Study on Cardiac and Skeletal Toxicity of Retinoic Acid to Danio rerio at the Early Life Stage / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the cardiac and skeletal toxicity of retinoic acid (RA) in Danio rerio at early life stage. METHODS:Danio rerio embryos of 24 hours post fertilization(hpf)were used as toxicity model and were exposed under medium with various concentrations of RA(0.1,1,10,25,100 μmol/L). The morphology of embryos and larvae hearts were observed 24,48 h after exposed. LC50 was calculated. Danio rerio larvae of 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were used as skeletal deformity model and were exposed with a series of RA at various concentration(0.1,1,10,25,50μmol/L). They were sacrificed 5 d later, and then Danio rerio skeleton were fixed for staining with alizarin red. The microscopic was used to observe the difference of stained skeleton area. RESULTS:RA caused significant adverse effects on hatching capabilities of Danio rerio embryos,and the ob-vious malformation features were produced during the culture process. 1-100 μmol/L RA could cause heart malformation in Danio rerio embryos and larvae,and the main heart malformation characteristics included heart linearization,pericardial edema,yolksa-cedema,hemocytes accumulation incardiac region. 100 μmol/L RA could inhibit the hatching capabilities of Danio rerio embryos, and caused lethal effects on embryos and larvae. The LC50 were 36.44,23.69 μmol/L after exposed for 24,48 h. 0.1-50 μmol/L RA induced vertebral column sclerotization of Danio rerio embryos and larvae in advance,which was positively associated with the con-centration of RA. CONCLUSIONS:RA can cause cardiac and skeletal toxicity in Danio rerio embryo and larvae,which is positive-ly associated with the concentration of RA.

Analysis on correlation between thyroid autoantibodies with recurrent abortion / 重庆医学

Objective To study the correlation between thyroid autoantibodies anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) with recurrent miscarriage to seek the objective data indicator for clinical diagnosis of recurrent miscarriage .Methods A total of 1 016 pregnant women of physical examination and normal thyroid function in the obstetric and gynecologic clinic of our hospital from March 2012 to May 2014 were selected as the research subjects .Among them ,90 cases of abortion were screened out and di‐vided into the primary abortion group(60 cases) and the recurrent abortion group(30 cases) .90 healthy childbearing age women of physical examination were selected as the control group .The positive TPOAb cases were performed statistics and compared among various groups ,the ratio was calculated;the TPOAb level was recorded in each group .At the same time the correlation between TPOAb with recurrent abortion was analyzed .Results The TPOAb positive rate in the recurrent abortion group was 46 .67% , which was significantly higher than 25 .00% in the primary abortion group and 4 .44% in the control group;at the same time the TPOAb positive rate of primary abortion group was also significantly higher than that of the control group ,the difference had sta‐tistical significance (P<0 .05) .The TPOAb concentration level in the recurrent abortion group was significantly higher than that in the primary abortion group and the control group;the TPOAb concentration level in the primary abortion group was also signifi‐cantly higher than that in the control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .In the follow‐up of adverse pregnancy occurrence with recurrent abortion as the adverse pregnancy event ,and according to the method of Spearman correlation analysis ,with the increase of TPOAb level ,the occurrence rate of recurrent miscarriage was higher ,which showed the positive cor‐relation(r=0 .764 ,P=0 .000) .Conclusion Monitoring the patient′s TPOAb level can better show the symptoms of recurrent abor‐tion .

Preventive Effect of Jie-Gu-Tang on Osteoporosis Model Using Zebrafish Induced by Prednisolone / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Prednisolone-induced zebrafish osteoporosis model was used to explore the bone-strengthening effect of Jie-Gu-Tang (JGT). Zebrafish larvae of 5 days post fertilization (d.p.f.) were co-exposed with 25 μmol·L-1 pred-nisolone and a series of JGT solutions with a range of concentrations (0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25 and 100 mg crude herb per liter). The 25 μmol·L-1 prednisolone was selected as the model group. Etidronate disodium (15 and 30 mg·mL-1) with 25 μmol·L-1 prednisolone was used as the positive group. And 0.5% DMSO was used as the vehicle control group. All groups were incubated in 24-well plates (28.5℃) until 10 d.p.f. Zebrafish skeleton at 10 d.p.f. was anes-thetized and fixed for staining with alizarin red. Quantitative analysis of the stained area was performed by microscop-ic inspection and digital imaging methods to reflect the amount of zebrafish head skeleton mineralization. The results showed that prednisolone group at 25 μmol·L-1 concentration can obviously decrease the staining area and the stain-ing optical density values when compared with the vehicle control group (0.5% DMSO). Compared with the model group, both etidronate disodium (15 and 30 mg·mL-1) and JGT (2.5, 25 and 100 mg crude herb per liter) can in-crease the mineralized matrix and integrated optical density (IOD) of zebrafish head skeleton significantly with dose-effect relationship. It was concluded that zebrafish osteoporosis model was successfully used in the evaluation on bone loss prevention and bone formation promotion of JGT, which provided basis for the reliability and reasonability of zebrafish model.

Parametric features of image textures in 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation of lung nodules / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To evaluate the parametric features of image textures on 18F-FDG PET/CT for the differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules and compare the diagnostic performance of these parameters with SUVmax.Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 170 patients (102 males,68 females,age range:29-81 (mean 59)years) with pulmonary nodules were retrospectively evaluated.Eightynine pulmonary nodules (230 slices) were malignant and 81 (193 slices) were benign.The pulmonary nodules were contoured on CT images and mapped to the co-registered PET images.Thirteen parameters of textural features were extracted and SUVmax was measured.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant texture parameters and create a regression model.The efficacy of the textural features and SUVmax to distinguish between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules was evaluated by ROC curve analysis.The textural features of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were compared via the Mann-Whitney u test.The sensitivity and specificity of the textural features and SUVmax for the differential diagnosis were compared with x2 test.Results Logistic regression model identified 4 textural features (skewness (β =1.7058),kurtosis (β =-1.0989),angular second moment (ASM,3 =-4.4140) and strength (β =0.5626) ; all P ＜ 0.05) to have significant correlation with the malignancy of lung nodules.The AUC of ROC curve was 0.775 (95％ CI0.732-0.819; P＜0.001) with the sensitivity of 89.6％ (206/230) and specificity of 50.8％ (98/193).ASM and strength had statistically significant differences between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma [ASM:0.0303 (95％ CI 0.0392-0.0724) vs 0.0594 (95％ CI 0.0721-0.0947) ; strength:2.4714 (95％ CI 2.4632-4.1050) vs 1.5945 (95％ CI 1.9003-2.4652) ; u =3082.0 and 3115.0,both P＜0.01].The AUC of SUVmax-based diagnosis was 0.757 (95％ CI 0.711-0.802 ; P ＜ 0.001) with the sensitivity of 80.9 ％ (186/230) and specificity of 50.3 ％ (97/193) at a cut-off value of 2.5.The sensitivity of the textural features was superior to SUVmax in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules (x2 =6.903,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Image textural parametric features extracted from 18 F-FDG PET/CT are more sensitive to differentiate between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules compared to SUVmax.They might also be useful to discriminate between different pathological types of lung cancers.

Establishment of zebrafish osteopenia model induced by dexamethasone / 药学学报

Zebrafish was selected as model animal, and glucocorticoid dexamethasone was used as a model compound to establish a rapid and high efficient osteopenia model. Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to a serial concentrations of dexamethasone solutions, and 0.5% DMSO was selected as the vehicle control group. All groups were incubated in 24-well plates (28.5 degrees C) until 9 dpf. In addition, effects of 10 micromol x L(-1) dexamethasone on preventing against osteopenia induced by etidronate disodium were also investigated. Zebrafish bones at 9 dpf were stained with alizarin red. Quantitative analysis of the stained area was performed by microscopic inspection and digital imaging methods to reflect the amount of bone mineralization. Results showed that dexamethasone group at 2.5, 10 and 25 micromol x L(-1) can decrease the staining area and the staining optical density values of zebrafish head bones when compared with the vehicle control group (0.5% DMSO), which suggested that dexamethasone can significantly reduce the zebrafish mineralized bone and the bone mineral density. Results also showed that 15 and 30 microg x mL(-1) etidronate disodium can increase the mineralized matrix of zebrafish head bone and prevent against osteopenia induced by dexamethasone. In conclusion, the study indicated that zebrafish can be an idea osteopenia model induced by dexamethasone.

Metabolism study of asperosaponin VI by using zebrafish / 药学学报

Model organism zebrafish was used to study metabolism of asperosaponin VI from Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry for the first time. Metabolic components of asperosaponin VI after exposing to zebrafish for 24 h were identified by high performance liquid chromatography--electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), the separation was performed with a Zorbax C18 column using a binary gradient elution of 0.05% formic acetonitrile--0.05% formic acid water. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds in both negative and positive mode were observed for molecule mass information, and the potential structures were identified by attentive study on the deglycosylation metabolites and one hydroxylation metabolite of asperosaponin VI. The results were highly in consistent with metabolism of asperosaponin VI in rat. It can be concluded that zebrafish model can wonderfully imitate current metabolic model with advantages of small amount of lower cost, far less amount compound, higher efficiency and more simple, and can reflect integrated metabolism results of in vivo method. Zebrafish metabolic model may become a novel organism model for quick predication on metabolism of even mircoamount compound, which can enrich the available models greatly.

Effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) from Yunnan white kidney bean on development of mouse embryos / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of different concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on mouse embryo development.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In experiment 1, crude and purified PHA extracted from Yunnan white kidney bean with different concentration were added into M16 culture medium, the final concentration of PHA were: 50, 100, 200, 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 5 000 mg x L(-1) respectively. 2-cell stage embryos were collected and cultured in PHA containing or control medium for 72-96 h and their development were recorded. In experiment 2, different stage of embryos from 1-cell to blastocyst were treated by different concentrations of PHA same as experiment 1 and 10 000 mg x L(-1) in culture medium for 24 h before washing and cultured in M16 + PVA without PHA to blastocyst or hatching blastocyst stage.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Low concentrations PHA at 50-100 mg x L(-1) promoted embryo development and increased the number of blastocyst stage embryos. In contrast, high concentrations of PHA (> 1 000 mg x L(-1)) blocked the embryos development from 1-cell to blastocyst stage and showed apoptosis morphology or death.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Depending on the concentrations, PHA from white kidney bean shown promotion or inhibition on mouse embryo development. 1-cell stage embryo shown more sensitive to PHA treatment than that of later stage embryos. Pretreatment 24 h in PHA containing medium can influence the further development of embryos. Low concentrations of PHA is benefit to embryo development, but high concentrations of PHA (> 1 000 mg x L(-1)) will block of the development of embryos.</p>

The study of cucurbitacin BE polylactic acid nanoparticles delivering cucurbitacin BE to metastasized cervical lymph nodes in mice with oral cancer / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to investigate the delivery of Cucurbitacin BE to cervical lymph nodes by peri-cancer submucosal injection of the average diameter 85 nm Cucurbitacin BE polylactic acid nanoparticles (CuBE-PLA-NP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cervical lymph node metastasis model of mice oral cancer was established and CuBE-PLA-NP and CuBE were injected in peri-cancer submucosal of the mice respectively, the concentration in blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and cervical lymph node were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at fifteen time points, Targeted cervical lymph nodes were evaluated by targeting index, selectivity index, targeting efficiency, relative targeting efficiency and ratio of maximum concentration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The CuBE concentration in the cervical lymph nodes after CuBE-PLA-NP injection was far higher than that after CuBE injection at every time point, the CuBE duration in the cervical lymph nodes in CuBE-PLA-NP group was far longer than that in CuBE group; (2) The five targeted values of the cervical lymph nodes in CuBE-PLA-NP group was far higher than that in CuBE group; (3) The CuBE concentration in blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney in CuBE-PLA-NP group was far lower than that in CuBE group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CuBE-PLA-NP can specifically deliver CuBE to the cervical lymph nodes by peri-cancer submucosal injection, increase CuBE concentration and duration in metastasized cervical lymph nodes, and decrease drug concentration of other organs.</p>

Clinical application of anticancer nanoparticles targeting metastasis foci of cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to investigate the target delivery of Cucurbitacin BE (CuBE) to cervical lymph nodes by peri-oral-cancer submucosal injection of the average diameter 85 nm Cucurbitacin BE poly-lactic acid nanoparticles (CuBE-PLA-NP) and evaluate its clinical therapy efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CuBE and CuBE-PLA-NP were respectively injected into peri-oral-cancer submucosa at 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 192 hours before operation in 26 patients with oral cancer. The concentrations of CuBE in cervical lymph nodes and blood were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at every time point. Cancer cell degeneration and necrosis in metastasis foci of cervical lymph nodes were observed using light microscope and electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The CuBE concentrations in cervical lymph nodes after CuBE-PLA-NP injection were far higher than those after CuBE injection at every time point, the duration of CuBE existing in the cervical lymph nodes in CuBE-PLA-NP group was far longer than those in CuBE group, the area under the CuBE concentrations-time curve of the cervical lymph nodes in CuBE-PLA-NP group was 43.67 times as many as that in CuBE group; (2) The CuBE ratio of maximum concentrations in the cervical lymph nodes in CuBE-PLA-NP group was 106.46 times as high as that in CuBE group; (3) The CuBE concentrations in the blood in CuBE-PLA-NP group was far lower than that in CuBE group; (4) Cancer cell necrosis and degeneration in the metastasis foci of cervical lymph nodes were found in CuBE-PLA-NP group, necrosis and degeneration were not found in CuBE group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The peri-oral-cancer submucosa injection of the average diameter of 85 nm CuBE-PLA-NP can specifically delivery CuBE to the cervical lymph nodes, enhance treatment efficiency, and reduce general toxicity.</p>

The pathologic basis of partial parotidectomy in parotid pleomorphic adenoma treatment / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to offer pathological reasons for partial parotidectomy adopted in parotid pleomorphic adenoma treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Continuous slices from 25 cases of primary parotid pleomorphic adenoma were carefully examined and the extra-envelope infiltration, the budding and the primary multi-center were measured and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The range of extra-envelope infiltration and budding was limited in 0.09-0.285 mm out of tumor capsules, which was far less than the safe boundary(1 cm) of the partial parotidectomy. Two cases with multi-centers were found, but all the centers were aggregated together and encapsulated in a united envelope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Partial parotid parotidectomy is a safe method and can remove the tumor completely in parotid plemorphic adenoma treatment.</p>

Study on drug release after arterial embolism with cisplain-loaded albumin microspheres in treating carcinoma of tongue / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the cisplatin release in peripheral blood and tumor tissue after cisplatin-loaded albumin microspheres (CDDP-AMS) were infused through lingual artery for treating carcinoma of tongue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anticancer agent cisplatin was encapsulated with biodegradable and non-antigenic albumin. The cisplatin-loaded albumin microspheres, which were 56.3 microns in diameter, were used for treating 7 patients with squamous carcinoma of tongue by infusing through lingual artery. The cisplatin in peripheral venous blood and carcinoma tissue were measured for analyzing the drug release in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Concentration of the drug in peripheral venous blood increased to the highest level in 90 minutes after CDDP-AMS was infused through lingual arterial and still could be detected until 10th day. The cisplatin concentration in tumor tissue kept considerably stable and could be detected until 17 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CDDP-AMS had the effect of controlled release in vive. Effective and steady local drug concentration played the role of killing tumor cells, the low concentration in peripheral blood reduced the side effects of cisplatin to minimum as well. It is concluded that CDDP-AMS is a useful and recommendable method for treating the carcinoma of tongue.</p>

Oral microflora of 42 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of squamous cell carcinoma on oral bacteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study investigated the microbial contents of the plaque on the surfaces of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Samples were obtained from the central surface of lesions, contiguous healthy mucosa and saliva of 42 patients with oral squamous carcinoma before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median of bacterial colony forming units per milliliter (CFUs/ml) of saliva before operation was 8.10 x 10(8) CFUs/ml. The median of CFUs per square centimeter of the tumor surface was 5.21 x 10(5) CFUs/cm2 which was significantly higher than that of the healthy (the control) mucosa (1.77 x 10(4) CFUs/cm2, P = 0.0001). The CFUs per square centimeter of mucosa surface at the operative zone was 4.34 x 10(5) CFUs/cm2 which was also significantly higher than that of the healthy (control) mucosa(7.24 x 10(4) CFUs/cm2, P = 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oral carcinoma can break the balance of oral microflora, which may be one of the reasons leading to the high susceptivity of these compromised patients to systemic infection.</p>

A study of effects of pingyangmycin injection on treatment of lymphangiomas in oral, maxillofacial and cervical regions / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the indication and therapeutic effects of Pingyangmycin injection as a primary therapy of lymphangiomas in oral, maxillofacial and cervical region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 195 patients (106 males and 89 females) with lymphangiomas in oral and maxillofacial regions were treated in the affiliated dental hospital of Sichuan University from May 1990 to December 2000. The patients' ages ranged from 0.5 to 46 years. The tongue was the most commonly involved site, followed by the cheek and the neck. The 200 lymphangiomas (5 patients had 2 lymphangiomas in different sites) underwent the therapy of Pingyangmycin, which was injected as with 1 mg/ml in saline. The total dose of Pingyangmycin ranged from 5 mg to 70 mg and 5 to 58 times, 1 time per 2-4 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The curative rate of cystic-type lymphangiomas was the highest. Of the 51 cystic lymphangiomas, 110 capillary lymphangiomas, 18 cavernous lymphangiomas and 21 combinations of capillary and cavenous lymphangiomas, the curative rates were respectively 100% (51), 46.36% (51), 16.16% (3) and 19.05% (4), which showed a significant therapeutic effect, respectively. And 40(78.43%), 19(17.27%), 2(11.11%) and 0(0%) of them completely disappeared. There was no serious side effect with Pingyangmycin-injection treatment, such as pulmonary fibrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of injection of Pingyangmycin is a selective primary method of lymphangiomas, which can reduce the size of lymphangiomas, and make them completely disappeared.</p>

Experimental study on inducing apoptosis of tumour cells by protamine inhibiting angiogenesis / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:To study the therapeutic mechanism through inducing apoptosis of tumour by protamine inhibiting angiogenesis . Methods:The vascular density and apoptotic index(AI)in the tumour were investigated by immunohistological and Tunel(terminal deoxynucletidy1 transferase-mediated dU TP nick end-labelling) methods in animal tumour model with experimental treatment. Results:The vascular density of tumour was much lower in controls. Apoptosis appeard in the treated group and AI is (7.67?1.70)%. Conclusions:Protamine could reduce the vascular density of tumour very much and induce the apoptosis of tumour cells. The therapeutic effects were achieved by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis of tumour.

Application of carboplatin-activiated carbon particle delivery system in the treatment of oral carcinoma and its cervical metastasis / 实用口腔医学杂志

?Objective: To estimate the effect of carboplatin activiated carbon particle delivery system (CP CH) in the treatment of oral carcinoma and its cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods: CP CH was prepared by absorption of carboplatin with activated carbon particles and injected into the submucosa around the tumors 72 h before operation in 6 patients with tongue or buccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and metastasis in cervical lymph nodes,then extensive tumorectomy with neck dissection was conducted. The specimens of lymph nodes,primary carcinoma and blood were analyzed by microscope and plasma emitting spectrometry. Results:60 out of 70 (83.33%) lymph nodes obtained from the CP CH treated cases were found to be stained black by carboplatin.The carboplatin concentrations in lymph nodes and blood were (23.36 ?2.58) ?g/g and (1.76?0.32) ?g/ml respectively.Necrosis and degeneration were observed in SCC tissue.Conclusion:CH CP may be effective in the treatment of oral SCC with cervical lymph metastasis by providing high concertration and long lasting carboplatin in the lessions.

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue with N_0 / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the effects of treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue with N 0. Methods: 145 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue with N 0 were retrospectively reviewed.22 cases underwent resection of primary tumor without elective neck dissection (END) (control group).123 cases underwent resection of primary tumor with END (END group).Follow-up was carried out for more than 3 years or till the death of patients.Results:Lymph node metastases was indentified in 33 patients in END group after operation and in 4 in control gruop during follow-up.The total occult lymph node metastases was found in 25.52% of the patients.4 (18.18%) died from neck or lung metastasis in control group and 7 (5.69%) in END group (P