. 【Results】 The HIV positive rate and solo HIV RNA positive rate of college group blood donors from 2012 to 2021 showed a trend with significant increasing(χ2=49.266, 71.379, P<0.05). The HIV positive rate in the controls was significantly higher than that in the college blood donors(χ2=92.414, P< 0.05). The HIV positive rate and solo anti-HIV positive rate showed no differences by genders, but the male presented significant higher positive rate in solo HIV RNA and double positive results than the females(χ2=6.059, 10.900, P<0.05). The HIV positive rate of local resident was significantly lower than those nonlocal students(χ2=47.523, P<0.05). The HIV positive rate differed significantly by ages, with the highest at the age of 18 and the lowest at the age of 21(P<0.05). The difference of HIV double positive rates between the first-time and repeated donors was marginal, while the other three positive rates in thefirst-time donors were significantly higher than those in the repeated donors (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 In recent years, the HIV positive rate and solo HIV RNA positive rate of college group blood donors present an increasing tendency. The consultation and education on HIV-related issues should be strengthened among college students during blood donation publicity, so as to ensure the safety of blood use and prevent the spread of AIDS in schools.
RÉSUMÉ
Due to its exquisite sensitivity, excellent molecular specificity and reduced photobleaching, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has wide potential applications in the fields of food and drug analysis, environmental monitoring and biological detection. However, SERS is only a qualitative or semi-quantitative detection technique at the present stage, and has not yet been widely recognized as a routine quantitative technique. This review discusses the pros and cons of the quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques developed so far in the literature, and looks forward to the future trend in this field.