Curative effect of autologous periosteal iliac bone graft and allogeneic bone powder combined with PRP on HeppleⅤ talus osteochondral injury / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To analyze and compare the treatment of HeppleⅤ talus osteochondral injury(OLT)with autologous periosteal iliac bone graft and allogeneic bone powder combined with platelet rich gel(PRP).Methods Totally 62 HeppleⅤOLT patients admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to October 2022 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into a transplantation group(31 patients received autologous periosteal iliac bone transplantation treatment)and a combination group(31 patients received allogeneic bone powder combined with PRP treatment)based on their treatment methods.Conduct a 12 month postoperative outpatient follow-up study on patients,evaluate and compare the treatment effectiveness,ankle joint range of motion(ROM),American Society of Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons(AOFAS)ankle posterior foot score,pain score,satisfaction,and incidence of complications between the two groups of patients at 12 months after surgery.Results The total effective rate of the transplantation group(96.77%)was not significantly different from that of the combination group(93.55%,P>0.05).At 12 months after surgery,the ROM and AOFAS scores of both groups improved(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).At 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery,the pain scores of both groups decreased compared to before surgery(P<0.05).The subjective overall satisfaction of patients in the transplantation group(77.42%)was lower than that in the combination group(96.77%,P<0.05).The total incidence of complications in the transplantation group(19.35%)was significantly higher than that in the combination group(3.23%,P<0.05).Conclusion Allogeneic bone powder combined with PRP can avoid additional surgical incisions,increase patient subjective satisfaction,and increase the incidence of postoperative complications.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and prognosis of fetal goiter: analysis of five cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the prenatal ultrasound features and prognosis of fetal goiter.Methods:The prenatal ultrasound findings and clinical data of five cases of fetal goiter in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed regarding the sonographic features, concomitant signs, and prognosis using descriptive statistical method.Results:The five cases were first diagnosed as fetal goiter at 25-35 weeks of gestation, with all of them showing hypoechoic or medium echoic masses in the fetal anterior neck area. One case exhibited a central blood flow signal, early appearance of the distal femoral ossification center, tachycardia, increased cardiothoracic ratio during pregnancy, and developed postnatal hyperthyroidism. Three cases showed peripheral blood flow signals and had postnatal hypothyroidism, one of which had delayed appearance of distal femoral ossification center and increased cardiothoracic ratio. One case showed a peripheral blood flow signal with normal thyroid function after birth. Among the five cases, tracheal compression and polyhydramnios were found in one case; neck hyperextension was found in three cases. After treatment, the size of goiters did not change or shrunk in three cases and increased with the gestations in one case. One case did not receive any prenatal treatment and was born through cesarean section due to late detection and increased cardiothoracic ratio. Two cases underwent cesarean section at 35 gestational weeks, one had full-term cesarean section, and two delivered vaginally at term. Hyperthyroidism in one neonate was caused by excessively elevated maternal thyrotropin receptor antibody. Three cases of hypothyroidism occurred due to maternal antithyroid medication whose thyroid function recovered after supplementation of thyroxine. The thyroid function was normal in the rest of the baby. During the follow-up from 9 months to 4 years and 11 months old, no abnormalities in the intellectual and motor development of the five children were found.Conclusions:Fetal goiter often exhibits hypochoic or medium echoic mass in the anterior neck during prenatal ultrasonography. The fetal thyroid function could be evaluated according to different blood flow patterns and the presence of the ossification center. The prognosis of fetal goiter is good after active prenatal treatment.

Prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children aged 0-5 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years, in 2010-2013. Methods: Data was from the'China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women'project in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862. Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old. Results: were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4% among the 0-5-year-old in 2013, with 9.4% in boys and 7.2% in girls. Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same, as 8.4%. The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0%, 11.1%, 8.3%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 3.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The rates of overweight in low, medium and high income families were 8.0%, 8.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% among the 0-5-year-old, with 3.6% in boys and 2.5% in girls. There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3%) and rural areas (2.9%). The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8%, 3.8%, 2.5%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The rates of obesity in low, medium and high income families were 2.8%, 3.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China, suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.

Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Methods: Data was from the samples of aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance program in 2010-2012. P(90) (the same age, the same sex) was used as the diagnostic value for abdominal obesity. Results: The overall waist circumference of children and adolescents in all the age groups appeared higher in males than that in females (P<0.000 1), higher in cities than that in the rural areas (P<0.05), and higher in children with high family income than those with middle or low family incomes (P=0.000 3). The rate of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years appeared as 11.2% on average and 10.7% and 11.8% for boys and girls, respectively but with no significant difference (P>0.05). Rates on abdominal obesity appeared as 13.2% and 8.5% for boys while as 12.3% and 11.2% for girls respectively, in urban or rural areas. As for the levels of family income, the abdominal obesity rates appeared as 15.8%, 11.5% and 8.8% respectively for boys while 13.5%, 11.9% and 11.6% respectively for girls, under high, middle and low levels of family income. Conclusion: The rate of abdominal obesity in boys seemed more responsive to the impact of income in urban or rural areas.

Study on the relationship between family-related factors and obesity of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the relationship between family-related factors and the status of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China. Methods: Data were collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012 program. A sample of 6 343 subjects aged 6-17 years was selected, with matched weight, education levels, household income and other family related factors of their parents. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between family factors and overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents. Results: After adjusted for age, gender and region, results from the multivariate logistic regression showed that both the overweight and obesity of children and adolescents were associated with maternal BMI (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.63-2.05), paternal BMI (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.57-1.94), mother's educational level (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.12-1.37) and household income (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.15-1.46). Conclusion: Factors as overweight or obesity status of the parents, mother's educational level and household income were positively correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on obesity. Methods: Data was from children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 program. In children aged 6 years, criteria of overweight and obesity were followed the WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. In children and adolescents aged 7-17 years, overweight and obesity were defined by sex and age specific BMI, recommended by Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents according to the Chinese guidelines. Results: The overall rates on overweight and obesity were 9.6% and 6.4% among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, with 11.0% (12.8% for boys and 9.0% for girls) in urban and 7.7% (boys 9.7%, girls 5.5%) in rural areas. The rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were 8.4% (boys 9.3%, girls 7.4%) and 5.2% (boys 6.2%, girls 4.1%) in the rural areas. According to the levels of household income, the overweight rates of children in high, middle and low incomes were 12.3%, 10.7% and 8.2%, with obesity as 8.6%, 7.2% and 5.7% respectively. Conclusions: In 2012, the prevalence rates of overweight and obese were 9.6% and 6.4% among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively, higher in urban than in rural areas and higher boys than in girls. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity seemed to be related to the levels of household income.

The drinking status and associated factors in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China. Methods: Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status. Results: The overall drinking rate was 30.5% in Chinese adults, 53.8% in men, and 12.2% in women. The excessive drinking rate was 14.0% in men and 1.1% in women. The daily drinking rate was 25.7% in men and 10.9% in women. Men mainly consumed multi-type wines, but women preferred beer. The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1%. The excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate, and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age. All the four rates were positively related with physical activity. Conclusions: The drinking rate, excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China. Drinking status was associated with age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status and physical activity.

Prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children aged 0-5 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years,in 2010-2013.Methods Data was from the ‘China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women’ project in 2013.Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions,municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862.Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old.Results were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010.Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4％ among the 0-5-year-old in 2013,with 9.4％ in boys and 7.2％ in girls.Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same,as 8.4％.The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-,6-,12-,24-,36-,48-and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0％,11.1％,8.3％,6.0％,4.8％,3.9％ and 15.9％,respectively.The rates of overweight in low,medium and high income families were 8.0％,8.8％ and 8.9％,respectively.The prevalence of obesity was 3.1％ among the 0-5-year-old,with 3.6％ in boys and 2.5％ in girls.There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3％) and rural areas (2.9％).The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-,6-,12-,24-,36-,48-and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8％,3.8％,2.5％,1.6％,1.2％,1.3％ and 7.8％,respectively.The rates of obesity in low,medium and high income families were 2.8％,3.3％ and 3.5％,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China,suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.

Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years.Methods Data was from the samples of aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance program in 2010-2012.P90 (the same age,the same sex) was used as the diagnostic value for abdominal obesity.Results The overall waist circumference of children and adolescents in all the age groups appeared higher in males than that in females (P＜0.000 1),higher in cities than that in the rural areas (P＜ 0.05),and higher in children with high family income than those with middle or low family incomes (P=0.000 3).The rate of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years appeared as 11.2％ on average and 10.7％ and 11.8％ for boys and girls,respectively but with no significant difference (P＞0.05).Rates on abdominal obesity appeared as 13.2％ and 8.5％ for boys while as 12.3％ and 11.2％ for girls respectively,in urban or rural areas.As for the levels of family income,the abdominal obesity rates appeared as 15.8％,11.5％ and 8.8％ respectively for boys while 13.5％,11.9％ and 11.6％ respectively for girls,under high,middle and low levels of family income.Conclusion The rate of abdominal obesity in boys seemed more responsive to the impact of income in urban or rural areas.

Study on the relationship between family-related factors and obesity of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the relationship between family-related factors and the status of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China.Methods Data were collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012 program.A sample of 6 343 subjects aged 6-17 years was selected,with matched weight,education levels,household income and other family related factors of their parents.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between family factors and overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents.Results After adjusted for age,gender and region,results from the multivariate logistic regression showed that both the overweight and obesity of children and adolescents were associated with maternal BMI (OR=1.83,95％ CI:1.63-2.05),paternal BMI (OR=1.74,95％CI:1.57-1.94),mother's educational level (OR=1.24,95％CI:1.12-1.37) and household income (OR=l.30,95％CI:1.15-1.46).Conclusion Factors as overweight or obesity status of the parents,mother's educational level and household income were positively correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years,and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on obesity.Methods Data was from children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 program.In children aged 6 years,criteria of overweight and obesity were followed the WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents.In children and adolescents aged 7-17 years,overweight and obesity were defined by sex and age specific BMI,recommended by Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents according to the Chinese guidelines.Results The overall rates on overweight and obesity were 9.6％ and 6.4％ among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years,with 11.0％ (12.8％ for boys and 9.0％ for girls) in urban and 7.7％ (boys 9.7％,girls 5.5％) in rural areas.The rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were 8.4％ (boys 9.3％,girls 7.4％) and 5.2％ (boys 6.2％,girls 4.1％) in the rural areas.According to the levels of household income,the overweight rates of children in high,middle and low incomes were 12.3％,10.7％ and 8.2％,with obesity as 8.6％,7.2％ and 5.7％ respectively.Conclusions In 2012,the prevalence rates of overweight and obese were 9.6％ and 6.4％ among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years,respectively,higher in urban than in rural areas and higher boys than in girls.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity seemed to be related to the levels of household income.

The drinking status and associated factors in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China.Methods Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS),a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status.Results The overall drinking rate was 30.5％ in Chinese adults,53.8％ in men,and 12.2％ in women.The excessive drinking rate was 14.0％ in men and 1.1％ in women.The daily drinking rate was 25.7％ in men and 10.9％ in women.Men mainly consumed multi-type wines,but women preferred beer.The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1％.The excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate,and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age.All the four rates were positively related with physical activity.Conclusions The drinking rate,excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China.Drinking status was associated with age,sex,marital status,education level,smoking status and physical activity.

Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults in 2010-2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (AO) among Chinese adults aged 18 and above.@*Methods@#Data were collected from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratifies proportion to the population cluster random sampling method was conducted to determine 120 265 subjects aged 18 and above at 150 counties in 31 provinces in China mainland. WC was determined for all subjects, and AO was judged according to the "Healthy Adult Weight Determination" (WS/T 428-2013). Using the demographic data published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009, we performed complex sampling weighted treatment to calculate the WC, AO rate and 95%CI.@*Results@#The mean WC of Chinese men aged 18 and above was 82.8 cm, which of urban men (84.1 cm) was higher than that of rural men (81.4 cm) (P<0.001). The average WC of women was 78.5 cm. There was no statistical difference between urban (78.7 cm) and rural women (78.4 cm) (P=0.965). With the increase of education level, the mean WC of male increased gradually from 81.2 cm to 84.3 cm (P<0.001), and the mean WC of female decreased from 80.3 cm to 74.3 cm (P<0.001). With the family income rose, the mean WC of men increased gradually from 81.9 cm to 84.7 cm (P<0.001), and the mean of WC of women decreased from 78.8 cm to 77.6 cm (P<0.001). The AO rate was 25.7% (95% CI: 23.7%-27.7%) in adults aged 18 years and older. The AO rate in urban males (29.8% (95%CI: 26.5%-33.1%)) was significantly higher than that of rural males (22.3% (95%CI: 19.3%-25.2%)) (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the female AO rate between urban (25.6% (95%CI: 22.8%-28.4%)) and rural areas (25.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-27.9%)) (P=0.772). With the increase of the educational level, the AO rate of men increased from 20.1% (95%CI: 18.0%-22.1%) to 32.6% (95%CI: 28.6%-36.6%) (P<0.001), the rate of women decreased gradually from 31.3% (95%CI: 28.7%-33.9%) to 13.5% (95%CI: 10.9%-16.1%) (P<0.001). With the increase of family income, the AO rate of male increased gradually from 23.3% (95%CI: 20.7%-25.9%) to 31.8% (95%CI: 27.6%-36.1%) (P<0.001), the rate of female decreased from 26.5% (95% CI: 24.2%-28.7%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 17.2%-22.8%) (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of AO among Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was high, and there were significant differences in WC and AO rate between men and women under different age, region, educational level and family income level.

The epidemic status of metabolic syndrome among Chinese adolescents aged 10-17 years in 2010-2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To invesigate the epidemic status of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among mainland Chinese adolescents aged 10-17 in 2010-2012.@*Methods@#Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method was conducted to determine 16 872 adolescents in 150 counties from 31 provinces in mainland China. The epidemic status of metabolic syndrome was analyzed by China criterion (defined by Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association) and Cook criterion, respectively. The prevalence of MS and 95%CI were calculated through weighted complex sampling processing by population data released by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009.@*Results@#Based on China criterion, the weighted prevalence of MS was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1%-2.6%) among Chinese adolescents aged 10-17. Prevalence in urban was higher than in rural (2.8%, 95%CI: 2.4%-3.2% and 1.9%, 95%CI:1.6%-2.3%, respectively). Prevalence in boys and girls were 2.7% (95% CI: 2.3%-3.0%), and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%-2.4%), respectively. Based on Cook criterion, the weighted prevalence was 4.3% (95% CI: 4.0%-4.7%) . The highest weighted prevalence of the components of the metabolic syndrome was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (26.8%, 95% CI: 26.0%-27.5%), followed by high fasting glucose (11.5%, 95% CI: 11.0%-12.0%), abdominal obesity (11.1%, 95%CI: 10.6%-11.7%) , hypertriglyceridemia (8.8%, 95%CI: 8.4%-9.3%) , and high blood pressure (6.4%, 95% CI: 6.0%-6.8%).@*Conclusion@#Among the five indicators of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were relative high in Chinese adolescents aged 10-17 years, though the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was not high.

Survey on dietary nutrients intake of Chinese residents between 2010 and 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010-2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas.@*Methods@#Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China's county-level divisions were classified into four types: big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62 857 valid subjects, including 14 017, 16 539, 19 910 and 12 391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition.@*Results@#The average energy intake per resident in Mainland China was 9 047.1 kJ, with highest (9 719.3 kJ) in poor rural area and lowest (8 490.4 kJ) in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest (73.9 g) in big city and lowest (60.7 g) in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest (89.4 g) in big city and lowest (70.6 g) in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 μg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%.@*Conclusion@#The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in mainland China. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.

Mean blood pressure among the adults in China 2010-2012: based on the results of mercury sphygmomanometer and converted electronic sphygmomanometer / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among adults aged 18 years old and above in China between 2010 and 2012; and to compare the difference in the results measured by mercury sphygmomanometer and converted electronic sphygmomanometer.@*Methods@#The data was collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. 120 428 adults aged 18 years old and above were selected from 150 survey counties (districts) of 31 provinces in China Mainland, by multi-stage stratified and probability proportion to size (PPS) cluster randomization sampling method. The average blood pressure value was calculated from three systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. The value of Electronic Sphygmomanometer was converted by regression formula. Age-standardized results were calculated incorporating a complex sample weighting using the population data from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009.@*Results@#The overall adjusted mean of SBP based on the value of mercury sphygmomanometer among Chinese adults aged 18 years old and above was 122 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 124 mmHg in men and 120 mmHg in women. The average SBP value was separately 115, 127, and 137 mmHg in groups of adults aging 18-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years old. The average SBP was 122 mmHg in urban and 122 mmHg in rural areas. Mean DBP was 78 mmHg, 79 mmHg in men and 76 mmHg in women. The average DBP was separately 75, 81, and 81 mmHg in groups of adults aging 18-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years old. The average DBP was 78 mmHg in urban and 77 mmHg in rural areas. The overall adjusted mean of SBP based on converted electronic device was 129 mmHg,130 mmHg in men and 127 mmHg in women, respectively. The mean of SBP was separately122, 134, and 143 mmHg in groups of adults aging 18-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years old. Mean SBP was both 129 mmHg in urban and in rural areas. Mean DBP was 76 mmHg, 78 mmHg in men and 75 mmHg in women, respectively. The average DBP was separately 74, 79, and 79 mmHg in groups of adults aging 18-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years old. The average DBP was both 76 mmHg in urban and rural areas.@*Conclusion@#The average SBP and DBP was different between the mercury sphygmomanometer and converted electronic device. However, the results from both measures showed that the blood pressure was higher in men than in women, the blood pressure increased with the increase of age, and there was no difference between urban and rural areas.

Incidence and mortality analysis of lung cancer among residents in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1993 to 2012 / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To determine the prevalence, disease burden, and possible causes of lung cancer. Population-based lung cancer registration data collected from 1993 to 2012 were used to analyze the lung cancer epidemic status in Qidong City. Methods:Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the trend of incidence and mortality for lung cancer. Age-period-cohort model was used to assess the effects of age and exposure on the incidence and mortality rates. Results:Upward trends were observed both for the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer. The risk of incidence and mortality increased with age. According to the cohort effect, the risk of lung cancer increased with recent birth dates. Women had higher risk than men. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality rates of pulmo-nary neoplasms have annually increased, and the exposure to risk factors for lung cancer gradually increases. Among the community population in Qidong City, people over 70 years belong to the high-risk groups.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults in 2010-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults.Methods Cross-sectional data on 104 098 men and women aged 18 years or above was gathered from 150 monitoring sites from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities from the China National Health and Nutrition Surveillance (2010-2012) Project.Data was randomly selected by multi-stage stratified and Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) cluster random sampling method.Prevalence of MS was defined under the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society (CDS).Complex sampling weighing method was used with demographic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009,when calculating the prevalence and its 95％CI of MS.Results The overall prevalence rate of the MS among adults was 11.0％,more seen in urban than in rural areas,and in men than in women.The prevalence showed a parallel increasing trend with age.As was observed in the comparison between the prevalence of four components of MS,the prevalence rates of dyslipidemia (33.7％) and overweight or obesity (32.3％) showed more serious than in hypertension (22.4％) or hyperglycemia (16.2％).Conclusion The prevalence of MS among adults in China showed an increasing trend which had already become a significant public health problem,in the country.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults in 2010-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults.Methods Cross-sectional data on 104 098 men and women aged 18 years or above was gathered from 150 monitoring sites from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities from the China National Health and Nutrition Surveillance (2010-2012) Project.Data was randomly selected by multi-stage stratified and Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) cluster random sampling method.Prevalence of MS was defined under the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society (CDS).Complex sampling weighing method was used with demographic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009,when calculating the prevalence and its 95％CI of MS.Results The overall prevalence rate of the MS among adults was 11.0％,more seen in urban than in rural areas,and in men than in women.The prevalence showed a parallel increasing trend with age.As was observed in the comparison between the prevalence of four components of MS,the prevalence rates of dyslipidemia (33.7％) and overweight or obesity (32.3％) showed more serious than in hypertension (22.4％) or hyperglycemia (16.2％).Conclusion The prevalence of MS among adults in China showed an increasing trend which had already become a significant public health problem,in the country.

Advances of lncRNA in immune cells and autoimmune diseases / 中国药科大学学报

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a newly identified non-coding RNA subfamily with various regulatory functions.Recent evidence has shown the fundamental role of long noncoding RNAs in affecting the development of diseases at different levels,from gene modification,transcriptional regulation to protein transla tion.The study on lncRNA has made great progress in the studies of genomic imprinting,cancer diseases and neurodegenerative disorders,while the research relevant to autoimmune diseases has just staaed recently,However,many lncRNAs have been identified to involve in immune cells proliferation,differentiation and maturation,acting as the key regulators in immune homeostasis and autoimmune diseases.This review is focused on the advances of lncRNA in immune cells and autoimmune diseases.