Sphaerospora festivus n. sp., a parasite of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from eastern Amazon, Brazil / Sphaerospora festivus n. sp., um parasito do ciclídeo bandeira, Mesonauta festivus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) da Amazônia oriental, Brasil

Abstract The present study describes a new species of the genus Sphaerospora found in the urinary bladder of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus collected in Corre Água district of the municipality of Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil). The study includes morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the new parasite, to determine the relationship of the new species with related myxosporean species. The new species has polysporous plasmodia, which vary in size and shape. The mature myxospores are subspherical shape in valvar view. In the sutural view, the myxospores are 5.3±0.2 (5.2-5.6) μm in length and 7.0±0.7 (6.3-7.7) μm in width, with two piriform polar capsules equal size, 2.5±0.2 (2.3-2.8) μm in length and 1.8±0.2 (1.6-2.0) μm in width. The phylogenetic analyses of a partial sequence of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the status of the new species and determined the relationship of the new species and related myxosporean species.The sum of the evidence indicates that, Sphaerospora festivus n. sp. belongs to the family Sphaerosporidae, and is the first record of the genus Sphaerospora from Brazil.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever uma nova espécie de Sphaerospora encontrado na bexiga urinária de Mesonauta festivus, coletado no distrito Corre Água, no município de Macapá, estado do Amapá (Brasil). Foram realizadas análises morfométricas e filogenéticas, nas quais se avaliou a relação entre as espécies de mixosporídeos já descritas. A nova espécie possui plasmódio poliespórico, que varia em tamanho e forma. Os esporos maduros são subesféricos. Na visão sutural, apresentam 5,3 ± 0,2 (5,2-5,6) μm de comprimento e 7,0 ± 0,7 (6,3-7,7) μm de largura, com duas cápsulas polares piriformes de tamanhos iguais, 2,5 ± 0,2 (2,3-2,8) μm de comprimento e 1,8 ± 0,2 (1,6-2,0) μm de largura. As análises filogenéticas das sequências parciais do gene 18S rDNA confirmam ser uma nova espécie e determinou a relação desta com outros myxozoários já relatados. Conclui-se que a espécie em estudo pertence à família Sphaerosporidae, gênero Sphaerospora, e nova espécie, Sphaerospora festivus n. sp. e primeira ocorrência de parasitos desse gênero no Brasil.

Effect of the treatment of Copaifera duckei oleoresin (copaiba) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that reaches more than 382 million people worldwide. It interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, causing chronic hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Copaifera duckei, Dwyer, Fabaceae, oleoresin on streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. This study was based on the induction of diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats and treated with doses of C. duckei oleoresin (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). Subsequently, the clinical, biochemical and histopathological of the pancreas parameters were evaluated. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that β-bisabolene (22.29%), β-caryophyllene (21.25%) and α-farnesene (15.58%) sesquiterpenes were the major components of the C. duckei oleoresin. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, it was possible to observe that the C. duckei oleoresin treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the clinical parameters, and that there was a positive improvement. This was attenuated by the urea, creatinine, and transaminases alterations (p < 0.001) observed in animals with diabetes mellitus, as well as the significantly reduced (p < 0.001) values of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and glucose. In the histopathological analyses of the pancreas, it was observed that the C. duckei oleoresin was able to restore β-cells and to significantly increase the quantity and diameter of the Langerhans islets (p < 0.05), when compared to the diabetic group. The treatment with C. duckei oleoresin, employed under the conditions of this study, presented antidiabetic activity and can improve the complications found in this syndrome.

Nanosuspension of quercetin: preparation, characterization and effects against Aedes aegypti larvae

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ºC). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ºC and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin.

Hypoglycemic effect of formulation containing hydroethanolic extract of Calophyllum brasiliense in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and severe metabolic dysfunction, it's slow and progressive evolution interferes directly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, causing hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polydipsia, hyperlipidaemia, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of hydroethanolic extract and granulated of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Clusiaceae, species in diabetic rats as well as it's biochemical parameters. The results demonstrated that both the pharmaceutical forms, hydroethanolic extract and granulated, were able to reduce significantly (p < 0.001) hyperglycemia and glycosuria, in addition to improve polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Treatments using hydroethanolic extract and granulated were also able to reduce significantly levels of triacylglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, as well as the transaminases, urea and creatinine levels. Therefore, it is concluded that these pharmaceutical forms have anti-diabetic effect and act improving the biochemical parameters, this effect is probably due to the high content of polyphenolic compounds found in the formulations.

Study of the in vitro release profile of sesquiterpenes from a vaginal cream containing Copaifera duckei Dwyer (Fabaceae) oleoresin.

Copaiba trees and their oleoresin is an important natural product used as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drug, in particular for gynecological infections. The in vitro release profile of sesquiterpenes in a vaginal cream containing copaiba (CVC – copaiba vaginal cream) oleoresin in buffered solutions at different pHs was evaluated in the present study. The dissolution test revealed that trans-caryophyllene (TC) was constantly released until the final test time. The maximum peaks were found at a concentration of 478.79 nL/mL for the buffer at pH 5 and at a concentration of 475.99 nL/mL for the buffer at pH 6, with a percentage release of 50.52% and 50.21%, respectively. Likewise, the caryophyllene oxide (CO) was released into the buffers at pHs 5 and 6, with maximum release peaks at 60 minutes at a percentage of 31.8% and 33.5% corresponding to concentrations of 2.779 and 2.925 μg/mL, respectively. The release and dissolution profiles of the sesquiterpene compounds indicated that a pH of 5-6 in the dissolution media is adequate for release of these markers of antimicrobial activity in Copaifera duckei Dwyer. Therefore, these conditions possibly favor the therapeutic action of CVC.

Antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from the seeds of Vatairea guianensis (Aublet) / Actividad antimicrobiana de extractos obtenidos de las semillas de Vatairea guianensis (Aublet)

Medicinal plants are widely and culturally used in an empiric way to treat several diseases in the Amazon. Here, Vatairea guianensis, which is used in traditional medicine to treat skin infections, such as cutaneous mycoses, was studied. The present work evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of hydroethanolic, hexanic, chloroformic, and methanolic extracts, obtained from the seeds of V. guianensis by the broth microdilution method, to measure their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp.) bacteria. All extracts showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs ranging from 3.12 ug/mL to 50 ug/mL and MBCs ranging from 6.25 ug/mL to 100 ug/mL. Finally, these results on antimicrobial activity might contribute to the study of V. guianensis and increase the medical interest in this genus, which is still poorly studied.

Las plantas medicinales son ampliamente utilizados y culturalmente de forma empírica para tratar varias enfermedades en la Amazonía. Aquí, fue estudiado Vatairea guianensis, que se utiliza en la medicina tradicional para tratar infecciones de la piel, como las micosis cutáneas. El presente trabajo se evaluó la actividad in vitro antibacteriana de los extractos hidroetanólico, hexánico, clorofórmico y metanólico, obtenido de las semillas de V. guianensis por el método de microdilución en caldo, para medir su concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) contra las bacterias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus faecalis) y Gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Salmonella sp.). Todos los extractos mostraron actividad antimicrobiana frente a bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas, con los CIM que van desde 3,12 ug / ml a 50 ug / mL y CMB que van de 6,25 ug / ml a 100 ug / ml. Por último, estos resultados sobre la actividad antimicrobiana podrían contribuir al estudio de V. guianensis y aumentar el interés médico en este género, que todavía está poco estudiada.

Topical anti-inflammatory action of Caryocar villosum oil (Aubl) Pers.

The piquia (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.) has drawn the attention of the scientific community for its potential as an oilseed crop species. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the topical anti-inflammatory activity of fixed oil from Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. – OCV. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, the following assays were used in rats: a) granuloma assay (cotton-pellet), b) carrageenan-induced paw edema and c) vascular permeability assay. Gas chromatography analysis from the OCV, transesterified with a BF3-methanol sample, showed the following fatty acid esters to be major compounds of this species: methyl hexadecanoate (32%), methyl octadecanoate (29%) and methyl (E)-octadecanoate (29%). The ED50 calculated from the granuloma assay was 531 mg/kg. In the granuloma assay, rat model of carrageenan-induced paw edema and vascular permeability of histamine test, groups treated with a topical dose of 531 mg/kg OCV showed significant differences (p < 0.05, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a multiple comparison Student-Newman-Keuls test) when compared to the control groups treated with distilled water. Thus, a 531 mg/kg dose of OCV elicited a topical anti-inflammatory effect in rats, and the fatty acid esters identified in the fixed oil from Caryocar villosum participate in the detected topical anti-inflammatory activity because compounds with this characteristic are capable of modulating acute and chronic inflammatory responses.

Study of high dilutions of copaiba oil on inflammatory process / Estudo de altas diluições homeopáticas do óleo de copaíba

The discovery of new drugs has led to a need to develop techniques to control the occurrence of toxic and collateral effects. This has enabled the advancement of homeopathic therapeutics as it presents major advantages against these effects. This study was designed to explore the effects of high dilutions of Copaifera (copaiba oil) on inflammation. This study considered the way the high dilutions were obtained (triturated form or mother-tincture-MT). The preparations were administered orally. The effects of the dilutions were tested using the rat paw edema induced by carrageenan; granuloumatous tissue induction and the edema induced by Croton oil. The high dilutions of copaiba oil obtained from both trituration and MT produced a statistically significant inhibitory effect of the carrageenan edematogenic process compared to control. The maximum effect was observed with dilution 30cH, with inhibition of edema by 73%, whereas indomethacin was 55%. Subcutaneous implantation of cotton pellets have induced a granulomatous tissue, evaluated 7 days after implantation. Daily treatment with dexamethasone produced 53% inhibition on the formation of granulomatous tissue. The 6cH dilution of copaiba oil inhibited in a statistically significant way the formation of granulomatous tissue compared to the control (18% and 16%, respectively). Edema in Croton-oil induced dermatitis was intense. Groups treated with dexamethasone and dilutions of copaiba oil presented similar responses, with inhibition by 57% and 48% respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, it may be suggest that the Copaiba oil high dilutions possess an anti-inflammatory property supporting its use in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

A descoberta de novas drogas tem gerado a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para controle da ocorrência de efeitos tóxicos e colaterais. Isto tem favorecido o uso da terapêutica homeopática uma vez que esta apresenta vantagens contra alguns efeitos adversos. Este trabalho foi proposto visando explorar os efeitos de Altas Diluições de Copaifera (óleo de copaíba) sobre inflamação. Foi considerada a maneira como as altas diluições foram obtidas (via trituração ou via tintura-mãe). As preparações foram administradas oralmente. Os efeitos das diluições foram avaliados usando um modelo de edema em pata de ratos, induzido por carragenina, indução de tecido granulomatoso e edema induzido pelo óleo de Croton. As altas diluições de óleo de Copaíba obtidas a partir de trituração e de tintura-mãe produziram efeitos inibitórios estatisticamente significativos para o processo endematogênico, quando comparado com o controle. O efeito máximo foi obtido com a diluição 30cH, com uma inibição de 73% do edema, enquanto a indometacina inibiu 55%. O implante subcutâneo de pellets de algodão induziram a granulomatose do tecido, avaliados 7 dias após o implante. Tratamento diário com dexametasona produziu 53% de inibição da formação de tecido granulomatoso. A diluição 6cH do óleo de copaíba inibiu de forma significativa a formação de tecido granulomatoso, comparado com o controle (18% e 16% respectivamente). Edema em dermatite induzida por óleo de Croton foi intensa. Grupos tratados com dexametasona e diluições de óleo de copaíba apresentaram respostas similares, com inibição de 57% e 48% respectivamente. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que altas diluições do óleo de copaíba apresentam efeitos anti-inflamatórios, sugerindo seu uso no tratamento de desordens inflamatórias.

Anxiolytic effect of the homeopathic complex Tepeex® / Efeito ansiolítico do complexo homeopático Tepeex®

Aims: Homeopathic complex Tepeex® is a compound of Actaea racemosa 4cH, Natrum muriaticum 2cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 3cH, Chamomilla 3cH and Sepia succus5cH. This study evaluated the effect of Tepeex® in pre-clinical models of depression and anxiety. Methods: the following tests were performed: elevated plus maze test (EPM); forced swimming test (FST); open field test (OFT) and Rotarod test (RRT). Results: In EPM, animals treated with Tepeex® on days 20 and 30 stayed longer in the open arms of the maze than the control group (p < 0.05, Dunnett test). In FST, treatment with Tepeex® did not increase swimming time compared to the control group in any phase of treatment. In OFT, crossing increased significantly with treatment with amfepramone, and also with 30-day treatment with Tepeex® (p < 0.05, Dunnette test). In RRT, treatment with amfepramone significantly reduced latency time. 30-day treatment with Tepeex® did not affect motor coordination when compared to the control group. Conclusion: results suggest that homeopathic complex Tepeex® has anxiolytic properties without affecting motor coordination.

Objetivos: o complexo homeopático Tepeex ® é composto de Actaea racemosa 4cH, Natrum muriaticum 2cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 3cH, Chamomilla 3cH e Sepia succus 5cH. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de Tepeex ® em modelos pré-clínicos de depressão e ansiedade. Métodos: foram realizados os testes de labirinto em cruz elevado (EPM); nado forçado (FST); campo aberto (OFT) e Rotarod (RRT). Resultados: no EPM, os animais tratados com Tepeex ® nos dias 20º e 30º permaneceram mais tempo nos braços abertos do labirinto que o grupo controle (p<0,05 teste de Dunnett). No FST, o tratamento com Tepeex ® não aumentou o tempo de nado por comparação com o grupo controle em nenhuma fase do tratamento. No OFT, os cruzamentos aumentaram de modo significativo no grupo tratado com amfepramona assim como no tratado 30 dias com Tepeex ® (p<0,05 teste de Dunnett). No RRT, o tratamento com amfepramona reduziu significativamente o tempo de latência. O tratamento de 20 dias com Tepeex ® não afetou a coordenação motora. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem que o complexo homeopático Tepeex ® tem propriedades ansiolíticas sem afetar a coordenação motora.

Avaliação da toxicidade do extrato aquoso de Caesalpinia ferrea em órgãos vitais, no sistema reprodutor e na produção de espermatozóides de ratos Wistar submetidos a tratamento subagudo / Evaluation of short-term exposure to Caesalpinia ferrea on male W rats’ vital organs, reproductive system and sperm production

Este estudo avaliou o efeito da administração de Caesalpinia ferrea em órgãos vitais, no sistema reprodutor e na produção de espermatozóides de ratos Wistar, submetidos a tratamento subagudo. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar adultos (90 dias), divididos em grupos controle (n=15) e tratado (n=15). Cada animal do grupo tratado recebeu, via intragástrica e uma vez ao dia, 1 mL do extrato aquoso de C. ferrea, na dose de 300 mg/kg de peso corporal durante cinco dias. Os animais do grupo controle receberam 1 mL de água destilada. Os animais foram sacrificados no 190 dia. Procedeu-se análise da concentração de espermatozóides obtida da secreção da cauda do epidídimo direito. Após laparotomia, foram removidos e pesados os seguintes órgãos: testículos, epidídimo esquerdo, próstata, vesícula seminal, rins, fígado, pulmão, cérebro e hipófise. Os resultados indicam que houve perda significativa de peso da vesícula seminal dos animais tratados e nenhuma perda significativa de peso corporal e demais órgãos. Também não houve diferença significativa na concentração de espermatozóides entre os grupos. Em uma análise preliminar, a administração de C. ferrea a ratos submetidos a tratamento de curta duração reduziu o peso da vesícula seminal, sendo esses dados sugestivos de um possível efeito tóxico dessa planta no sistema reprodutor.

No clastogenic activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) extract on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats

Extracts of the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) are widely consumed in folkloric medicine in Brazil and several other countries without any genetic toxicity evaluation. In this study we investigated, the clastogenic and cytotoxic potential of the crude aqueous extract of the fruits of C. ferrea in Wistar rat bone marrow cells using the micronucleus and chromosomal aberration test systems. The animals were treated by gavage with 3 concentrations of the extract, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg. Bone marrow cells were collected 24 h after the treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), mean number of chromosomal aberrations or mitotic index (MI) for the 3 concentrations compared with negative control suggesting that the crude aqueous extract from the fruits of the C. ferrea has no clastogenic and cytotoxic effect in Wistar rat bone marrow cells.

In vivo evaluation of the mutagenic potential and phytochemical characterization of oleoresin from Copaifera duckei Dwyer

We characterized the chemical constituents of Copaifera duckei oleoresin and used dermal application to Wistar rats to evaluated its possible mutagenic and cytotoxic activities on peripheral blood reticulocytes and bone marrow cells. Chemical characterization of the oleoresin revealed the presence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, an unidentified neutral diterpene and diterpene acids. To evaluate mutagenicity evaluation the rats were treated with 10, 25 and 50% of the LD50 dose of the oleoresin for three consecutive days and peripheral blood collected after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h for micronucleus analysis. The rats were humanly sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment and chromosome preparations made using standard techniques. At the three concentrations and the three time intervals tested we found that there were no statistically significant differences in either the mean number of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) or the number of chromosomal aberrations as to the negative control. However, at 25 and 50% of the LD50 dose of the oleoresin there was a significant decrease in the mitotic index (MI) as compared to the negative control. Under our experimental conditions, C. duckei V11 oleoresin produced no mutagenic effects on bone marrow cells or in peripheral reticulocytes as assessed by chromosome aberrations and the micronucleus test respectively, but showed cytotoxic activity at high doses

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the Hypericum brasiliense (Guttiferae) extract in mammalian cell system in vivo

Plants of the genus Hypericum, long used in folk medicine, contain active compounds which present, anti-septic, diuretic, digestive, expectorant, vermifugal, anti-depressive and other properties. The possible clastogenic effect of a H. brasiliense extract was tested in vivo on the bone marrow cells of Wistar rats. The extract was administered by gavage at doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Experimental and control animals were submitted to euthanasia 24 h after the treatment for micronucleus (MN) and chromosome preparations. H. brasiliense extract did not induce statistically significant increases in the average numbers of MN or chromosome aberrations in the test systems employed.

Estudos das atividades antiinflamatória, analgésica e ulcerogênica do meloxican, em animais submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica / Study of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activities of meloxican, in animals submitted to hyperlipidic diet

Estudaram-se as atividades antiinflamatória e analgésica de meloxican, inibidor específico de COX2 em animais (ratos e camundongos) submetidos a ingestão de dieta hiperlipídica. A administração da dieta hiperlipídica em diferentes tempos, e posterior tratamento com o meloxican (10mg/Kg, i.p), levou a um resultado tempo-dependente, quanto à inibição do processo inflamatório no teste de edema de pata por carregenina, tendo apresentado maior inibição o grupo que recebeu o tratamento com a dieta por 7 dias. No ensaio de permeabilidade vascular foi detectada também resposta tempo-dependente (com o tratamento com a dieta hiperlipídica), quanto à inibição do extravasamento do corante azul de Evans. No teste do granuloma, a administração diária de 10mg/Kg (i.p) de meloxican mais dieta hiperlipídica (1g/Kg, durante 6 dias) iniiu a formação do tecido granulomatoso em 38,99 por cento, enquanto no grupo tratado somente com meloxican a inibição foi de 29,99 por cento, e no que foi tratado apenas com a dieta (1g/Kg) não houve inibição de forma significativa na formação do tecido granulomatoso...

Antiulcer activity of the ethanol extract of Sesbania grandiflora

The ethanolic extract of the bark of S. grandiflora prevented acute gastric injury in rats. Stress and nonstereoidal antiinflammatory drugs-induced lesions were significantly prevented by the extract. At a dosis of 36.75 mg/kg (ED50, p.o.) the extract did not modify the volume, pH and hydrochloric acid contents of gastric secretion. At the doses used the animals had no depressive, excitatory or sleepness symptoms, suggesting that problably centrally acting components involved in antiulcer action are not found in the extract. The results suggest that S. grandiflora has antiulcer potential...

Estudo da açäo antiinflamatória e potência ulcerogênica de compostos mesoiônicos, 1,4-difeniltiossemicarbazida e derivados / Study of the antiinflammatory action and ulcerogenic potency of mesoionics, 1,4-diphenylthiosemicarbazide compounds and derivatives

Os compostos 1,4-difeniltiossemicarbazida (DTSC), derivados (`IR IND. 1ï; `IR IND. 2ï e `IR IND. 3ï) e mesoiônicos (`MIR IND. 1ï, `RMIR IND. 1ï e `RMIR IND. 3ï) foram avaliados quanto à atividade antiinflamatória. os compostos DTSC, `IR IND. 1ï, `IR IND. 2ï, e `RMIR IND. 1ï inibiram significativamente o pico máximo do edema induzido por carragenina em 82 por cento, 72 por cento, 34 por cento e 78 por cento, respectivamente. Porém, somente os derivados mesoiônicos inibiram o edema induzido por dextrano. Já no edema desencadeado por histamina, somente o composto IR, não foi capaz de antagonizar de maneira significativa a ação da histamina...

Validaçäo química-farmacológica da espécie vegetal Pterodon emarginatus Vog. (Atividade antiinflamatória) / Pharmacological chemical validation of the Pterodon emarginatus Vog. vegetable species (antiinflammatory activity)

A sucupira branca ou faveira, denominaçöes vulgares da espécie Pterodon emarginatus Vog. (Leguminosae) é utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento do reumatismo, dor-de-garganta, problemas de coluna e até mesmo como depurativo e fortificante, como aponta o estudo etnobotânico realizado em trinta cidades do interior de Minas Gerais. A partir destas observaçöes, frutos de Pterodon emarginatus foram coletados na regiäo da cidade de Baurú (Säo Paulo), e exsicata deste, foi identificada e depositada no Instituto de Botânica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas a qual recebeu o número UEC-14.995. Os frutos (5 Kg) foram estabilizados e submetidos ao processo extrativo, por turbólise, utilizando como líquido extrator hexano...

Bioterápico: estudo preliminar da resposta imune celular em camundongos portadores do tumor ascítico de Ehrlich / Bioterapic: preliminary study of the cellular immune respounse in mice with ascitic tumour of Ehrlich

Dispusemo-nos a estudar o envolvimento da resposta imune celular durante o processo de crescimento do tumor ascítico de Ehrlich (Klein e Revésa, 1953) em camundongos tratados com bioterápico. Tres grupos de animais foram testados. Os resultados obtidos nos mostraram claramente que durante o tratamento dos animais com bioterápico ocorre um aumento do número de células linfóides na cavidade peritoneal dos animais

Aspectos da homeopatia entre estudantes e militares no municipio de Tres Coracoes - MG / Evaluation of the acceptance of homeopathy among students and military personnel in the city of Tres Coracoes - MG - Brazil

Atraves de pesquisa de campo, foi feita uma avaliacao referente ao uso e aceitacao da terapeutica homeopatica na cidade de Tres Coracoes - MG (Brasil). Foi observado que tanto o conhecimento como o uso da Homeopatia esta reservado apenas as classes de escolaridade superior; apesar disso, todas as classes se mostram favoraveis a inclusao da homeopatia no sistema de saude publica dessa cidade