Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Signaling Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a heterogeneous disease characterized by incompletely reversible airflow limitation that progresses over time. Its recurrent and incurable nature imposes a significant health burden on patients. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Currently， Western medicine is commonly used in clinical treatment， which often yield suboptimal results and may lead to adverse reactions and drug resistance. Therefore， finding an effective and safe treatment method is a crucial focus in medical research. With the ongoing advancement in disease research， many scholars have discovered that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can target various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein （Notch）， Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad， secreted glycoprotein （Wnt）， Hippo， and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）. By influencing these pathways， TCM can affect airway mucus secretion， inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress， alleviate airway and microvascular remodeling， and regulate apoptosis and autophagy， ultimately reducing disease symptoms and improving lung function. TCM has thousands of years of clinical practice experience in treating COPD， demonstrating significant efficacy. Therefore， delving deeply into this from a cellular and molecular perspective can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM in treating COPD. However， systematic summaries of how TCM regulates COPD-related signaling pathways are scarce. This article aimed to extensively review and summarize recent literature in China and abroad on interventions of TCM monomers or compound prescriptions in COPD， identifying multiple related pathways to provide new insights for future clinical formulation and experimental research. Integrating basic TCM theories with modern pharmacological research mechanisms can jointly propel the development of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

Correlation Between microRNA and Bronchial Asthma and Regulatory Mechanism of Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Bronchial asthma is a common heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by airway hyperreactivity， mucus hypersecretion， and airflow obstruction. The incidence of asthma has been on the rise worldwide， and about 45.7 million adults in China suffer from asthma. Asthma is considered a costly disease， resulting in a significant economic and social burden. microRNAs （miRNAs） are long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They play a role in asthma through their activity in multiple immune and non-immune cell subsets. They impact multiple facets of critical cell function including cell survival， proliferation， and differentiation， which in turn induce the occurrence of airway spasm， mucus hypersecretion， and asthma symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of asthma. Over the past a few decades， a growing number of herbs have proven effective in treating asthma in clinical trials or asthma inflammation in animal models. Chinese medicine has the features of multiple components and multiple targets. Evidence suggests that Chinese medicine and components of Chinese medicine can regulate immune homeostasis， improve airway inflammation and airway remodeling by modulating microRNA expression for asthma treatment. However， there is a lack of systematic and detailed reviews on the regulation of asthma-related microRNA expression by Chinese medicine. The article aims to review the correlation between microRNAs and asthma in animal experiments and clinical trials in recent years， as well as the mechanism of microRNA regulation by Chinese medicine in the treatment of asthma， with the intention of providing a reference for basic research and clinical application.

Integration-based co-expression network analysis to investigate tumor-associated modules across three cancer types / 生物工程学报

In case/control gene expression data, differential expression (DE) represents changes in gene expression levels across various biological conditions, whereas differential co-expression (DC) represents an alteration of correlation coefficients between gene pairs. Both DC and DE genes have been studied extensively in human diseases. However, effective approaches for integrating DC-DE analyses are lacking. Here, we report a novel analytical framework named DC&DEmodule for integrating DC and DE analyses and combining information from multiple case/control expression datasets to identify disease-related gene co-expression modules. This includes activated modules (gaining co-expression and up-regulated in disease) and dysfunctional modules (losing co-expression and down-regulated in disease). By applying this framework to microarray data associated with liver, gastric and colon cancer, we identified two, five and two activated modules and five, five and one dysfunctional module(s), respectively. Compared with the other methods, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated the superior sensitivity of our method in detecting both known cancer-related pathways and those not previously reported. Moreover, we identified 17, 69, and 11 module hub genes that were activated in three cancers, which included 53 known and three novel cancer prognostic markers. Random forest classifiers trained by the hub genes showed an average of 93% accuracy in differentiating tumor and adjacent normal samples in the TCGA and GEO database. Comparison of the three cancers provided new insights into common and tissue-specific cancer mechanisms. A series of evaluations demonstrated the framework is capable of integrating the rapidly accumulated expression data and facilitating the discovery of dysregulated processes.

Regulation of transcription of rRNA synthesis by Apak under hypoxic conditions / 军事医学

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Kruppel-associated box(KRAB) type zinc-finger protein Apak on the transcription of ribosomal RNA(rRNA) under hypoxic conditions.Methods Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the level of rRNA and the effect of Apak on the transcription of rRNA.The expression and phosphorylation level of proteins were examined by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the location of Apak.Results Under hypoxia (0.3%O2),the transcription level of rRNA increased first and then decreased in Apak wild type cells.In Apak knock-out cells,the transcription level of rRNA kept decreasing under hypoxic conditions.The repression of Apak on rRNA synthesis and the nucleolus location of Apak disappeared,and the expression and phosphorylation level of Apak were down-regulated under hypoxic conditions for 3 h.Conclusion Under hypoxic conditions,the disapperance of Apak repression on rRNA transcription could lead to a temporary increase in rRNA.

Generation of Apak stably knockout cell lines and variation of their p53 activity and apoptosis / 军事医学

Objective To establish an Apak gene stable and permanent knockout cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 system in human colon cancer cells ( HCT116 cells), and study the effect of Apak knock-out on p53 activity and apoptosis. Methods The lentiCRISPR v2-sgRNA Apak expression plasmid was co-transfected with lentivirus coated plasmids pSPAX2 and pMD2.G.The supernatant was collected, filtered, and used to infect HCT116 cells.The positive clones were screened out by puromycin culture and Western blot was used to detect Apak knockout cell lines.Luciferase reporter gene assay, flow cytometry analysis and colony formation assay were used to examine p53 activity and apoptosis of Apak knockout cells, respectively.Results Apak knockout HCT116 cell lines were generated in which p53 activity and apoptosis were increased,but the colony formation was decreased.Conclusion The Apak stable knockout cell lines of HCT116 are successfully generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system for further functional study.

Correlation between expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and adverse reactions after chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

To analyze the correlation between expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] and adverse reactions after chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]. A total of 120 NSCLC patients who were treated in our hospital from August 2009 to September 2011 were selected as an observation group, and another 120 healthy subjects were selected as a control group. EGFR expressions in both groups were detected. The observation group was subjected to combination chemotherapy, and their shorter- and long-term prognostic outcomes, adverse reactions and mortality were recorded. Meanwhile, correlation analysis was performed. The observation group had significantly higher percentage and positive rate in EGFR expression than those of the control group [P<0.05]. With increasing stage and lymphatic metastasis, the positive expression rate of EGFR rose significantly [P<0.05]. In the observation group, the response rate of treatment was 62.5%, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions after chemotherapy

Behavioral intervention on quality of life in chronic heart congestive failure patients with urinary incontinence: a pilot randomized controlled trial / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral intervention on the quality of life of chronic heart congestive failure patients with urinary incontinence, to further provide basis for more effective clinical nursing measures. Methods 62 patients with chronic heart congestive failure combining urinary incontinence were divided into two groups by random digital table method, the control group and the intervention group, with 31 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received routine nursing care, while patients in the intervention group received behavioral intervention on the basis of routine care. The behavioral intervention included pelvic floor muscle training, pectineus exercise and reconstruction of micturition habits. The effect of the intervention on incontinence, quality of life and depression were observed in two groups. Results 61 patients completed the study, including 30 cases in the intervention group and 31 cases in the control group. There were no significant differences in the scores of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICI-Q-SF), the MOS item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale ( SDS) between two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). After 6 weeks of continuous intervention, the scores of ICI-Q-SF and SDS in the intervention group were(8.69±1.94)points and (55.91±4.57) points, which were significantly lower than (11.07±2.14) points and (61.44±5.98) points of the control group (t=5.04, 3.18, P<0.01). About the SF-36, scores of physical functioning and social functioning in the intervention group were (76.77 ±10.34) points and (77.69±6.17) points, which were significantly higher than (60.39±10.07) points and (59.38±8.25) points in the control group (t=43.31, 120.36, P<0.01). Conclusions For chronic heart congestive failure patients with urinary incontinence, behavioral intervention can effectively ameliorate symptoms of urinary incontinence, improve the quality of life and relieve patients' depression, which thereby potentially promote patients′physical and mental health.

Imaging features of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft insufficiency / 中华放射学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) graft insufficiency.Methods X-Ray and MR imaging examinations in 24 consecutive patients who had ACL reconstructive graft insufficiency were retrospectively evaluated for tunnel position,osteoarthrosis and its related complications.Follow-up arthroscopy showed 16 graft tears and 8 graft laxities.Fisher exact test was used to compare tunnel malpositions,the proportion of graft tear on MRI and osteoarthrosis between graft tear group and graft laxity group.ResultsTwo malpositions of tibial tunnel and 3 malpositions of femoral tunnel were seen in graft tear group.Three-malpositions of tibial tunnel and 4 malpositions of femoral tunnel were seen in graft laxity group.The proportion of tibial or femoral malposition showed no significant difference between the two groups(P =0.289,P =0.167).In graft tear group,15 complete graft tears were diagnosed correctly,1 partial tear was misdiagnosed as normal on MRI.In graft laxity group,4 grafts were diagnosed as normal and 4 were considered as graft tear on MRI.A significant difference was seen between the two groups (P = 0.028) in the proportion of graft tear diagnosed on MRI.Fourteen osteoarthrosis were seen in graft tear group and 5 in graft laxity group.No significant difference was seen between the two groups ( P =0.289) in the proportion of esteoarthrosis.Conclusion The proportions of tunnel malposition and osteoarthrosis showed no significant difference between the graft tear group and graft laxity group.Most graft tears can be diagnosed accurately on MRI,but some cases of graft laxity may be misdiagnosed for graft tear.

Superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions on shoulder MR arthrography / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of shoulder MR arthrography for superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 137 cases of shoulder MR arthrography confirmed by subsequent shoulder arthroscopy.Two radiologists analyzed all MR examinations independently and the results were compared with those of arthrescopy.The superior labrum was described as normal or torn.In addition, each iabral tear was classified as type Ⅰ-Ⅳ.Type Ⅰ lesions were defined as marked fraying of the articulating surface of the superior labrum; type Ⅱ, avulsion of the labral-bicipital complex from the ghnoid; type Ⅲ, displaced bucket handle tear of the superior labrum; and type Ⅳ, bucket handle tear of the superior labrum with extension into the fibers of the biceps tendon.Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated.Kappa values were calculated to quantify the level, of inter-observer agreement.Results SLAP lesions were arthroscopically diagnosed in 59 of the 137 patients.Six of the 59 lesions ( 10.2% ) were classified as type Ⅰ , 50 (84.7% ) as type Ⅱ, and 3 (5.1% ) as type Ⅲ.The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MR arthrographic detection of SLAP lesions were 86.4% (51/59), 78.2% (61/78), and 81.8% ( 112/137), respectively, for observer A, and 88.1% (52/59), 84.6% (66/78), and 86.1% (118/137), respectively, for observer B.At inter-observer comparison, agreement was very good (Kappa values = 0.796 ).The MR arthrographic classification showed correlation with the arthroscopic classification of SLAP lesions were 83.1% (49/59)and 79.7% (47/59) for two observers, respectively.Conclusion Shoulder MR arthrography is a reliable method for evaluating SLAP lesions.

Tear of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon: evaluation with shoulder MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of MRI for the long head of the biceps brachii tendon tear,and to compare the diagnostic efficiency between routing MRI and MR arthrography. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 215 cases with shoulder MR examination (107 with MR arthrography, and 108 with routing MRI) and subsequent shoulder arthrescopy and surgery. Two radiologists analyzed all MR examinations independently, and the results were compared with those of arthroscopy and surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Kappa values were used to quantify the interobserver agreement. Results Based on the results of arthroacopy and surgery, 215 patients comprised 7 cases of complete tear of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon, 29 cases of partial tear, and 179 cases without tear. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of tears (complete and partial tear) of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon were 72.2% (26/36), 91.6% (164/179), and 88.4% (190/215) respectively for observer 1, 80.6% (29/36), 93.8% (168/179), and 91.6% (197/215) respectively for observer 2. The interobserver agreement was good (Kappa value=0.681). For the complete tear of the biceps brachii tendon, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were all 100% (7/7), 100% (208/208), and 100% (215/215) for both observers. For the tear of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon, the accuracy of MR arthrography were 93.4% (100/107) for observer 1 and 96.3% (103/107) for observer 2. They were higher than the Accuracy of routing MRI, which were 83.3% (90/108)and 87.0% (94/108) respectively for two observers (P<0.05). Conclusion Shoulder MRI is a moderate reliable method for evaluating the tear of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon, and the accuracy of MR arthrography is found to be superior to that of routine MRI.

Progress in The Study of Novel Tumor Suppressor of ING Family / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Inhibitor of growth (ING) family proteins belong to candidate tumor suppressor proteins. The ING proteins participate in PtdInsPs-mediated lipid signaling and hormone signaling pathways. They are associated with histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase and play a role in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription regulation. ING proteins regulate cell growth, apoptosis and DNA damage repair in p53 dependent manner; thus linking the processes of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular aging through epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

The Reverse Effect of Chinese Medicine MBC on the Drug-resistance of K562/ADM Cells / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the reverse effect and mechanism of the extracted solution of chinese medicine MBC on the drug-resistance of K562/ADM in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of ADM on K562/ADM cell line and the reverse multiples of the drug-resistance before and after MBC treatment. Flow cytometry(FCM) was applied to assess the intracellular concentration of Rh123. Results 8?10 -1 ?g/ml MBC increased cytotoxic effect of ADM on 562/ADM cells, the reverse multiple was 6 28, and MBC could increase the intracellular concentration of Rh123. Conclusion MBC could increase killing effect of ADM on the drug-resistant K562/ADM cell and partly reverse the drug-resistance of K562/ADM cell.