Marriage intention among HIV-infected men who have sex with men / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the marriage intention and its influencing factors among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide the reference for formulating high-risk behavior intervention strategies and reducing the risk of HIV transmission among this population.@*Methods@#Unmarried HIV-infected MSM were sampled from newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2022. Participants' sociodemographic information, family status and marriage intention were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting marriage intention were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 430 questionnaires were allocated and 400 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.02%. The respondents had a mean age of (28.90±4.67) years, and included 271 cases with registered residence outside Hangzhou City (67.75%). There were 82 cases indicating that they would probably or definitely get married, accounting for 20.50%, including 46 cases (56.10%) aged 30 years and older, 67 cases (81.71%) engaged in commercial services/freelance work/worker and 53 cases (64.63%) being the only children. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried HIV-infected MSM who were aged 30 years and older (OR=2.751, 95%CI: 1.230-6.154), had a monthly income of <10 000 Yuan (5 000 to <10 000 Yuan, OR=7.010, 95%CI: 2.049-23.981; <5 000 Yuan, OR=5.229, 95%CI: 1.803-15.165), had a high school education and below (OR=5.935, 95%CI: 1.775-19.844), were the only children (OR=3.407, 95%CI: 1.468-7.910), came from families with economic conditions above the average level (OR=8.906, 95%CI: 2.070-38.308), did not disclose their sexual orientation (OR=3.298, 95%CI: 1.118-9.727), held a positive attitude towards government policies (OR=70.544, 95%CI: 14.583-341.237), had no homosexual intercourse in the past six months (OR=3.583, 95%CI: 1.278-10.044), and had not informed their sexual partners of their HIV status (OR=2.910, 95%CI: 1.228-6.897) were more willing to get married.@*Conclusion@#A certain proportion of unmarried HIV-infected MSM in Gongshu District are willing to get married, and their marriage intention is affected by age, educational level, family economic conditions, the only children or not, disclosing sexual orientation or not, having homosexual intercourse in the past six months or not, informing sexual partners of HIV status or not, and the attitude towards government policies.

Mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction to prevent the development of prehypertension and excessive phlegm-dampness syndrome in rats based on metabonomics technology / 药学学报

The alterations of serum biological endogenous chemicals in rats with phlegm dampness accumulation syndrome of prehypertension (PHT) were interfered by Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction (BBT), and the metabolic regulatory pathway of BBT was clarified using serum metabonomics analysis. To replicate the rat model of prehypertension phlegm dampness syndrome, blood pressure, behavioral markers, and serum biochemical markers of rats were collected. BBT's effectiveness in controlling blood pressure and blood lipids was assessed, and changes in endogenous small molecules in rat serum were determined using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS metabolic analysis. The results showed that BBT could regulate 9 metabolites, including arachidonic acid, cholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, N-adenosyltyrosine, arginine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:0/0:00), lysophospholipid (P-18:0), lysophospholipid (18:0), lysophospholipid (22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). MetaboAnalyst was used to analyze the metabolic pathway. There were 7 metabolic pathways closely related to the change of blood pressure in rats, among which arachidonic acid metabolic pathway was the most critical. The metabolism difference foreign body in the model rats tends to return to the normal level, which provides a research basis for the mechanism of BBT from the perspective of metabonomics. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Review Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: SDUTCM20211103001).

Opportunities,challenges and suggestions for development of cell culture media industry in China / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Cell culture medium is one of the essential raw materials in the field of life and health.In recent years,the performance and quality of domestic cell culture media have been improving,and the market share of domestic vendors has steadily increased from 19.2% in 2017 to 33.7% in 2021.However,there are also some problems and shortcomings in industrial development,mainly including:technology and process accumulation need to be strengthened;product quality need to be improved;lack of industry standards and norms.Based on literature research,special topic discussion and expert interview,this paper reviews the development history of cell culture medium,deeply analyzes and systematically combs the opportunities and challenges faced by the industry development from the basic situation,current situation and trend of the development of cell culture medium industry in China,and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

Separation, characterization, and antiviral activity of colloidal phase state of Maxing Shigan Decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study focused on the separation, characterization, content determination, and antiviral efficacy research on colloidal particles with different sizes in Maxing Shigan Decoction(MXSG). The mixed colloidal phase of MXSG was initially separated into small colloidal particle segment(S), medium colloidal particle segment(M), and big colloidal particle segment(B) using ultrafiltration. Further fine separation was performed using size-exclusion chromatography. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were employed to characterize the size and morphology of the separated colloidal particles. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the content of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and the EDTA complexometric titration was used to measure the calcium(Ca~(2+)) content in different colloidal phases. Finally, a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection mouse model was established using intranasal administration. The experimental groups included a blank group, a model group, a ribavirin group, an MXSG group, an S group, an M group, and a B group. Oral administration was given for treatment, and pathological changes in mouse lung tissue and organ indices were evaluated. The results of the study showed that the distribution of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) content was not uniform among different colloidal segments. Among them, the B segment had the highest proportions of the three components, except for Ca~(2+), accounting for 46.35%, 53.72%, and 92.36%, respectively. Size-exclusion chromatography separated colloidal particles with uniform morphology in the size range of 100-500 nm. Compared to the S and M segments, the B segment showed an increased lung index inhibition rate(38.31%), spleen index, and thymus index in RSV-infected mice, and it improved the infiltration of inflammatory cells and lung injury in the lung tissue of mice. The complex components in MXSG form colloidal particles of various sizes and morphologies through heating, and small-molecule active components such as ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) participate in the assembly to varying degrees. The main material basis for the antiviral effect of MXSG is the colloidal particles with certain particle sizes formed by the assembly of active components during the heating process.

Epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shanghai 2010 to 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shanghai and to find the risk factors. MethodsWe collected the data of foodborne disease outbreaks occurred in Shanghai between 2010 and 2020， analyzed the characteristics of outbreaks， including time and geographic distribution， pathogenic factors and possible reasons caused outbreaks. ResultsBetween 2010 and 2020， there were 108 foodborne disease outbreaks with 1 736 cases， 45 inpatient cases and 1 death. May to September was the epidemic period， with about 64.81% of the outbreak occurrence. 39.81% outbreaks occurred in Pudong， Songjiang and Chongming Districts. Most outbreaks occurred in small restaurants （25%） and most foodborne cases were in staff canteen outbreaks （27.53%）. The main possible reasons caused outbreaks were improper food storage （19.44%）， cross-contamination （14.81%） and improper cooking （12.04%）. The major pathogenic factor was biological， caused 75.92% outbreaks and 77.59% cases. Methanol poisoning caused 1 death. The main contaminated food caused outbreaks was meat （17.59%）， multiple food （12.04%） and aquatic products （11.11%）. ConclusionThe foodborne disease outbreaks in Shanghai caused inpatient cases and death. We should pay more attention to foodborne disease outbreaks and we can control the risk factors by strengthening supervision and carrying out health education to reduce foodborne disease outbreaks.

Underlying Mechanisms of Bile Acids in Progression of Hypertension Based on Metabolomics and Network Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the underlying mechanism of bile acids and metabolites as well as the key metabolic pathways and important endogenous targets in prehypertension. MethodThe metabolic mechanism of prehypertension was explored with non-targeted metabolomics combined with network analysis. The serum metabolomics of patients with prehypertension was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The relevant biological functions and signal targets were predicted and generated by network analysis. Finally，the predicted targets of this important pathway were verified by in vitro experiments，and the relevant information was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and Western blot. ResultAs revealed by non-targeted metabolomics，there were 64 potential biomarkers and 13 metabolic pathways in the normal group，the prehypertension group， and the hypertension group. The results of network analysis and biological verification showed that the occurrence of prehypertension was related to vascular inflammation caused by the abnormal metabolism of bile acids and aromatic amino acids. Bile acid metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prehypertension by regulating the vascular inflammatory response. Amino acid N-acyltransferase，myeloperoxidase， and bile acid downstream receptor TGR5 are critical in the changes of the metabolic network. ConclusionIn prehypertension，bile acids are presumedly involved in regulating vascular inflammation， resulting in damage to blood vessels in prehypertension.

Efeitos Terapêuticos da Tripla Antiagregação Plaquetária em Pacientes Femininas Idosas com Diabetes e Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio / Therapeutic Effects of Triple Antiplatelet Therapy in Elderly Female Patients with Diabetes and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Resumo Fundamento A dupla antiagregação plaquetária (DAP) é o tratamento fundamental do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Objetivo O presente estudo visou investigar a eficácia e a segurança da tripla antiagregação plaquetária (TAP) em pacientes femininas idosas com diabetes e infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnível do segmento ST (IAMCSST), que foram submetidas à intervenção coronária percutânea ICP. Métodos Trata-se se de um estudo randomizado e mono-cego. O grupo controle A (97 pacientes idosos do sexo masculino com diabetes e STEMI, cujos escores CRUSADE foram < 30) recebeu aspirina, ticagrelor e tirofibana. Um total de 162 pacientes femininas idosas com diabetes e IAMCSST foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o escore CRUSADE. O grupo B (69 pacientes com escore CRUSADE > 31) recebeu aspirina e ticagrelor. O grupo C (93 pacientes com escore CRUSADE < 30) recebeu aspirina, ticagrelor e tirofibana. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Após a PCI, o fluxo sanguíneo grau 3 Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) e a perfusão miocárdica TIMI grau 3 foram significativamente menos prevalentes no grupo B, em comparação com o grupo A (p < 0,05). Quando comparada aos grupos A e C, a incidência de complicações adversas maiores foi significativamente maior no grupo B (p < 0,05). Conclusão A TAP pode efetivamente reduzir a incidência de complicações maiores em pacientes idosas com diabetes e IAMCSST. No entanto, atenção cuidadosa deve ser dada à hemorragia em pacientes que recebem TAP. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the cornerstone treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) in elderly female patients with diabetes and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We designed a randomized, single-blind study. Control group A (97 elderly male patients with diabetes and STEMI, whose CRUSADE scores were < 30) received aspirin, ticagrelor, and tirofiban. A total of 162 elderly female patients with diabetes and STEMI were randomly divided into two groups according to CRUSADE score. Group B (69 patients with CRUSADE score > 31) received aspirin and ticagrelor. Group C (93 patients with CRUSADE score < 30) received aspirin, ticagrelor and tirofiban. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Compared to the findings in group A, post-PCI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 blood flow and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 were significantly less prevalent in group B (p < 0.05). When compared to groups A and C, the incidence of major adverse complications was significantly higher in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion TAPT could effectively reduce the incidence of major complications in elderly female patients with diabetes and STEMI. However, close attention should be paid to hemorrhage in patients receiving TAPT. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Correlation between physical fitness index and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between mental sub-health and physical fitness of Chinese adolescents, to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years) were selected by random cluster sampling in six major administrative regions in China. The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and the physical fitness index test were used to assess mental sub-health and physical fitness, respectively. The chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationships between different levels of physical fitness and mental sub-health.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-grade physical fitness index adolescents was 11.9%, and the detection rate among low-grade physical fitness index youths was 26.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=970.73，P<0.05). The overall detection rate among high-grade physical fitness index boys was 11.1%, and that of low-grade physical fitness index boys was 24.4%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=566.12，P<0.05). The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-level physical fitness index girls was 12.8%, and that among low-level physical fitness index girls was 27.6%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=412.25，P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and region in the Logistic regression model, the detection rate of mental sub-health status of adolescents with low-grade physical fitness index was 2.35 times higher than that of high-grade physical fitness index adolescents(95%CI=2.12-2.61).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents with poor physical fitness have a higher risk of mental sub-health.Attention should be paid to adolescent physical fitness development to comprehensively improve physical and mental health development.

Correlation between physical exercise,screen time and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the relationships between video time, exercise time and the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and to assist the development of Chinese adolescents’ mental health.@*Methods@#In this study, 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 years in six administrative regions of China were surveyed using an adolescent sub-health multi-dimensional assessment questionnaire (MSQA), and daily physical exercise time, video screen time and other indicators were recorded. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to understand adolescents’ mental sub-health and the correlation between video time and exercise time.@*Results@#Detection rate of mental sub-health status in adolescents with video time ≤2 h/d was lower than that of adolescents with video time >2 h/d(19.1%，22.1%), and the detection rate of adolescents with exercise time ≤60 min/d(22.1%，17.7%) was higher than that of adolescents with exercise time >60 min/d. These differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.47, 6.97, P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of mental sub-health status for Chinese adolescents whose screen time was more than 2 h/d was 1.20 times that of those with screen time ≤2 h/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The risk of mental sub-health for students whose exercise time was > 60 min/d was 0.86 times that of students who exercised ≤ 60 min/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Screen time >2 h/d and exercise time <60 min/d were negative factors leading to mental sub-health symptoms in Chinese adolescents.It is proposed to jointly promote the healthy adolescent development through health education,as well as positive family and social environment.

Nutritional status and influencing factors in the elderly at home / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the results of MNA ( mini nutritional assessment ） nutrition screening and influencing factors in the elderly living at home, so as to provide basis for improving the nutritional status of the elderly living at home. @*Methods@#The elderly people at home were recruited from Yinzhou District, Yiwu City and Changshan County in Zhejiang Province by the multi-stage random sampling method. Their demographic information, living habits and nutritional status were collected by the MNA scale and the questionnaire for nutrition and health status surveillance. The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze influencing factors for the nutritional status.@*Results@#Of 374 study subjects, 186 ( 49.73% ) were males and 188 ( 50.27% ) were females. The age was ( 69.63±6.68 ) years ( range, 60-90 years ). The average score of MNA scale was 25.26±2.81. The prevalence of malnutrition risk in the elderly living at home was 20.59%. Age ( β'=-0.140), marital status ( β'=0.110 ), annual income ( β'=0.155 ), active physical exercise ( β'= 0.104 ), eating health products/nutritional supplements ( β'= 0.110 ) and satiety ( full diet β'=0.196 ) were influencing factors for MNA scores ( P<0.05 ）.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of malnutrition risk among the elderly living at home is 20.59%. The prevalence increases with age. Having a spouse, doing active physical exercise, eating health products/nutritional supplements, having healthy eating habits are conducive to maintaining the nutritional health of the elderly.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people: A comparison between China and the United Kingdom / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.@*METHODS@#Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai.@*RESULTS@#Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China.@*CONCLUSION@#This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

Correlation between Chinese adolescent mental sub-health and muscle strength index / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the mental sub-health status of Chinese adolescents and its correlation with muscle strength index, and to provide information for relevant research in mental health and muscle strength development of Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 year-old in six administrative regions of China were administered with the Adolescent Sub-Health Multidimensional Assessment Questionnaire (MSQA). Muscle strength indicatros were tested and its relations with mental sub-health were analyzed.@*Results@#The detection rates of Chinese adolescents emotional problems, character problems, social adjustment difficulties, and mental sub-health status were 25.5%, 25.0%, 16.0%, and 19.7%, respectively. The detection rates of mental sub-health status of adolescents in the group of muscle index <P25, P25-P75, >P75 were 30.3%, 19.0%, and 10.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=522.03, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school(OR=2.55), high school(OR=2.27), male students(OR=1.15), muscle index <P25 (OR=3.81), P25-P75 (OR=2.03) group were positively correlated with mental sub-health(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents and the muscle strength index. The higher the muscle strength index, the lower detection rate of mental sub-health.

Protective effect of polypyrimidine bundle-binding protein-related splicing factor on retinal pigment epithelial cell injury induced by advanced glycation end products / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the protective effect of polypyrimidine bundle-binding proteinrelated splicing factor (PSF) over-expression on RPE cell injury induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).Methods The human RPE cells cultured in vitro were divided into three groups:normal control group (N group),blank control group (N + AGEs group),empty vector control group (Vec + AGEs group),and PSF high expression group (PSF + AGEs).group).RPE cells in N group were routinely cultured;RPE cells in N + AGEs group were only transfected but did not introduce any exogenous genes combined with AGEs induction;Vec +AGEs group and PSF + AGEs group were transfected with pcDNA The empty vector or pcDNA-PSF eukaryotic expression plasmid was introduced into RPE cells and induced by AGEs.Except the N group,the other 3 groups of cells were transfected accordingly,and were stimulated with 150 μg/ml AGEs for 72 h after 24 h.HE staining and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to observe the effect of high PSF expression on the morphological changes of RPE cells;ROS level detection was used to analyze the effect of PSF high expression on the ROS expression of RPE cells induced by AGEs;MTT colorimetric method was used to detect the high PSF expression Effects on the viability of RPE cells;Western blot was used to detect the effects of different time and dose of PSF on the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).Results HE staining and Hoechst 33258 staining observation showed that the cells in group N were full in shape,the nucleus was round,the cytoplasm was rich,and the staining was uniform;the cells in N + AGEs group and Vec + AGEs group were reduced in size,the eosinophilic staining was enhanced,and the nucleus was densely densely stained.Pyrolysis and even fragmentation;the morphology of cells in the PSF + AGEs group was still full,the cytoplasm staining was more uniform,and the nucleus staining was uniform.The results of MTT colorimetry showed that high expression of PSF can effectively improve the viability of RPE cells,but this effect can be effectively antagonized by ZnPP,and the difference is statistically significant (F=33.26,P＜0.05).DCFH-DA test results showed that compared with the N + AGEs group and Vec + AGEs group,the ROS production in PSF + AGEs group decreased,the difference was statistically significant (F=1 1.94,P＜0.05).Western blot analysis showed that PSF protein upregulated HO-1 expression in a time-and dose-dependent manner.The relative expression level of HO-1 at 24,48,and 72 h after PSF protein was significantly higher than that at 0 h,and the difference was statistically significant (F=164.91,P＜0.05).The relative expression level of HO-1 under the action of 0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 μg PSF protein was significantly higher than 0.0 μg,and the difference was statistically significant (F=104.82,P＜0.05).Conclusion PSF may inhibit the production of ROS by up-regulating the expression of HO-1,thus protecting the RPE cells induced by AGEs.

The effects of highly expression of polypyramidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor on advanced glycation end-products-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the protection and the corresponding molecular mechanisms of polypyramidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) overexpression on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).Methods:The hRMECs were divided into the normal group, the vector group, PSF group, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and PSF+ZnPP group for experiment. Cells in the normal group were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin/streptomycin, and placed in a closed constant temperature incubator at 37 °C, 95% air, and 5% CO 2. Cells in the vector group were infected with empty lentivirus. The cells in the PSF group were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus. Cells in the ZnPP group were treated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. The PSF+ZnPP group cells were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus, and then pretreated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. With the last four groups of cells stimulated with AGEs, HE, Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to observe the protective effect of high expression of PSF on cell damage and the antagonistic effect of ZnPP on PSF. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phosphorylated (p) extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK), and Nrf2 in the cells. U0126, a specific antagonist of ERK pathway, was introduced, and Western blot verified the reversal effect of U0126 on the expression of HO-1 induced by PSF protein. Results:HE staining and Hoechst33258 staining showed that the number of nuclei of damaged cells of PSF group were significantly increased compared with control group, while decreased compared with PSF+ZnPP group ( F=27.5, 38.7; P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that the ROS produced by cells in the PSF group was significantly increased compared to the normal group, and significantly decreased compared to the PSF+ZnPP group, the difference was statistically significant ( F=126.4, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that HO-1 expression of PSF group was significantly increased compared with control and the vector group ( F=70.1, P<0.05). AGEs inducement of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min could significantly improve pERK expression compared with 15 min ( F=474.0, P<0.05). The expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126- group was significantly more than those in the PSF-/U0126-group, the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126+ group was significantly lower than that in the PSF+/U0126- group, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=30.2, 489.4; P<0.05). Conclusion:Over expression of PSF can promote the HO-1 expression by activating ERK pathway and promoting the Nrf2 to the nucleus, thus protect hRMECs against AGEs-induced oxidative damage.

Study on GLI values of Polygonatum odoratum base on multi-temporal of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing / 中国中药杂志

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing and vegetation index have great potential in the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. In this study, the visible light image of Polygonatum odoratum planting area in Changyi district of Jilin province were acquired by UAV, and the real-time monitoring of P. odoratum planting area was realized. The green leaf index(GLI) was established, and GLI values of P. odoratum were collected used the spatial sampling points. To compare the GLI values in different periods, it was found that the GLI values of P. odoratum have three stages changing rule of rising-gentle-falling related to the germination, vigorous growth and withered of P. odoratum growth. Meanwhile, the GLI values were compared with four biomass data of P. odoratum, including plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in leaves, and it was found that the GLI value was related to the growth potential of P. odoratum. The GLI value with a rapid increase in rising stage or at a high level in the gentle stage means the P. odoratum was in a better growth potential. GLI value has a same change trend with plant height, and has certain correlation with plant height and leaf area. However, there is no obvious relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in leaves and GLI value. The study clarified the change rule of GLI value of P. odoratum, explained the reason for the change of GLI value, and expanded the application range of GLI. The research shows that UAV and vegetation index can be applied to monitoring the Chinese herbal medicines planting, and provides a new idea for exploring more effective information extraction methods of Chinese herbal medicines.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in detoxification systems of snake venom-induced toxicity

Snakebites remain a major life-threatening event worldwide. It is still difficult to make a positive identification of snake species by clinicians in both Western medicine and Chinese medicine. The main reason for this is a shortage of diagnostic biomarkers and lack of knowledge about pathways of venom-induced toxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine, snakebites are considered to be treated with wind, fire, and wind-fire toxin, but additional studies are required. Methods: Cases of snakebite seen at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were grouped as follows: fire toxin - including four cases of bites by Agkistrodon acutus and three bites by Trimeresurus stejnegeri - and wind-fire toxin - four cases of bites by vipers and three bites by cobras. Serum protein quantification was performed using LC-MS/MS. Differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were identified from comparison of snakebites of each snake species and healthy controls. The protein interaction network was constructed using STITCH database. Results: Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of 474 unique proteins exhibited protein expression profiles of wind-fire toxins that are distinct from that of fire toxins. Ninety-three DAPs were identified in each snakebite subgroup as compared with healthy control, of which 38 proteins were found to have significantly different expression levels and 55 proteins displayed no expression in one subgroup, by subgroup comparison. GO analysis revealed that the DAPs participated in bicarbonate/oxygen transport and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and affected carbon-oxygen lyase activity and heme binding. Thirty DAPs directly or indirectly acted on hydrogen peroxide in the interaction network of proteins and drug compounds. The network was clustered into four groups: lipid metabolism and transport; IGF-mediated growth; oxygen transport; and innate immunity. Conclusions: Our results show that the pathways of snake venom-induced toxicity may form a protein network of antioxidant defense by regulating oxidative stress through interaction with hydrogen peroxide.(AU)

The first identification of epidemic clone of enterotoxic Escherichia coli O∶6 serogroup highly associated with azithromycin resistance in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the molecular characterization of adult diarrhea cases caused by enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and explore the practical model of epidemiology for laboratory technique and data needs based on the surveillance network.@*Methods@#Epidemiological design and sampling targeted adult cases ETEC caused diarrhea in epidemic season. The enterotoxin type, serogroup, resistance, colonization factor and molecular type of ETEC were identified. Multiple dynamic phenotypic characteristics of ETEC were indicated by multidimensional and multivariable data.@*Results@#From 2016 to 2018, 84 eligible ETEC strains were detected. The dominant serums/toxins were O∶6 (STh), O∶25 (LT), O∶159 (STh), O∶153 (STh). O∶6 (STh+CS21), which replaced O∶25 and O∶159 as the popular clones in 2018. Six cases of O∶153 (STh+CFA/I+CS8+PT34) in outbreak in 2017 were imported ones. The resistance rates of ETEC strains detected in adults to sulfasoxazole, naproxinic acid, ampicillin and azithromycin were more than 30%, multidrug resistance (MDR) reached 58.3%. Serum/toxin types suggested that attenuated strains were more likely to become MDR. Molecular typing confirmed that the genetic similarity of the dominant clone of O∶6 serogroup (PT20-24) was higher than O∶25 and O∶159. There was a high correlation between the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin and the resistant gene mphA (87.5%, 28/32). O∶6 (STh+CS21+mphA) resistant clone was first detected in 2016.@*Conclusion@#A new epidemic clone in adult ETEC diarrhea cases in Shanghai was O∶6 (STh+CS21+mphA). For the first time the association between azithromycin resistance gene mphA and a serum group of ETEC was observed. Multidimensional and multivariate analysis techniques based on epidemiology can help reveal the potential transmission pattern of ETEC for the accurate surveillance and early warning of outbreaks.

Effect of daily average temperature on hand-foot-mouth disease incidence among children under 5 years old in Jingzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of daily temperature on hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children under 5 years old in Jingzhou city.@*Methods@#HFMD incidence data and meteorological data in Jingzhou city were obtained during 2010 and 2017. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was utilized to investigate the impact of daily temperature on HFMD incidence among children under 5 years old adjusting for potential confounders of other meteorological factors, secular trend, weekdays and holidays.@*Results@#A total of 47 525 cases were reported during 2010 to 2017, of which the ratio of male to female was 1.52. Children under 1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-5 years old accounted for 9.72%, 62.10%, and 28.18% of the total cases, respectively. Children cared at home and children care in kindergarten accounted for 73.29% and 26.71% of the total cases, respectively. The relationship between the temperature and the daily cases of HFMD in children under five years old was a ‘M’ pattern. Compared with a reference temperature (the 50 th percentile of average temperature during the study period, P 50), the maximum value of effect at 8.21 ℃ and 25.81 ℃ were 1.53(95%CI=1.33-1.76) and 1.47(95%CI=1.31-1.65). Higher temperatures (such as 25.81 ℃ in this paper) showed a long lag effect on the HFMD incidence compared with lower temperatures (such as 8.21 ℃). Subgroup analyses indicated that children aged 3-5 years (children who attended daycare) were more vulnerable to the effects of temperature changes on HFMD than those under 1 year old and 1-<3-year-old (cared at home).@*Conclusion@#The temperature has a significant impact on the HFMD incidence among children under five years old in Jingzhou. Daycare centers is the key place for prevention and control of HFMD.

The mechanism underlying pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and the progress in its therapeutics / 医学研究生学报

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The clinical manifestations of PD include motor and non-motor symptoms. There are around 5 millions PD patients in China, accounting for half of the total PD cases in the world. The mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis remain to be elucidated, but it is widely accepted that abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondria dysfunction, and oxidative stress are the key causative factors of PD. The regular treatment for PD includes medication of which L-dopa is the most commonly prescribed, surgical treatment, and physiotherapy. In recent year, with the progress in biotechnology and understanding of mechanisms underlying PD, novel therapeutics such as cell replacement, gene therapy, deep brain stimulation emerge, which substantially benefit the treatment of PD. In present review, based on the molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis, we summarized and discussed current therapeutic strategy on PD.

Study on the characteristics of auditory in children with autism spectrum disorders / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in children with ASD, and analyze their relation with the core symptoms of ASD.@*Methods@#Ninty children aged 2-6 with ASD were recruited from Harbin in this study. The data of ABR was collected by using BAEP, and the association among children’s absolute latency and interpeak latency of ABR, core symptoms of ASD children’s behavior and clinical manifestation was analyzed.@*Results@#Compared with the normal average value, children with ASD had longer the absolute latency of wave Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ in bilateral ears, which were (1.51±0.20)(3.83±0.34)(5.63±0.23)ms, (1.54±0.16) (3.78±0.23) (5.63±0.22)ms, respectively(P<0.05). Some children’s interpeak latency of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ, Ⅰ-Ⅴ were longer than normal values. Children younger than 3 years old showed prolonged peak intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ than children in 3-7 years old. The study has also showed that there was positive correlation between the absolute latency of waveⅠin left ear and the social function defect(r=0.45, P<0.05); there was positive correlation between the latency of wave Ⅴin right ear or the latency of waveⅠin left ear or the Ⅰ-Ⅲ peakinterval and nonverbal communication ability dysfunction(r=0.35, 0.39, 0.34, P<0.05); there was positive correlation between the Ⅰ-Ⅲ peak interval and the repeated stereotyped symptoms(r=0.39, 0.35, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Children with ASD have abnormal auditory behavior. The absolute latency and interpeak latency of ABR is correlated to some parts of core symptoms of ASD.