Disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for rational allocation of health resources. 【Methods】 Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)were used to analyze the burden, and the average annual percent change and annual percent change were calculated. 【Results】 The incidence, prevalence and YLD rate in China were much higher than those in Japan and South Korea. The crude incidence in China, Japan and South Korea increased by 2.56%, 1.49% and 3.59% per year from 1990 to 2019, the crude prevalence rate increased by 2.70%, 2.34% and 4.03%, and the crude YLD rate increased by 2.68%, 2.33% and 4.04%. After age standardization, the disease burden in China decreased with time, but the trend was not significant, and the standardized rate in Japan and Korea increased significantly with time. The disease burden of BPH increased with age, and those aged 60 to 84 years had the highest burden. In addition, the disease burden increased with the increase of socio-demographic index (SDI) in all three countries. 【Conclusion】 The disease burden of BPH was very heavy in China, Japan and South Korea, especially in China. Males aged 60 to 84 years were the high-risk group. Targeted intervention should be adopted for these population.

Clinical effect of minimally invasive duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection for benign and pre-malignant lesions of pancreatic head / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the clinical effect of minimally invasive duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR) for benign and pre-malignant lesions of pancreatic head. Methods: The clinical data of patients with diagnosis of benign or pre-malignant pancreatic head tumor were retrospectively collected and analyzed,all of them underwent laparoscopic or robotic DPPHR between October 2015 and September 2021 at Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. Thirty-three patients were enrolled with 10 males and 23 females. The age(M(IQR)) was 54(32) years old(range: 11 to 77 years old) and the body mass index was 21.9(2.9)kg/m2(range: 18.1 to 30.1 kg/m2). The presenting symptoms included abdominal pain(n=12), Whipple triad(n=2), and asymptomatic(n=19). There were 7 patients with hypertension and 1 patient with diabetes mellitus. There were 19 patients who were diagnosed as American Society of Anesthesiologists class Ⅰ and 14 patients who were diagnosed as class Ⅱ. The student t test,U test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare continuous data or categorized data,respectively. All the perioperative data and metabolic morbidity were analyzed and experiences on minimally invasive DPPHR were concluded. Results: Fourteen patients underwent laparoscopic DPPHR,while the rest of 19 patients received robotic DPPHR. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging was used in 19 patients to guide operation. Five patients were performed pancreatico-gastrostomy and the rest 28 patients underwent pancreaticojejunostomy. Pathological outcomes confirmed 9 solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms, 9 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 7 serous cystic neoplasms, 6 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, 1 mucous cystic neoplasm, 1 chronic pancreatitis. The operative time was (309.4±50.3) minutes(range:180 to 420 minutes),and the blood loss was (97.9±48.3)ml(range:20 to 200 ml). Eighteen patients suffered from postoperative complications,including 3 patients experienced severe complications(Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥Ⅲ). Pancreatic fistula occurred in 16 patients,including 8 patients with biochemical leak,7 patients with grade B pancreatic fistula and 1 patient with grade C pancreatic fistula. No one suffered from the duodenal necrosis and none perioperative death was occurred. The length of hospital stay was 14(7) days (range:6 to 87 days). The follow-up was 22.6(24.5)months(range:2 to 74 months). None suffered from recurrence or metastasis. During the follow-up,all the patients were free of refractory cholangitis. Moreover,in the term of endocrine dysfunction,no postoperative new onset of diabetes mellitus were observed in the long-term follow-up. However,in the view of exocrine insufficiency,pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was complicated in 2 and 1 patient,respectively,with the supplement of pancreatic enzyme,steatorrhea and weight loss relieved,but NAFLD was awaited to be seen. Conclusions: Minimally invasive DPPHR is feasible and safe for benign or pre-malignant lesions of pancreatic head. Moreover,it is oncological equivalent to pancreaticoduodenectomy with preservation of metabolic function without refractory cholangitis.

Kaempferol in reversing drug resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia K562/ADM cells and its related mechanism / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective@#To investigate the drug resistance of kaempferol reversed adriamycin (ADM)-resistant K562/ADM cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and its related mechanism.@*Methods@#Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect the toxicity of ADM on K562 and K562/ADM cells for 24 h. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADM and the drug resistance multiple for 24 h were calculated. MTT method was used to detect the toxicity of kaempferol on K562/ADM cells for 24 h. The 5% inhibitory concentration (IC5) and 10% inhibitory concentration (IC10) of kaempferol for 24 h were calculated to determine the concentration of kaempferol in the subsequent experiments. And the cells untreated by the kaempferol were selected as the control group. The cell inhibition after the treatment of ADM for 24 h of the blank control group and kaempferol intervention group was detected by using MTT method. And then the cell inhibition for 24 h and ADM IC50 for 24 h in the above groups were calculated. The ratio of IC50 in the blank control group and kaempferol group was the reversal drug resistance multiple of kaempferol. The fluorescence intensity of ADM in K562/ADM cells treated by kaempferol was detected by using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), and total p38 (t-p38) protein in K562/ADM cells after the treatment of kaempferol, the specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK signaling pathway SB202190, and the combination of kaempferol and SB202190.@*Results@#After the treatment of ADM for 24 h, the IC50 value of K562 and K562/ADM cells was (0.9±0.6), (28.1 ±3.5) μg/ml, respectively. The drug resistance multiple of K562/ADM cells on the treatment of ADM for 24 h was 31.16 compared with the K562 cells. MTT method showed that kaempferol inhibited the proliferation of K562/ADM cells in a dose-dependent manner. According to the IC5 and IC10, 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol were determined to do the subsequent experiments. After the combined interaction of kaempferol and ADM for 24 h, the ADM IC50 of K562/ADM cells in the blank control group, 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was (33.7±5.7), (21.4±0.6), (15.9±1.8) μg/ml, respectively (F = 30.85, P < 0.05), and there was a statistical difference of pairwise comparison (both P < 0.05). The reversal drug resistance multiple of K562/ADM cells for 24 h in 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was 1.58 and 2.12, respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ADM in the blank control group, 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was 138.4±8.9, 154.3±2.2, 165.7±4.8, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 161.48, P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, after treatment of K562/ADM cells with 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol for 24 h, the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein were decreased in K562/ADM cells (all P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the expression of t-p38 protein (P > 0.05); SB202190 could reduce the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein (all P < 0.05); after the treatment of SB202190 combined with different concentration of kaempferol, the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein in K562/ADM cells did not decrease (P > 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Kaempferol can decrease the relative expressions of P-gp and MRP1 in K562/ADM cells by inhibiting p38-MAPK pathway, so as to increase the concentrations of ADM and to reverse the drug resistance of K562/ADM cells.

Kaempferol in reversing drug resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia K562/ADM cells and its related mechanism / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the drug resistance of kaempferol reversed adriamycin (ADM)-resistant K562/ADM cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and its related mechanism.Methods:Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect the toxicity of ADM on K562 and K562/ADM cells for 24 h. The half inhibitory concentration ( IC50) of ADM and the drug resistance multiple for 24 h were calculated. MTT method was used to detect the toxicity of kaempferol on K562/ADM cells for 24 h. The 5% inhibitory concentration ( IC5) and 10% inhibitory concentration ( IC10) of kaempferol for 24 h were calculated to determine the concentration of kaempferol in the subsequent experiments. And the cells untreated by the kaempferol were selected as the control group. The cell inhibition after the treatment of ADM for 24 h of the blank control group and kaempferol intervention group was detected by using MTT method. And then the cell inhibition for 24 h and ADM IC50 for 24 h in the above groups were calculated. The ratio of IC50 in the blank control group and kaempferol group was the reversal drug resistance multiple of kaempferol. The fluorescence intensity of ADM in K562/ADM cells treated by kaempferol was detected by using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), and total p38 (t-p38) protein in K562/ADM cells after the treatment of kaempferol, the specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK signaling pathway SB202190, and the combination of kaempferol and SB202190. Results:After the treatment of ADM for 24 h, the IC50 value of K562 and K562/ADM cells was (0.9±0.6), (28.1 ±3.5) μg/ml, respectively. The drug resistance multiple of K562/ADM cells on the treatment of ADM for 24 h was 31.16 compared with the K562 cells. MTT method showed that kaempferol inhibited the proliferation of K562/ADM cells in a dose-dependent manner. According to the IC5 and IC10, 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol were determined to do the subsequent experiments. After the combined interaction of kaempferol and ADM for 24 h, the ADM IC50 of K562/ADM cells in the blank control group, 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was (33.7±5.7), (21.4±0.6), (15.9±1.8) μg/ml, respectively ( F = 30.85, P < 0.05), and there was a statistical difference of pairwise comparison (both P < 0.05). The reversal drug resistance multiple of K562/ADM cells for 24 h in 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was 1.58 and 2.12, respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ADM in the blank control group, 0.5 μmol/L kaempferol group and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol group was 138.4±8.9, 154.3±2.2, 165.7±4.8, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 161.48, P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, after treatment of K562/ADM cells with 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L kaempferol for 24 h, the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein were decreased in K562/ADM cells (all P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the expression of t-p38 protein ( P > 0.05); SB202190 could reduce the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein (all P < 0.05); after the treatment of SB202190 combined with different concentration of kaempferol, the relative expressions of P-gp, MRP1 and p-p38 protein in K562/ADM cells did not decrease ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Kaempferol can decrease the relative expressions of P-gp and MRP1 in K562/ADM cells by inhibiting p38-MAPK pathway, so as to increase the concentrations of ADM and to reverse the drug resistance of K562/ADM cells.

Antitumor effect of osthole on human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 697 cells and its mechanism / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the antitumor effect of osthole on human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) 697 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: After B-ALL 697 cells were treated with different concentrations (8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μmol/L) of osthole, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. After B-ALL 697 cells were treated with 8 and 32 μmol/L osthole, the apoptosis was detected by FCM, the expressions of apoptosis-associated molecule Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting. After B-ALL 697 cells were treated with 8 and 32 μmol/L osthole alone or in combination with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the intracellular mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) was detected by FCM [stained by monodansylcadaverine (MDC)] to reflect the autophagy. The expressions of autophagy-associated molecule Beclin 1 mRNA and protein was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The proliferation of B-ALL 697 cells in 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128 μmol/L osthole treatment group was significantly inhibited in a dose-and time-dependent manner (all P 0.05). Conclusion: Osthole inhibits the proliferation, and induces the apoptosis and autophagy of B-ALL 697 cells. The mechanism of promoting apoptosis may be related to the up-regulation of Bax expression and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Beclin 1 participates in the autophagy.

Study on suitable areas of Lamiophlomis rotata in Sichuan province based on 3S technology / 中草药

Objective: Looking for the suitable areas of Lamiophlomis rotata based on 3S technology in Sichuan province to provide the basis for reasonable exploitation and protection of the L. rotata resource. Methods: By the ways of field researching and reviewing the related literature on L. rotata, to confirm its habitat characteristics. RS and GIS software was used to extract the environment factors such as climate, soil, topographic features, and community of L. rotata. The spatial overlay analysis on the various environmental factors were carried out to determine the distribution of L. rotata in Sichuan province. The area and combining with GPS was calculated to verify in field. Results: The result indicated that the suitable areas of L. rotata found by using 3S technology were generally consistent with the actual distribution of L. rotata. The suitable areas of L. rotata in Sichuan province were mainly distributed in 20 counties such as Aba country and Litang country. The total area of the suitable areas is about 135 200 hm2, accounting for 0.17% of the district area. Conclusion: Planting and protecting L. rotata in the suitable area will be benefit to the reasonable exploitation and protection of the L. rotata resource; This research method has the characteristics of scientificity and accuracy, which can be extended to other suitable area research of Chinese herbal medicine.

Clinical analysis of 18 cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pseudohypoparathyroidism ( PHP ) inpatients in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 and to gain a better understanding of this disorder. Methods 18 inpatients diagnosed as sporadic PHP in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, as regarding the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and imaging data. Results 18 inpatients were diagnosed sporadic PHP consisting of 12 males and 6 females, with 13 adults and 5 child participants respectively. The medium age of onset was 14 (6-57), and the average age at diagnosis was (24.9± 14.7) years old. Initial onset of symptoms reported were: 12 patients complained of tetany, 3 reported convulsions, 1 reported numbness, 1 reported dysnoesia, and 1 were asymptomatic. Among them: 3 patients were found to have short distal phalanx, 7 displayed a round face, and 3 out of 15 adults were less than 155 cm in height. 12 patients had a positive Trousseau sign, 1 had an ectopic calcification. 11 were found to have intercranial massive calcifications by head computed tomography. Serum calcium was reported at (1.58 ± 0.11) mmol/ L and parathyroid hormone was (359.5 ± 146.6) pg/ ml. 3 patients were discovered to have hypothyroidism, 2 had been misdiagnosed with epilepsy, and 1 with encephalitis. Conclusions Tetany and intracranial calcifications were the most common signs of PHP patients. A number of the PHP cases in this study lacked typical Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy ( AHO) appearance. The age of onset and or duration of the disease varied somewhat in the different patient populations. The heterogeneity nature of the clinical manifestations of PHP makes it difficult to diagnose. It is therefore important to make accurate differential diagnosis of PHP to avoid misdiagnosis of the condition.

Effect and mechanism of Solanine on proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cells / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effect of proliferation and apoptosis of Solanine on acute T lymphocyte leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cells and its mechanism.Methods After treated with different concentrations of Solanine,the proliferation of Jurkat cells was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the effect of Solanine on apoptosis of Jurkat cells were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Jurkat cells were detected by Western blot,and the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results CCK-8 assay showed that Solanine significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of Jurkat cells treated with Solanine for 24 h were (2.40-± 0.98) ％,(28.43-± 4.86) ％,(41.56-± 1.87) ％,respectively,in a dose-dependent manner.Western blot showed that Solanine could increase the expression of Bax and decrease the expression of Bcl-2 in Jurkat cells,and they all were dose-dependent.Conclusion Solanine can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells.The mechanism is related to the up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Reversal effect of solanine on multidrug-resistance of leukemia K562/ADR cells and its mechanism / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effect of solanine on multidrug resistance of leukemia K562/ADR cells, and to explore its mechanism. Methods: K562/ADR cells were treated with different concentrations (5-40 μg/mL) of solanine alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) for 24 h. The intracellular toxicity and DOX-sensitization effect of solanine were detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell-associated mean fluorescence intensity of DOX was detected by FCM method. The expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) were determined by Western blotting. Results: Solanine at non-toxic doses (5 and 10 μg/mL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX (both P < 0.05), and significantly increased the mean fluorescence intensity of DOX in K562/ADR cells in a dose-dependent manner (both P < 0.05). After treatment with 5 and 10 μg/mL solanine, the expression levels of MRP1 and p-JNK proteins were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05) in K562/ADR cells. Conclusion: Solanine can reverse multidrug resistance of K562/ADR cells in vitro. The mechanism may be related to blocking JNK signaling pathway and downregulating MRP1 expression.

Research on suitable distribution of Paris yunnanensis based on remote sensing and GIS / 中国中药杂志

Paris yunnanensis is a kind of rare medicinal herb, having a very high medicinal value. Studying its suitable ecological condition can provide a basis for its rational exploitation, artificial cultivation, and sustainable utilization. A practicable method in this paper has been proposed to research the suitable regional distribution of P. yunnanensis in Sichuan province. By the case study of P. yunnanensis in Sichuan province, and according to related literatures, the suitable ecological condition of P. yunnanensis such as altitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), annual precipitation, regional slope, slope ranges, vegetative cover, and soil types was analyzed following remote sensing (RS) and GIS.The appropriate distribution regionof P. yunnanensis and its area were extracted based on RS and GIS technology,combing with the information of the field validation data. The results showed that the concentrated distribution regions in counties of Sichuan province were, Liangshan prefecture, Aba prefecture, Sertar county of Ganzi prefecture, Panzhihua city, Ya'an city, Chengdu city, Meishan city, Leshan city, Yibin city, Neijiang city, Luzhou city, Bazhong city, Nanchong city, Guangyuan city and other cities and counties area.The suitable distribution area in Sichuan is about 7 338 km², accounting for 3.02% of the total study regional area. The analysis result has high consistency with the filed validation data, and the research method for P. yunnanensis distribution region based onspatial overlay analysis and the extracted the information of land usage and ecological factors following the RS and GIS is reliable.

Application of remote sensing and GIS in study of suitability distribution of Swertia mussotii, a Tibetan medicine in Sichuan province / 中国中药杂志

Swertia mussotii is a kind of rare medicinal materials, the relevant researches are mainly concentrated on its medicinal efficacy and medicinal value till now, researches of adaptive distribution by applying remote sensing and GIS are relatively less. This study is to analyze the adaptive distribution of S.mussotii in Sichuan province by applying remote sensing and GIS technology, and provide scientific basis for the protection and development of wild resources, artificial cultivation and adjustment of Chinese medicine industrial distribution in Sichuan province. Based on literature review and ecological factors such as altitude, annual precipitation and annual average temperature, this study extracted ecological factors, overlay analysis in GIS, as well as combining GPS field validation data by means of remote sensing and GIS, discusses the adaptive distribution of SMF sin Sichuan province. ①The area of adaptive distribution of S. mussotii in Sichuan province is 1 543.749 km², mainly in Dege county, Ganzi county, Daofu county, Kangding county, Barkam, Jinchuan county, Xiaojin county, Danba county, Daocheng county, Xiangcheng county, Xinlong county, Aba county, Muli county and other counties and cities, accounts for about 7.25% in total area. ② Combining statistical information and field validation, this study found that S. mussotii adaptive distribution gained by remote sensing and GIS is in conformity with its actual distribution. The study shows that remote sensing and GIS technology are feasible to obtain the S. mussotii adaptive distribution, they can further be applied to studies on adaptive distributions of other rare Chinese medicinal herb.

Autophagy and multidrug resistance / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main reason for the failure of leukemia chemotherapy.Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of MDR.On one hand,as a mechanism of programmed cell death,autophagy can directly induce the death of MDR cells.On the other hand,protective autophagy induced by different signaling pathways and factors such as Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and p53 can promote the survival of MDR cells.Therefore,autophagy agonist or autophagy inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutics will be a new strategy for the treatment of leukemia.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of uterine malignant mixed Mullerian tumor / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of uterine malignant mixed mullerian tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, pathologic and follow-up data of 16 patients with uterine malignant mixed Mullerian tumor treated in our hospital between March, 2003 and June, 2015 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 16 patients had a median age of 58 years at diagnosis, and 13 of them were postmenopausal. The number of patients with FIGO stage Ia, Ib, II, IIIa, IIIc2, and IV was 7, 3, 1, 3, 1, and 1, respectively. In 15 patients who received uterine segment diagnostic curettage, pathological examination all reported malignant results. Among the 15 patients having serum CA125 level test upon admission, 2 had elevated CA125 levels. The overall and disease-free survival rates of the 16 patients were 75% and 68.8%, respectively, and the 3-year survival rate of 13 patients who were followed up for at least 3 years was 72.7%. Two out of 12 patients receiving retroperitoneal lymph?node?dissection?had had postoperative recurrence, as compared with 3 out 4 who did not had the operation; tumor recurrence was found in 3 out of 13 patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy, as compared with 2 out of 3 patients who did not have chemotherapy; tumor recurrence occurred in 1 out of 10 patients receiving radiotherapy, as compared with 4 out of 6 patients without radiotherapy. The recurrence rates in 11 patients with FIGO stage I-II was 18.2%, and that among the 5 patients with FIGO stage III-IV was 60.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Uterine segment diagnostic curettage has a high diagnostic value for uterine malignant mixed Mullerian tumor. FIGO stage is the important prognostic factor for these patients, and early?diagnosis, accurate surgical staging, platinum-based chemotherapy and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy are all associated with a better prognosis.</p>

Effect and mechanism of Prunella vulgaris sulfated polysaccharide on angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:A study was conducted to investigate the effect of Prunella vulgaris sulfated polysaccharide (PVSP) on the expression of angiogenic growth factors (bFGF, VEGF, and IL-8) and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:ELISA as-say was used to observe the effects of PVSP and the negative control drug Lentinan (LNT, non-sulfate radical drug) on secretions of the angiogenic growth factors, namely, bFGF, VEGF, and IL-8, in HepG2 cells in vitro. In an in vivo experiment, the microvessel density in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue sections treated with PVSP and LNT was calculated, analyzed, and compared with the microvessel den-sity in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Results:Compared with the PBS control group, PVSP at 200μg/mL inhibited bF-GF secretion (P<0.01), whereas LNT failed to affect bFGF secretion. Neither PVSP nor LNT affected the secretions of VEGF and IL-8. In vivo results showed that PVSP at 200 mg/kg reduced the microvessel density in tumor tissue sections (P=0.03), whereas LNT at 10 mg/kg failed to affect microvessel density. Conclusion:Inhibition of bFGF secretion is a probable mechanism underlying the preven-tive effect of PVSP on hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis.

Research progress about detection methods of drug-induced nephrotoxicity biomarkers / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and progress about detection methods of drug-induced nephrotoxicity biomarkers in recent years. METHODS: By looking up papers and books of preclinical and clinical research on nephrotoxicity biomarkers and related detection methods, we made description and summary on different detection methods and their practical application. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Multiplex assays such as Luminex xMAP have been used more frequently, they are faster and more efficient than ELISA and Western blot. However, multiplex assays still need to be compared and verified in the practical use. In addition, methods which are independent of antigen-antibody reaction and which are based on toxicogenomics have been developed. These new detection methods will greatly improve the discovery and confirmation of new nephrotoxicity biomarkers.

Effects of zhengqing fengtongning tablet and methotrexate on the serum OPG/RANKL and IL-17 of collagen-induced arthritis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Zhengqing Fengtongning Tablet (ZFT) and methotrexate (MTX) on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, thus addressing their bone protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CIA rat model was established by intradermally injecting type II collagen emulsion from the rats' back and tail. Totally 28 successfully modeled rats [with the arthritis index (AI) more than 2] were randomly divided into the model group, the Chinese medicine (CM) treatment group, the MTX group, and the ZFT + MTX treatment group, 7 rats in each group. Another 7 rats were recruited as the normal control group. Rats were administered from the 7th day of modeling. Rats in the MTX group were treated with MTX at 3.8 mg/kg once a week. Those in the CM group were treated with ZFT at the daily dose of 130 mg/kg, once a day. Those in the ZFT + MTX treatment group were treated with both MTX (at 3.8 mg/kg once a week) and ZFT (at the daily dose of 130 mg/kg, once a day). Those in the model group and the normal control group were administered with normal saline of the equal volume by gastrogavage. All the intervention lasted for 26 days. The destruction of joints in the four limbs were observed using X-ray. The AI was recorded. The expression levels of serum OPG, RANKL, and IL-17 were detected at the end of the experiment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the whole process, all rats except those in the model group were in a good condition. On the 21st day of modeling the AI of all rats reached the peak, but it decreased after treatment. Compared with the model group, the AI decreased in the CM treatment group, the MTX group, and the ZFT + MTX treatment group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the OPG increased and RANKL decreased in the MTX group; the OPG and OPG/RANKL increased in the CM treatment group; the OPG, RANKL, and OPG/RANKL increased, and IL-17 decreased in the ZFT + MTX treatment group, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the MTX and the ZFT + MTX treatment group, OPG/RANKL increased and IL-17 decreased in the ZFT + MTX treatment group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ZFT + MTX could synergistically elevate peripheral OPG/RANKL and down-regulate IL-17 in CIA model rats.</p>

The expression of Survivin,PTEN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and the correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor and its clinical significance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the expression of Survivin,PTEN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of Survivin,PTEN and VEGF of 72 TSCC samples and 15 normal tongue mucosa (NTM) samples were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rate of Survivin,PTEN and VEGF in TSCC were 66.7％(48/72),61.1％(44/72),70.8％(51/72)respectively,while the positive expression rate in NTM were 0,100.0％ (15/15),0.There were statistical significance between the rate in TSCC and NTM respectively (P ＜0.01 ).The expression of Survivin and VEGF in TSCC were positively correlated with TNM stage,histological grade and lymph node metastasis (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),while the expression of PTEN had negative correlation with them (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).The expression of Survivin was positively correlated with VEGF expression in TSCC (r=0.6482,P＜0.01),while the expression of PTEN was negatively correleted with VEGF expression (r =-0.4027,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of Survivin and PTEN in TSCC are associated with tumor occurrence and development closely,and are both significantly correlated with VEGF.Joint detection of Survivin,PTEN and VEGF have important reference value in clinical diagnosis,metastasis and prognosis of TSCC.

Effects of sinomenine and methotrexate on fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of sinomenine (SIN) and methotrexate (MTX) on the proliferation and apoptosis of in vitro cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as well as the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor in FLS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>FLS were isolated from the synovium of RA patients and cultured in vitro. FLS were incubated with different concentrations of SIN and MTX respectively or combined: 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000 mg/mL SIN; 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000 mg/mL MTX; 0.001 mg/mL SIN + 0.001 mg/mL MTX, 0.010 mg/mL SIN + 0.010 mg/mL MTX, 0.100 mg/mL SIN + 0.100 mg/mL MTX, 1.000 mg/mL SIN + 1.000 mg/mL MTX, namely SIN1, 2, 3, 4 groups; MTX1, 2, 3, 4 groups and the combination 1, 2, 3, 4 groups. The medium without drugs was used as a control group. There was a total of 13 groups, each group with 3 complex holes. MTT was applied to detect the growth of FLS. The flow cytometry was applied to detect the apoptosis of FLS. The expressions of FLS receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA were observed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, RA FLS proliferation OD values of all the drug groups were lower (P < 0.05). The RA FLS apoptosis OD value of the combination 3 group increased, the OPG mRNA expression increased, the expression of RANKL mRNA decreased with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The RA proliferation OD values of the SIN3 group and the MTX3 group increased when compared with the combination 3 group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SIN and MTX had synergistic effects in inhibiting FLS. This might be one of the mechanisms for inhibiting RA bone damage.</p>

The efficacies of hyaluronidase and hirudoid on skin extravasation damage caused by vinorelbine in rats / 肿瘤

Objective: To explore the preventive efficacy of local injection of hyaluronidase and topical administration of Hirudoid cream against skin damage caused by vinorelbine extravasation in rats. Methods: Vinorelbine was iv infused into the hinder limbs of SD rats to establish the extravasation model. The 48 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. The model group received no treatment. The other five groups were given local injection of hyaluronidase, topical administration of Hirudoid cream, local injection of hyaluronidase plus topical administration of Hirudoid cream, local injection of normal saline (NS), or topical administration of normal saline, respectively. The lesion area and the healing time were observed and recorded on d 1, d 4, d 8, d 12, d 18, d 24, and d 30. Results: The lesions were cured by local injection of hyaluronidase on d 30. The lesion area were significantly reduced in hyaluronidase group compared with that in topical Hirudoid cream group, combined therapy group, local NS injection group, topical NS administration group, and the model group on d 1, d 4, d 8, d 12, d 18 and d 24 (P < 0.05). The healing time was significantly shorter in hyaluronidase group than that in other 5 groups [(21.9 ± 3.0) d vs (28.8 ± 3.5) d, (28.0 ± 2.9) d, (28.6 ± 4.1) d, (29.8 ± 2.6) d, and (30. 6 ± 3.0) d, P < 0.01]. Conclusion: Local injection of hyaluronidase is effective for skin damage caused by vinorelbine extravasation, but topical administration of Hirudoid cream is ineffective and combined therapy can not further improve the efficacy of hyaluronidase monotherapy.

Topical dimethyl sulfoxide and intralesional hyaluronidase administration for vinorelbine extravasation-induced rat skin injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase administration, used alone or in combination, on skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation was induced in the lower extremities of 30 SD rats, which were treated subsequently with topical DMSO, intralesional hyaluronidase, their combination, topical saline, and intralesional saline, with the rats without any treatment as the control. The wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 days and the time of healing were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 days were significantly smaller in topical DMSO group than in topical saline and control groups (P<0.05), and so in intralesional hyaluronidase group than in intralesional saline and control groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between single agent (hyaluronidase and DMSO) treatment group and the combined treatment group. The healing time was significantly shorter in topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase groups than in topical and intralesional saline groups and control group ( 24.9-/+3.2 and 21.9-/+3.0 days vs 29.8-/+2.6, 28.6-/+4.1 and 30.6-/+3.0 days, P<0.01), but comparable between the two single agent groups and combined treatment group (23.3-/+3.8 days).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intralesional hyaluronidase and topical DMSO application are effective therapies for skin damage due to vinorelbine extravasation, and their combination does not improve the therapeutic effect.</p>