Comparison of Functional Status Between Diabetic Patients With and Without Nephropathy Based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the functional status of diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and identify the items that diabetic patients with nephropathy are more likely to develop dysfunction than diabetic patients without nephropathy based on the international classification of functioning,disability and health rehabilitation set(ICF-RS).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 320 diabetic patients hospitalized in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2021 to February 2022 were selected and assigned into a group with nephropathy and a group without nephropathy.The general characteristics,clinical examination,and laboratory findings were compared by the t test,rank sum test,and Chi-squared test.The functional status of the patients was compared between the two groups by the t test based on the ICF-RS.Logistic regression was employed to control interferential factors between the two groups and identify the association between nephropathy and ICF-RS problematic items among diabetic patients.Results The diabetic patients with nephropathy had more problematic items in ICF-RS(P<0.001),the body function dimension(P=0.003),the activity dimension(P<0.001),and the participation dimension(P<0.001)than those without nephropathy.Moreover,the diabetic patients with nephropathy experienced severer problems in 5 body function items(energy and drive functions,sleep functions,sexual functions,exercise tolerance functions,and muscle power functions),10 activity items(transferring oneself,walking,moving around using equipment,moving around,washing oneself,caring for body parts,toileting,dressing,doing housework,and looking after one's health),and 4 participation items(using transportation,assisting others,basic interpersonal interactions,and recreation and leisure)(all P<0.05).The Logistic regression results showed that compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the diabetic patients with nephropathy were more likely to develop problems in energy and drive functions(aOR=4.35,95%CI=1.28-14.79,P=0.019),emotional functions(aOR=1.88,95%CI=1.06-3.34,P=0.031),sexual functions(aOR=3.39,95%CI=1.82-6.34,P<0.001),moving around(aOR=3.11,95%CI=1.76-5.52,P<0.001),doing housework(aOR=17.48,95%CI=3.57-85.60,P<0.001),looking after one's health(aOR=1.97,95%CI=1.13-3.43,P=0.017),using transportation(aOR=2.59,95%CI=1.38-4.88,P=0.003),and recreation and leisure(aOR=2.52,95%CI=1.46-4.35,P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the patients with nephropathy suffer more ICF-RS problematic items and are more likely to develop dysfunction in certain items in all the three dimensions.

Phosphorescent Inner Filter Effect-based Sensing System for Determination of β-Glucuronidase Using Manganese-doped Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots / 分析化学

The key to maximize the sensitivity of inner filter effect ( IFE)-based assay is to enlarge the overlap between the absorption spectra of the absorber and the excitation or emission spectra of the fluorophore. In this work, Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots ( QDs) were chosen for IFE-based detection of β-glucuronidase ( GUS) , since the excitation of QDs was perfectly overlapped with the absorption of the substrate of GUS, namely 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide ( PNPG) . In addition, the phosphorescence emission from Mn-doped ZnS QDs could eliminate the fluorescence background from biological samples. Therefore, a simple turn-on phosphorescent GUS assay was developed, with the linear range of 10-300 U/L and limit of detection of 7 U/L (S/N=3).

Borneol promotes oral absorption and penetration into brain of puerarin and catalpol / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of borneol on the oral absorption and penetration into brain of puerarin and catalpol from cell level and animal level, and screen the concentration of borneol that is suitable for Zige compound oral preparation. Blood-brain barrier(BBB) model was established by co-culture of primary brain microvessel endothelial cells(BMEC) and astrocytes(As) in rats, and it was used to investigate the effect of borneol(concentration from 6.25 to 100 mg•L⁻¹) on the transport of puerarin and catalpol. The pharmacokinetics of puerarin and catalpol in plasma and brain of rats were compared after intragastric administration of borneol solution (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg•kg⁻¹) immediately followed by puerarin(200 mg•kg⁻¹) and catalpol(45 mg•kg⁻¹) nanocrystal suspension. Barrier function was basically formed after co-culturing of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes for 7 d. The permeability of puerarin and catalpol across blood-brain barrier was increased significantly(P<0.05) and transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER) values at 2 h were decreased significantly(P<0.01) when the concentration of borneol was between 12.5 to 100 mg•L⁻¹ as compared with the control group. Borneol at the dose of 50 mg•kg⁻¹ and 100 mg•kg⁻¹ could significantly increase the oral absorption of puerarin(P<0.05), but there was no obvious effect for catalpol. AUCbrain/AUCblood for puerarin was highest with borneol at dose of 100 mg•kg⁻¹ (P<0.05), while AUCbrain/AUCblood for catalpol was highest with borneol at dose of 50 mg•kg⁻¹ (P<0.05). AUCbrain was highest at 100 mg•kg⁻¹ for puerarin(P<0.05); while for catapol, it was highest at 50 mg•kg⁻¹, but it was not significantly different from 100 mg•kg⁻¹. In conclusion, borneol could increase the amount of puerarin and catalpol in brain after oral administration and the optimized dose shall be 100 mg•kg⁻¹.

Effects of different preparation technologies on concentrations of puerarin and catalpol in plasma and brain of rats after oral administration / 中国中药杂志

To compare the effects of different preparation technologies on the concentrations of puerarin and catalpol in plasma and brain of rats after oral administration, in order to lay an experimental basis for developing new oral Zige preparations. The nanocrystal, self-microemulsions (tween-80 and Cremophor RH-40 as emulsifiers) and inclusion complex of HP-β-CD containing puerarin and catalpol were prepared. The concentrations of puerarin and catalpol in plasma and brain of rats after oral administration were determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters and brain target index were compared. The results showed that preparation technologies had different influences on the concentrations of puerarin and catalpol in plasma and brain. The self-microemulsion (tween-80) could significantly increase the oral absorption of puerarin than other technologies(P<0.05), and inclusion complex could remarkably increase the oral absorption of catalpol than nanocrystal(P<0.01). For puerarin, the brain targeting index of inclusion complex was the highest (P<0.05); but for catalpol, the brain targeting index of inclusion complex and self-microemulsions were both higher than nanocrystal (P<0.05). The self-microemulsion(tween-80) had the highest AUCbrain of puerarin than other groups (P<0.01); the inclusion complex had the highest AUCbrain for catalpol, but there was no significant difference compared with self-microemulsions. In conclusion, the self-microemulsion (tween-80) technology could increase the amount of puerarin and catalpol in brain, and was expected to be used in new oral Zige preparations.

Impact of drug molecules on HP-β-CD compound inclusion / 中国中药杂志

To study the interaction of drugs of different properties, namely puerarin, borneol and catalpol in the process of in- clusion, in order to explore the inclusion regularity of multi-component and multi-property traditional Chinese medicine compound in- clusions. With HP-β-CD as the inclusion material, the freeze-drying method was used to prepare the inclusion. The inclusion between puerarin, borneol and catalpol was tested by measuring the inclusion concentration, DSC and X-ray diffraction. According to the find- ings, when insoluble drugs puerarin and borneol were included simultaneously, and puerarin was overdosed, puerarin included was almost equal to puerarin included, and borneol was not included. When puerarin was under-dosed, and HP-β-CD was overdosed, borne- ol was included, and the simultaneous inclusion was lower than the separate inclusion of borneol. When water-soluble drug catalpol was jointly included with puerarin or borneol, the simultaneous inclusion was almost the same with their separate inclusion, without charac- teristic peak of catalpol in DSC and X-ray diffraction patterns. There is a competition in the simultaneous inclusion between water-solu- ble drugs puerarin and borneol and a stronger competition in puerarin. The water-soluble drug catalpol could be included with HP-β-CD with no impact on the inclusion of puerarin or borneol.