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OBJECTIVES@#To develop a risk prediction model for severe adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) in children, and to explore the appropriate timing for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for severe AVP.@*METHODS@#Medical data of 1 046 children with AVP were retrospectively analyzed, and a risk prediction model for severe AVP was established using multivariate logistic regression. The model was validated with 102 children with AVP. Then, 75 children aged ≤14 years who were considered at risk of developing severe AVP by the model were prospectively enrolled and divided into three groups (A, B and C) in order of visit, with 25 children in each group. Group A received symptomatic supportive therapy only. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group B received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days, before progressing to severe AVP. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group C received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1 g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days after progressing to severe AVP. Efficacy and related laboratory indicators were compared among the three groups after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Age<18.5 months, underlying diseases, fever duration >6.5 days, hemoglobin level <84.5 g/L, alanine transaminase level >113.5 U/L, and co-infection with bacteria were the six variables that entered into the risk prediction model for severe AVP. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862, sensitivity of 0.878, and specificity of 0.848. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good consistency between the predicted values and the actual observations (P>0.05). After treatment, group B had the shortest fever duration and hospital stay, the lowest hospitalization costs, the highest effective rate of treatment, the lowest incidence of complications, the lowest white blood cell count and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels, and the highest level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk model for severe AVP established in this study has good value in predicting the development of severe AVP. IVIG therapy before progression to severe AVP is more effective in treating AVP in children.
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Enfant , Humains , Immunoglobulines par voie veineuse/usage thérapeutique , Études prospectives , Études rétrospectives , Infections à Adenoviridae/traitement médicamenteux , Pneumopathie virale/traitement médicamenteux , AdenoviridaeRésumé
Human breast milk-derived exosomes (HMDEs) are newly discovered active signaling vesicles in breast milk, which are rich in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These exosomes play an essential role in the development and maturation of the intestinal mucosal barrier in newborns. In addition, HMDEs possess distinctive properties that allow for remodeling and modification, thereby are expected to provide more efficient prevention and treatment strategies for neonatal intestinal diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the origin, isolation, identification, labeling, structural features, composition, and biological functions, and their unique impact on the intestinal mucosal barrier function in newborns.
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BackgroundType 1 diabetes is caused by a chronic immune response that destroys islet beta cells, resulting in elevated blood glucose. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent and treat the development of diabetes and its complications. However, little is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in preventing diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of GMSCs in preventing type 1 diabetes in mice and to find targets for clinical treatment of diabetes. MethodsWe injected human GMSCs into NOD mice to observe the trend of blood glucose, observed the survival of pancreatic β-cells by immunohistochemistry, and detected the change of immune cells in the spleen of mice by flow analysis. Finally, the immune cells in NOD mice were transfused into NOD-SCID mice to observe the onset of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ResultsGMSCs significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice, with 64% of control mice developing diabetes at 27 weeks of age compared with 35% in the GMSC group, P=0.013. The percentage of Follicular B cells(FO B cell) in the spleen of GMSCs-treated mice decreased from (52.2±4.1)% to (43.2±5.3)%, P=0.008, while other types of immune cells did not change significantly. The immunohistochemical results showed that GMSCs could effectively improve the survival of pancreatic β-cells, which could continuously produce insulin to control blood glucose. Finally, we found the spleen cells transfusion could prevent the development of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ConclusionGMSCs can reduce diabetes in mice by reducing FO B cells in the spleen.
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Objective: To establish a method for the determination of butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace by gas chromatography. Methods: In March 2020, butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace was collected by silica gel, eluted with methanol, separated and determined by gas chromatogram with flame ionization detector, the characteristics of determination of nitrile and isobutyronitrile by gas chromatography were analyzed. Results: The limit of detection for butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile was 0.33 μg/ml. The linear range of butyronitrile determined by this method was 1.60-1600.00 μg/ml, y=2.295x-3.480, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99998, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.22 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L) . The within-run precisions were 2.43%-4.12%, the between-run precisions were 1.72%-3.70%, and the desorption rates were 93.26%-98.41%. The linear range of isobutyronitrile determined by this method was 1.52-1520.00 μg/ml, y=2.208x-0.102, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99998, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.22 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L) . The within-run precisions were 2.52%-3.22%, the between-run precisions were 1.20%-3.82%, and the desorption rates were 96.85%-102.50%. The sealed samples could be stored at least 10 days at room temperature without significant loss. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation. It is suitable for the simultaneous determination of butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace.
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Polluants atmosphériques d'origine professionnelle/analyse , Chromatographie en phase gazeuse/méthodes , Nitriles , Lieu de travailRésumé
To set the cultivation goal with adaptation to rural order-oriented medical students, the teaching mode of Human Parasitology was reformed in the context of curriculum ideological and political education. The new teaching mode not only enables students to harvest medical knowledge during the school education stage, but also plays a guiding role in cultivation of humanistic qualities and professional spirit, which provides a basis for cultivating general practitioners serving for grassroots healthcare.
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Adulterants and counterfeits were found in some of the commercial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions in Hongjin Xiaojie Jiaonang, Hongjin Xiaojie Pian, and Chaihuang Keli during the national drug sampling inspection. However, it was difficult to determine the species of the adulterants and counterfeits by conventional testing methods. Therefore, a total of 184 samples of the TCM decoctions and raw materials belong to the prescriptions of above mentioned traditional Chinese patent medicines, including Bupleuri Radix, Bajiaolian, Heimayi, and Shufuchong, were collected and authenticated by DNA barcoding technology. 111 ITS2 sequences were obtained from 115 commercial TCM decoctions and raw materials of Bupleuri Radix, among which 71 were Bupleurum chinense, three were B. scorzonerifolium, and 31 were closely related species in the same genus. In addition, counterfeits derived from different genera, such as Ailanthus altissima (one sample), Saposhnikovia divaricate (two samples), and Solidago decurrens (three samples), were also detected. 21 ITS2 sequences were obtained from 22 commercial TCM raw materials of Bajiaolian, among which 15 were Diphylleia sinensis and six were Dysosma versipellis and other species in genus Dysosma. For 22 Heimayi samples, PCR amplification of COI sequence was failed due to genomic DNA degradation. Among 38 Shufuchong samples, 24 COI sequences were obtained and only nine of them were the genuine species (Armadillidium vulgare) recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 11 were Porcellio laevis, two were Mongoloniscus sinensis, and two samples could not be identified due to the limitation of database. This study demonstrates that DNA barcoding technology is suitable for the species authentication of the decoctions of traditional Chinese patent medicine prescription. It is a conductive way for the establishment of traceability system for the whole TCM industrial chain.
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Objective: In order to assess ET more comprehensively, sonotubometry (STM)combined with CT images were applied to investigate the opening features of eustachian tube (ET) in normal subjects. STM was also used as a monitor training ET opening maneuver and optimizing CT scan parameters. Methods: Following ET opening training monitored by STM, STM data of ET opening duration and maximum sound pressure from 13 healthy volunteers (10 males and 3 females, 22 to 26 years old) were acquired using maneuvers of swallowing and Valsalva in standing and supine positions. Two trials of CT scan, setting A (slice thickness 6.0 mm, manually simulated to 0.6 mm, reconstruction thickness 0.6 mm) for normal and Valsalva scans and setting B(slice thickness 0.4 mm,reconstruction thickness 0.4 mm)for Valsalva scan, were conducted in each subject. The bone area and cartilage area of ET were measured respectively in reconstructed CT images. Statistical software SPSS 19.0 was employed in data analysis. Results: The duration of ET opening and maximum sound pressure by Valsalva were longer and stronger than those by swallowing in both positions. For Valsalva maneuver, standing position resulted in longer ET opening duration compared to supine position (P<0.05). Under setting A, ET cartilage area was measured larger by Valsalva scan than by normal scan (P<0.05). By Valsalva scan, setting A captured larger ET cartilage area compared to setting B (P<0.05). CT setting B resulted in longer scan time in comparison to setting A (P<0.05). Conclusions: Techniques of STM in supine position plus CT scan under setting A can be combined by Valsalva passive ET opening. Not only the invisible ET lumen through routine CT scan can be illustrated, but also relevant ET open-close process is shown, therefore, this study provides the technique for ET research of function and structure.
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Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Déglutition , Trompe auditive/imagerie diagnostique , Tomodensitométrie hélicoïdale , Tomodensitométrie , Manoeuvre de VasalvaRésumé
OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 15 kinds of vapor state organic acids in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography.METHODS: A total 15 kinds of vapor state organic acids such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid and pentanoic acid in the air of workplace were collected by silica gel, eluted with acetone, separated by DB-FFAP capillary chromatograph column, and detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship in the selected range of 15 kinds of organic acids. The coefficient correlation was 0.999 97-0.999 98. The limit of detection of this method was 0.04-0.29 mg/L, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.03-0.19 mg/m~(3 )(collected sample volume was 1.50 L). The average desorption efficiency was 92.9%-98.5%. The within-run and between-run relative standard deviation was 0.3%-1.6% and 1.5%-3.0%, respectively. The samples could be kept for at least 15 days at room temperature. CONCLUSION: The method is simple for operation, with high sensitivity, and good precision, which is suitable for simultaneous determination of 15 kinds of vapor state organic acids in the air of workplace and sites of emergency accident.
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Therapeutic nanoparticles are designed to enhance efficacy, real-time monitoring, targeting accuracy, biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, and the synergy of diagnosis and treatment of diseases by leveraging the unique physicochemical and biological properties of well-developed bio-nanomaterials. Recently, bio-inspired metal nanoclusters (NCs) consisting of several to roughly dozens of atoms (<2 nm) have attracted increasing research interest, owing to their ultrafine size, tunable fluorescent capability, good biocompatibility, variable metallic composition, and extensive surface bio-functionalization. Hybrid core-shell nanostructures that effectively incorporate unique fluorescent inorganic moieties with various biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, and antibodies), DNA, and specific cells, create fluorescently visualized molecular nanoparticle. The resultant nanoparticles possess combinatorial properties and synergistic efficacy, such as simplicity, active bio-responsiveness, improved applicability, and low cost, for combination therapy, such as accurate targeting, bioimaging, and enhanced therapeutic and biocatalytic effects. In contrast to larger nanoparticles, bio-inspired metal NCs allow rapid renal clearance and better pharmacokinetics in biological systems. Notably, advances in nanoscience, interfacial chemistry, and biotechnologies have further spurred researchers to explore bio-inspired metal NCs for therapeutic purposes. The current review presents a comprehensive and timely overview of various metal NCs for various therapeutic applications, with a special emphasis on the design rationale behind the use of biomolecules/cells as the main scaffolds. In the different hybrid platform, we summarize the current challenges and emerging perspectives, which are expected to offer in-depth insight into the rational design of bio-inspired metal NCs for personalized treatment and clinical translation.
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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects, changes in life span, and expression of various metabolism-related genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, using RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant strains, after 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) treatment. C. elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates, and their survival was monitored every 24 h. The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase (HK) genes. The average life span of C. elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group. hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA. After successfully interfering hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control. All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed, except cyp-35B3. The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious. The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A4, cyp-35B3, and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control. Thus, the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes, and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.
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Animaux , Caenorhabditis elegans/métabolisme , Protéines de Caenorhabditis elegans/génétique , Cytochrome P-450 enzyme system/génétique , Hexokinase/physiologie , Pyruvates/toxicité , ARN messager/analyseRésumé
Objective To understand the epidemiological features and changing patterns of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2014, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating the preventive and control strategy for intestinal parasitic diseases. Methods The data regarding the status of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province were captured from the 1989 national survey on the distribution of human parasites in China and the 2014 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the status of human intestinal parasite infections was compared between the two surveys in Jiangxi Province. Results The prevalence rate of human intestinal parasite infections was 79.59% and 9.64% in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, with a decline rate of 87.89% during the 25-year period (χ2 = 30 870.5, P < 0.01). There were 24 and 20 species of human intestinal parasites detected in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, respectively, with totally 26 species detected during the two surveys. In Jiangxi Province, the 3 most highly prevalent human intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (71.06%), hookworm (17.61%) and Enterobius vermicularis (17.59%) in 1989, and E. vermicularis (13.73%), hookworm (4.66%), whipworm (0.95%) in 2014. A higher rate of human intestinal parasite infections was found in females than in males in both surveys in Jiangxi Province (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections reduced by 82.50% to 95.31% in different age groups in Jiangsu Province during the 25-year period. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections shows a remarkable decline tendency in Jiangxi Province, and soil-transmitted nematodes remain the main species of human intestinal parasites in Jiangxi Province.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological features and changing patterns of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2014, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating the preventive and control strategy for intestinal parasitic diseases. Methods The data regarding the status of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province were captured from the 1989 national survey on the distribution of human parasites in China and the 2014 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the status of human intestinal parasite infections was compared between the two surveys in Jiangxi Province. Results The prevalence rate of human intestinal parasite infections was 79.59% and 9.64% in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, with a decline rate of 87.89% during the 25-year period (χ2 = 30 870.5, P < 0.01). There were 24 and 20 species of human intestinal parasites detected in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, respectively, with totally 26 species detected during the two surveys. In Jiangxi Province, the 3 most highly prevalent human intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (71.06%), hookworm (17.61%) and Enterobius vermicularis (17.59%) in 1989, and E. vermicularis (13.73%), hookworm (4.66%), whipworm (0.95%) in 2014. A higher rate of human intestinal parasite infections was found in females than in males in both surveys in Jiangxi Province (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections reduced by 82.50% to 95.31% in different age groups in Jiangsu Province during the 25-year period. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections shows a remarkable decline tendency in Jiangxi Province, and soil-transmitted nematodes remain the main species of human intestinal parasites in Jiangxi Province.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of TLR4 monoclonal antibody (TLR4mAb) on mmLDL induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in mouse mesenteric artery. METHODS: The experiment established three groups of normal saline group, mmLDL treatment group and TLR4mAb intervention group. The concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was achieved by microvascular tension mapping. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression level of protein and mRNA expressions in vascular tissues. In addition, ultra-structure of mesenteric artery endothelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: TLR4mAb could improve the damage of mmLDL induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, TLR4mAb obviously up-regulated protein expressions in KCa3.1-channel and KCa2.3-channel, and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, the improvement of mmLDL impaired vascular endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation might be correlated with its competitive antagonism of mmLDL-activated TLR4 signal transduction pathway and its downstream NF-κBp65 and p-38 MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION: Administration of TLR4mAb in advance can alleviate the impairment of endothelial cells and the decrease of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation induced by mmLDL, and inhibit the overexpression of inflammatory factors. Regulation of TLR4 pathway as well as its downstream NF-κBp65 and P-38 MAPK pathways may be effective targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) before liver transplantation.[Methods]The immunophenotypes of T-,B- cells,monocytes,dendritic cells(DC)and NK-cells in peripheral blood from 6 HCC patient who were ready to have liver transplantation and 6 healthy volunteers were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry.[Results]In the patients,the proportions of CD4+PD-1+T cells,Treg cell (CD4+CD25+CD39+T cells),CD19+B cells,Plasmablasts(CD27highCD38highIgD-IgM-),classical monocytes(CD14high CD16-)and mature NK-cells(CD3-CD56high)were all higher than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05).However, marginal zone B cell(CD27+IgD+),Non-switched B cells(CD27+CD38dimIgM+),intermediate monocytes(CD14high CD16+)and immature NK-cells(CD3-CD56+)were lower than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05). And there wasn't any obvious difference in quantity being observed among other cell types.[Conclusion]There was difference in the immunophenotypes of immune cells in peripheral blood between HCC patients before liver transplantation and healthy people.And this finding exerts important effects on monitoring the immune status of the patients after liver transplantation and guiding the administrations of immunosuppressors.
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The case-based teaching was inserted in the lecture-based teaching in clinical microbiol-ogy. The teachers conducted the case-based teaching through proper selection of cases, leading students to discuss and analyze cases. The students explored and reported from the cases independently. Finally, the teachers summarized and evaluated from the case-based teaching. The combination of case-based teaching and lecture-based study stimulated the students' interest in learning and motivation, consolidated their theoretical knowledge, cultivated their abilities of self-learning and clinical idea, and made the correlation between the theory and the clinical practice closely. These methods improved the teaching quality of clinical microbiology.
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Objective To explore the role of MyD88 in heterotopic tracheal transplantation in mice and its relationship with histopathological changes.Methods The mouse model of hetemtopictracheal transplantation was used.The mice were divided into three groups:(1) tracheal isograft of C57BL/6 to C57BL/6 mice;(2) tracheal allograft of BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice;(3) tracheal graft of BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice with MyD88 inhibitor treatment.The tracheal grafts were collected at indicated time points.Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.The pathological changes were observed and their semi-quantitative measurement was done with Image J software.Results (1) Pathological results showed that the structure of the trachea with MyD88 inhibitor treatment was clear and the loss of epithelial cells was significantly reduced as compared with the positive control group at the time of 7 and 14 days.(2) The results of semi-quantitative measurement showed that luminal occlusion rate of MyD88 inhibitor treatment group was significantly reduced as compared with the positive control group (P<0.01).However,the loss of epithelial cells was not improved 7 days after transplantation.Both of lumen occlusion rate (P<0.05) and epithelial cells loss (P<0.01) in MyD88 inhibitor treatment group were significantly reduced.Conclusion Inhibition of MyD88 molecule could significantly alleviate pathological changes of the transplanted trachea.Both of luminal occlusion rate and loss of epithelial cells were significantly ameliorated.
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A method for the simultaneous determination of sixteen mycotoxins in cogon rootstalk was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadropole mass spectrometry(UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile contained 1% acetic acid and purified by QuEChERS method. The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈column by gradient elution using methanol and 0.01% aqueous formic acid as mobile phase. The targeted compounds were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization(ESI)source operated in positive ionization mode. The linear relationships of the sixteen mycotoxins were good in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients(r)ranged among 0.996 2-1.000. The LOQs of the sixteen mycotoxins were between 0.03 and 186.68 μg•kg ⁻¹. The average recoveries ranged from 60.28% to 129.2% with relative standard deviations(RSDs)within 0.29%-11%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the mycotoxins quantification in cogon rootstalk.
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Objective Budd-Chiari syndrome is apt to be misdiagnosed,so we explore its diagnosis and treatment by liver transplantation.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two patients who underwent liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome.One patient was misdiagnosed before the transplantation and another was diagnosed correctly.Results Both patients were grouped to Child C category with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Patient 1 was diagnosed as recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma,but the etiology of liver disease was first unknown then suspected to be schistosomiasis.This patient underwent piggyback liver transplantation.Because there was significant swelling in the perineum and lower extremities after liver transplantation,we re-reviewed the preoperative imaging data and found communicant veins between hepatic veins,which proved that the patient was actually suffered from Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic vein and suprahepatic vena cava occlusion before the transplantation.After conservative treatment,the swelling of the lower body was alleviated,however,the long-term survival of the patient would be compromised.Learning from the first case,we found communicant veins between hepatic veins in imaging data of patient 2,resulting in correct diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic vein and retrohepatic vena cava diseases before the transplantation,so the patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation,in which the liver and retrohepatic vena cava were resected,and recovered uneventfully.Liver function was normal during the follow up period of 7 months.Conclusion We should consider the possibility of Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with unexplained end-stage liver diseases.Communicant veins between the hepatic veins shown in thin CT or MRI image are the characteristic sign for diagnosing Budd-Chiari syndrome.Simultaneously hepatic vein or cava vena disease determines the choice of various technique of liver transplantation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work organization based on a case-control study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 13 variables (P<0.1) were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance (P<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) of 'work changing with season' and 'sufficient rest time' did not reach 1 (0.749 and 0.441, respectively). In addition, 'sufficient rest time' seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And 'repetitive work every minute', 'constantly repetitive work' (every day), 'shortage of site personnel', and 'often switching shifts with others' seemed to be the risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.</p>
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Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Études cas-témoins , Loi du khi-deux , Chine , Épidémiologie , Études transversales , Lésions par microtraumatismes répétés , Épidémiologie , Démographie , Ingénierie humaine , Normes de référence , Modèles logistiques , Maladies ostéomusculaires , Épidémiologie , Maladies professionnelles , Épidémiologie , Affectation du personnel et organisation du temps de travail , Prévalence , Facteurs de risque , Saisons , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Tolérance à l'horaire de travail , Physiologie , Lieu de travailRésumé
Six flavonol glycosides were isolated and calibrated from Ginkgo biloba extract, and then used to calibrate the content in 2 baiches of G. biloba reference extract, so was rutin. RSD values of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-2-glu- coside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnop-yranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coum-aroyl) - glucoside were around 1.1%-4.6%, nevertheless, RSD values of quercetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were more than 5%. According to the results, the reference extract of G. biloba can be used as the substitute to determine rutin, kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-2-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside and kaempferol-3-0-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside instead of corresponding reference substances. So reference extract in place of single component reference in assay is feasible.