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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234210

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Now-a-days, Smartphone offers people great opportunities and luxuries. According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI); in 2021, India had roughly 180.96 million mobile users, and issues by mobile phone use have been significantly increased in recent years Nomophobia is a modern phobia that appeared in this digital era. It is the conjunction of "nonmobile" and "phobia� and refers to the worry, anxiety, and discomfort associated with not having a mobile device when needed. The objectives of this study are to understand (a) prevalence of nomophobia in medical students; (b) association of Nomophobia with self-esteem among medical students; and (c) association of nomophobia with life satisfaction among medical students. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, self-assessable questionnaire-based study. 700 students (pursuing MBBS, internship or residency) from the government medical college, Bhavnagar were enrolled. The participants were assessed by proforma containing demographic details, a questionnaire of Nomophobia (NMPQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The statistical analysis was done with Graph Pad Instat version 3.06 (San Diego, California, US). Proportions were compared by using the Chi-square test while NMPQ, RSES, and SWLS scores were compared by the Students t test. Results: We found all participants had some degree of nomophobia (29% mild, 31.29% moderate, and 5.43% severe). Nomophobia had a significant association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life. Conclusions: Participants with nomophobia are more likely to experience low self-esteem and poor satisfaction with life.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229151

RÉSUMÉ

Colour plays an important role in consumer’s perception and acceptability of the food product. Therefore, colour measurement and analysis is one of the most important quality attributes to optimize the quality and value of food. Different blends of gluten-free maize flour, finger millet (Ragi) flour and quinova flour were used as raw materials for the development of pasta. Hunter Lab Colorimeter was used for measuring the surface color of the uncooked pasta samples. High quality pasta (either fresh or dried) is normally yellow in colour and the degree of yellowness can be calculated by using b* and L* values. Quality of pasta developed by different blend ratio of maize, ragi and quinova flours with different levels of CMC, Karaya Gum and dried at different drying temperature and air flow rates were evaluated in terms of L* values (lightness), b* values (yellowness) and Yellowness Index (YI). Results of colour analysis of gluten-free pasta samples indicated a significant effect of flours on L*, b* and YI while drying air temperature have a significant effect on b* values. Pasta samples prepared following optimized formulation 50:25:25 (Maize flour: Ragi, flour: Quinova flour) blend ratio, 5g CMC per 100g of blend ratio, 2.5g Karaya Gum per 100g of blend ratio, 60 0C drying air temperature and 0.78 m/sec. air flow rate provided optimum L*, b* and YI values with overall desirability of 0.545.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234508

RÉSUMÉ

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors originating from the neural crest tissue. They are characteristically located in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum; and are rarely found in the adrenal gland. GNs are usually hormonally inactive, and most of the cases are detected incidentally. We report a case of 25-year-old female who presented with pain abdomen in the right upper quadrant. Imaging studies showed a large well defined hypodense lesion with calcification measuring 14.5×11.5×11cm in the region of right adrenal gland and a possibility of adrenocortical carcinoma was suggested. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy and histopathological examination revealed ganglioneuroma. This report emphasizes that GN can be misdiagnosed preoperatively as the presenting symptoms are nonspecific and imaging characteristics are variable. Histopathological examination is the mainstay of diagnosis.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233302

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Rapid detection and early re-exploration is the key to salvage congested flap. Various methods have been described in literature to monitor flaps in post operative period. We evaluate the efficacy of measurement of flap and fingertip blood glucose level and its role in predicting the flap congestion and salvage. Methods: prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre in North India between December 2020 to December 2022. A total of patients 500 underwent 507 free tissue transfer were included in this study. Flap congestion was noted clinically in 41 flaps. In these 41 flaps, flap and fingertip blood glucose level were measured. Results: Congested appearing flaps divided into 2 groups. Group A consist of 8 flaps out of 41. The difference in flap and fingertip blood glucose level is less than 10%. Out of 8, 5 does not required re-exploration and were successfully salvaged. In 3 flaps, difference in flap and fingertip glucose level rises with time and were taken for re-exploration. Out of these 3, 2 were successful salvaged. Group B consist of 31 flaps. In these 31 flaps, 41. the difference in flap and fingertip blood glucose level is more than 10%. All these flaps were re-explored and 21 were salvaged. Conclusions: Flap and body glucose level monitoring is a simple and reliable method for flap monitoring and it can be performed by residents as well as nursing staff.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233126

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Rapid detection and early re-exploration is the key to salvage congested flap. Various methods have been described in literature to monitor flaps in post operative period. We evaluate the efficacy of measurement of flap and fingertip blood glucose level and its role in predicting the flap congestion and salvage. Methods: prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre in North India between December 2020 to December 2022. A total of patients 500 underwent 507 free tissue transfer were included in this study. Flap congestion was noted clinically in 41 flaps. In these 41 flaps, flap and fingertip blood glucose level were measured. Results: Congested appearing flaps divided into 2 groups. Group A consist of 8 flaps out of 41. The difference in flap and fingertip blood glucose level is less than 10%. Out of 8, 5 does not required re-exploration and were successfully salvaged. In 3 flaps, difference in flap and fingertip glucose level rises with time and were taken for re-exploration. Out of these 3, 2 were successful salvaged. Group B consist of 31 flaps. In these 31 flaps, 41. the difference in flap and fingertip blood glucose level is more than 10%. All these flaps were re-explored and 21 were salvaged. Conclusions: Flap and body glucose level monitoring is a simple and reliable method for flap monitoring and it can be performed by residents as well as nursing staff.

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227115

RÉSUMÉ

Background: When a severe heart attack called a ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not treated, heart muscle is killed per minute. Hence, early detection and treatment are essential for patient survival. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy for detection of (a) the ST elevation myocardial infarction of smartphone 12 lead ECG system in comparison to 12 lead gold standard hospital ECG machine; and (b) classification of STEMI in smartphone ECG and hospital ECG. Methods: This prospective, cross sectional study, non-randomised, single blinded and single-center study was carried out at Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital (SMIH), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India from 30 May 2022 to 17 January 2023. All patients (n=154) with chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitation under the observations before and after the Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) like Coronary angioplasty, bypass surgery were enrolled from Critical care unit (CCU) and intensive critical care unit (ICCU). Results: Mean age (SD) was 53.90±11.7 years. The male gender (83.12%) shows the maximum frequency than female gender. True positive cases derived from confusion matrix for 12 lead standard ECG and smartphone ECG in comparison to cardiologist diagnosis was 113 as compared to 129 from 12 lead Gold standard. Sensitivity of smartphone Spandan ECG (87.5%) was comparable to gold standard 12 lead ECG (98.4%). And, specificity and PPV of smartphone Spandan ECG was recorded to be better than gold standard 12 Lead ECG. STEMI was detected correctly in 132 (86.3%) cases and 141 (80.85%) cases by smartphone ECG and 12 lead Gold standard, respectively. Conclusions: Spandan ECG device scored a high accuracy and sensitivity. The overall accuracy of smartphone ECG in detecting the STEMI increased by 5.45%, i.e. the significance rise in accuracy of computer interpretation when compared to the cardiologists’ diagnosis.

7.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-226634

RÉSUMÉ

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease, associated with altered cell?mediated immunological function. It has been characterised by long?term evolution, repeated exacerbations, sometimes painful and resistant to treatment, or even all of these. OLP significantly affects quality of patient's life. There is a higher risk of malignant transformation accompanied with OLP and similar appearing oral lichenoid lesions. Current OLP therapy aims at eliminating all mucosal?related lesions reduce symptomatology and decrease the risk of oral cancer. This review summarizes recent treatment modalities used in the management of OLP which includes corticosteroids, immunomodulatory agents, retinoids, ultraviolet irradiation and/or laser therapy, herbal remedies. In addition, focus is also given upon adopting holistic approach in such patients by emphasizing on stress management.

8.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233092

RÉSUMÉ

Background: For the identification of arrhythmia and abnormal instances, researchers are examining the reliability of the interpretation offered by smartphone-based portable ECG monitors. The indicator of an unclear alteration in the electrical activity of the heart is a cardiac abnormality. As a result, its early and accurate identification can avoid myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death. Objectives of this study were to evaluate and validate the Spandan 12 lead ECG interpretation for accuracy in detection of the cardiac arrhythmias in comparison to the cardiologist diagnosis, and to evaluate the accuracy of the arrhythmia detection of Spandan ECG in comparison to the 12 lead ECG machine. Methods: This cross-sectional study, non-randomised, single blinded and single-center study was carried out at Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital (SMIH), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India from 1st August 2022 to 31st January 2023. All patients (n=312) visiting the electrocardiogram (ECG) room at the department of cardiology of the SMIH, Dehradun with the prescription of ECG screening during the study period were included in the study were included in the study. Results: In total, 1528 patients with or without a history of cardiovascular disease were enrolled from outpatient and emergency departments of cardiology. A final total of 312 participants considered for accuracy of interpretation of cardiac arrhythmias detected by the standard 12 lead ECG and smartphone ECG in comparison to cardiologists’ diagnosis. Mean age (SD) was 53.90±14.52 years. The male gender (68.78%) showed the maximum frequency than female gender. True Positive cases derived from confusion matrix for 12 lead standard ECG and smartphone ECG in comparison to cardiologist diagnosis was 264 as compared to 273 from 12 lead gold standard. Sensitivity of smartphone Spandan ECG (81.23%) was comparable to gold standard 12 Lead ECG (81.49%). And, specificity, PPV and NPV of smartphone Spandan ECG was recorded to be better than gold standard 12 Lead ECG. Arrhythmia was detected correctly in 403 (70.8%) cases and 431 (61.86%) cases by smartphone ECG and 12 lead gold standards, respectively. Conclusions: Spandan ECG device scored a high accuracy and sensitivity and high specificity. The overall accuracy of smartphone ECG in detecting the rhythm abnormalities increase by 9%, the significance rises in accuracy of computer interpretation when compared to the cardiologist’s diagnosis.

9.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2023 Mar; 67(1): 15-20
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223972

RÉSUMÉ

Objectives: Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated or normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Statins and anti-diabetic medication are coprescribed for optimal control. Materials and Methods: The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 4-mg and Fenofibrate 200 mg in combination with low dose Atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with DD. Run-in period of 4 weeks for life-style and diet modification followed by 12 weeks of treatment with saroglitazar or fenofibrate and low dose of atorvastatin was followed. Primary outcome of this study was an absolute change in serum triglyceride level at baseline and end of treatment period (12 weeks). Secondary outcome was changed from baseline lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the end of treatment period. Safety assessment was also done during the duration of study. Results: Forty patients of DD were randomly divided into two groups. One group received Saroglitazar 4 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Patients in second group received Fenofibrate 200 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Improvement in deranged lipid levels in both the groups was observed and this difference in improvement statistically was not found to be significant. We also observed that Saroglitazar significantly improves glycaemic profile by decreasing fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1c (P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Adverse events reported during this study were mild and none of the patients reported serious adverse events. Conclusion: Saroglitazar could be a potential drug to control both hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in patients with DD.

10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233046

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Morbidity and mortality from chronic lung diseases are increasing worldwide. A combination of various cytological and histopathological techniques are required for the high diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to evaluate and compare diagnostic accuracy of fiberoptic bronchoscope aided cytohistological techniques such as BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), TBNA (Transbronchoscopic needle aspiration) and FB (forceps biopsy) in diseases of lung. Method: A prospective study conducted on 100 patients with symptoms and signs of various respiratory diseases who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Diagnostic accuracy of various samples alone and in combination were analysed. Results: Sensitivity of BAL-24%, TBNA 64% and FB 66%. Addition of BAL to FB increased the sensitivity to 69%. Addition of BAL to TBNA increased the sensitivity to 70%. Sensitivity of cytological methods (FB and TBNA) 90%. Addition of both BAL and TBNA to FB increased overall senstivity to 93%. FB the most specific amongst the three techniques with specificity of 94% followed by TBNA (59.4%) and BAL (50%). Conclusions: There are variable results regarding diagnostic yields and utilities of various fibre-optic bronchoscope aided cytohistological techniques but there combination adds the yields. Thus a combination of various cytohistological samples should be taken in a patient undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination to increase the diagnostic yield, to cut short the diagnostic time and early start of treatment.

11.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2022 Dec; 66(4): 276-285
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223967

RÉSUMÉ

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the success rate of local application of iodoform-based obturating material (Pulpotec – [Produits Dentaires S.A., Switzerland]) and clindamycinmodified triple antibiotic paste (ClinM-TAP) in pulp chamber using minimally invasive endodontic treatment of carious primary molars indicated for pulpectomy, for 12 months, using clinical and radiographic parameters. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted in 60 children in the age group of 3–8 years reporting carious primary molars with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis and pulpal involvement clinically, allocated into Group 1 (30) and Group 2 (30). In Group 1, Lesion sterilisation and tissue repair (LSTR) was done using Pulpotec (Produits Dentaires S.A., Switzerland) as medicament and in Group 2, ClinM-TAP (Clindamycinmodified triple antibiotic paste) was used as medicament. Clinical follow-up was done at 3, 6 and 12 months; radiographic follow-up was done at 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters compared were tenderness on percussion, spontaneous pain, intraoral swelling and sinus/fistula. Radiographic comparison was done based on furcation radiolucency, root resorption and bone regeneration. Both intergroup and intragroup statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test or Fisher exact test, Cochran’s Q Test and Mann–Whitney U-Test for the test of significance. All the statistical tests were performed at 5% significance level. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 5.25 ± 1.3years with 45% males and 55% females. Both groups showed significant improvement in terms of clinical symptoms from baseline to 12 months. On intergroup comparison clinical parameters, TOP was present in 11.2% and 44% of cases at the end of 12 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0 0.05). On intergroup comparison of radiographic parameters, at the end of 12 months, furcation radiolucency was seen in 32% and 73% (P < 0.05) and root resorption was seen in 16% and 30% cases in Group 1 and 2, respectively (P > 0.05). Overall clinical success rate of Group 1 and Group 2 was 88% and 50%, respectively (P < 0.05) and radiographic success rate was 60% and 27%, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LSTR using Pulpotec as a medicament has shown promising results in the present study. It could be a better alternative to conventional endodontic treatment in primary teeth. In the present study, ClinM-TAP has shown poor radiographic success; hence, it should be used with caution.

12.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-217737

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are electrical potential differences recorded from the occipital lobe in response to different visual stimulus. In myopic individuals, there is blurring of the stimuli, causing defocusing which tends to affect the VEP parameters. Aim and Objective: The study was designed and done to evaluate the effect of various degrees of myopia on VEP in medical students of age 18–24 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 subjects were included in this study, consist of 60 individuals without having any refractive disorders and 60 individuals having various degree of myopia, that is, 22 subjects with mild myopia of <?3D, 26 subjects with moderate myopia of ?3 to ?6D, and 12 subjects with severe myopia of > ?6D. The study was approved by Ethical and Research Committee, Govt. Medical College, Patiala. Results: In the present study, mean values for P100 latency were significantly high in myopic group as than in control group. Furthermore, mean values for N75 latency were significantly high in the myopic group as compared to the control group and mean values for N145 latency were significantly high in the myopic group as compared to the control group for both the right and left eyes. Mean values for amplitude (N75-P100) was significantly lower for the myopic group as compared to the control group for both the left and right eyes. There is prolongation of latencies in myopic individuals as compared to the control and latencies increase with the increase in degree of myopia. Furthermore, there is decrease in the amplitude in myopic individuals and it decreases with the increase in degree of myopia. Conclusion: The mean values for latencies were found to be comparable and the mean values of latencies were found to be increasing with increase of degree of myopia. Probably, the reason behind this result may be the optical blurring of the stimulus which lead to defocusing, therefore causes the prolongation of latency. The mean values for amplitude were found to be comparable and the mean values of amplitude were found to be decreasing with increase of degree of myopia. Probably, the reason for our finding is that in a pattern reversal VEP, the amplitude relies on the visual system’s ability to determine the pattern and on the degree of retinal image focus.

13.
Indian J Prev Soc Med ; 2022 Sept; 53(3): 216-220
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-224017

RÉSUMÉ

In last three decades, more than 30 new infectious agents have been detected worldwide and out of which more than 60% have been found to be zoonotic in origin. Monkeypox disease is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Human monkeypox was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a 9month-old boy in a region where smallpox had been eliminated in 1968. First outbreak of human monkeypox outside Central and Western African region was detected in 2003 in United States of America which was linked to contact with the infected pet prairie dog. The latest Monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries started from May 2022 and have been reported from 89 member states across all six WHO regions. India reported first case of Monkeypox on 14 th July 2022.

14.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-221932

RÉSUMÉ

Background: The price of medicine in India has always been a point of discussion in public domain. The price range of the same drug is very large with more than 100% difference between various brands available in different settings. Aims and Objectives: To assess the price of different drugs at Jan Aushasdhi (JA), AMRIT and Private Chemist and to compare the prices of these three outlets so that the issues. Material and Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2019 to June 2019. A pretested proforma was prepared to compare the prices of 284 different medicines in Jan Aushadhi, AMRIT and private chemist shops. The collected data were entered in an Excel spreadsheet and presented in Proportions, percentages, and mean. Results: The price of 284 medicines were compared from JA (Median(IQR)- 15.18(18.75) INR) and Private chemist shop (Median(IQR)-88(111.5) INR) while 249 medicine from AMRIT (Median(IQR)-61.05(78.33) INR). Although the majority of the AMRIT drugs are cheaper than the chemist shop except for 31% of Antipsychotic drugs, 26.6% of antihypertensives, 25% of respiratory drugs, 25% of steroids, 21.9% of antibiotics. Conclusion: We concluded that JA is providing drugs cheaper than AMRIT and Private chemist . The prices of medicines offered at AMRIT are lower than market pricing but they are costlier when compared to JA prices.

15.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-217435

RÉSUMÉ

Background: To decrease morbidity in patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign lesions, oophorectomy should not be done. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of surgical and natural menopause on menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in gynecology outpatient department from June 2019 to June 2020. A total of 200 postmenopausal women were selected between the age group of 40 and 55 years and then divided into two main groups – Group A (100), that is, natural menopause and Group B (100), that is, surgical menopause. Interviews were conducted about menopausal symptoms, using a standard questionnaire and were modified for yes or no response. The women were asked about symptoms such as hot flashes, sweating, vaginal dryness, dryness of skin, decreased libido, poor memory, depression, and musculoskeletal pain. Results: The study showed that menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain were more common in women with surgical menopause as compared to women with natural menopause. The rate of hot flashes and sweating was more in surgical menopause group, that is, 81% and 82%, respectively, as compared to 52% and 50%, respectively, in natural menopause group. The musculoskeletal pain was more significant in Group B as compared to Group A, especially low back and upper back which were present in 55% and 42%, respectively, in Group B as compared to 43% and 41%, respectively, in Group A. Conclusion: As the menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain are more common in patients with surgical menopause thereby increasing the morbidity, so oophorectomy should not be done in patients who are undergoing hysterectomy for benign lesions. Therefore, treatment of osteoporosis and hormone replacement therapy is recommended after surgery to decrease the menopausal and musculoskeletal symptoms within the 1st year of menopause.

16.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219790

RÉSUMÉ

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a term that encompasses all degrees of decreased renal function, from damaged–at risk through mild, moderate, and severe chronic kidney failure. CKD is now a public health problem affecting an estimated 10-13% of the world population. The Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) define CKD as either structural or functional kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a broader, newly defined term to define the mineral, bone, hormonal, and calcific cardiovascular abnormalities occurring in CKD. Ours study aims to evaluate the prevalence CKD-MBD in CKD stages 3, 4 and 5. Material And Methods:Ours is a retrospective observational study involving Patients >18 years known cases of CKD as per KDIGO guidelines with a minimum follow up duration of 3 or more months. Result:Our study population had a mean age of 52.8 years with male preponderance (72%). All of the patients had some form of MBD present. Conclusion:Our study was able to demonstrate a very high prevalence of CKD-MBD in patients of CKD indicating a need for better understanding the factors behind MBD in Indian patients and the need to emphasize on preventing and treating MBD in patients.

17.
Article de Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922748

RÉSUMÉ

@#Introduction: To evaluate the trends of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the first three weeks after uncomplicated total hip (THR) and total knee (TKR) arthroplasty/replacement in the Indian population and to compare it with available literature. Material and methods: A total of 90 patients were enrolled for this prospective study, of which 30 were unilateral THR, 30 were unilateral TKR (U/L TKR) and 30 were simultaneous bilateral TKR (B/L TKR). Serum CRP and ESR were measured on the day before surgery and postoperatively on day 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 12th, and at the end of 3rd week. Results: CRP showed a peak at day 2nd with normalisation to pre-operative value by the end of 3rd week. While ESR showed a peak on day 3rd and continued to remain elevated even at end of 3rd week post-operatively. Both mean CRP and ESR values were higher in THR patients followed by in B/L TKR and then in U/L TKR patients. Conclusion: CRP persists to be the best acute phase reactant in the early post-operative phase with a relatively typical pattern as compared to ESR. CRP values peak at postoperative day 2nd and then show a gradual decline. However, its normalisation to pre-operative baseline values may vary among different groups of population.

18.
Indian J Public Health ; 2020 Mar; 64(1): 72-74
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-198184

RÉSUMÉ

Complete postexposure prophylaxis with 4 doses of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) in a previously vaccinated (nonna飗e) individual results in administration of two extra ARV doses resulting in wastages of precious resources comprising vaccine logistics, human resources, physician, and patient time. This cross-sectional study conducted in a secondary care hospital in Delhi among 175 incident animal bite cases observed 39 (22.3%) had an animal-bite history within the previous 5 years. A total of 19 (10.8%) cases reported a history of complete ARV vaccination during a previous animal-bite exposure. However, in the absence of supportive patient medical documentation, all the animal bite cases without exception were prescribed a full course of ARV irrespective of their previous exposure status. Rabies immunoglobulins (anti rabies serum) were also re-administered in 13 (81.2%) cases. National guidelines for rabies prophylaxis should, therefore, consider the inclusion of an explicit decision-making algorithmic mechanism when the health-care provider is confronted with this situation carrying the potential for hidden vaccine wastage.

19.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-198694

RÉSUMÉ

Background: The frequent surgical interventions of thoracic spine are more common due to a wide array oftraumatic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. For successful surgical management of these conditions, adetailed anatomical knowledge of the thoracic vertebrae is required.Aim: The aim of this study was to present a morphometric reference database for Pedicle morphometry of typicalthoracic vertebrae in Indian population.Material and methods: The study was conducted on 120 dry human typical (T2-T8) thoracic vertebrae selectedfrom the bone bank of the Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College Hospital and research institute, Gurugram.Linear measurements of the vertebrae were taken with the help of digital Vernier caliper .Statistical Analysis:Mean and standard deviation of the morphometric parameters taken into account were analyzed. The comparisonof morphometric dimensions of the right and left sides was performed using Student’s t-test and p-value wascalculated.Results: The morphometric analysis of the thoracic vertebrae demonstrated that the Pedicle height (PH) was10.35 ± 1.22 mm and Pedicle Width (PW) was 5.65±2.06mm.Conclusion: The results provide a comprehensive database for more accurate modelling and design of vertebralbody implants and instrumentations for Indian population.

20.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-191935

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Immunization is safe, powerful and proven tool for elimination and controlling various highly infectious diseases and in spite of every possible effort put by the Government still there is a big gap between reported and evaluated coverage. Aims & Objectives: To find out the immunization coverage and its determinants among children in the age group 12 – 23 months in urban and rural area of district Ambala. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out by WHO recommended 30 by 7 cluster survey technique. Results: It was observed that overall 83.1% children were fully immunized, 14% were partially immunized and 2.9% were unimmunized. In present study Educational status of mothers, Occupation of mothers, Religion, Sex, Monthly Family Income and Caste were found to be significantly associated with immunization coverage. “Fear of side effects” of vaccination was found to be the main reason for failure to fully immunize the child. Conclusion: To conclude, immunization coverage was found to be reasonably but still there is a lot of scope for improvement.

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