Postoperative Regulatory T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Stage I Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Underwent Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy or Thoracotomy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Regulatory T-cells (Treg) play key roles in suppressing cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. Little is known about perioperative Treg fluctuations in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy, as a minimal invasive procedure for treating NSCLC, may have relatively less impact on the patient's immune system. This study aimed to observe perioperative dynamics of circulating Treg and natural killer (NK) cell levels in NSCLC patients who underwent major lobectomy by VATS or thoracotomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 98 consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC were recruited and assigned into VATS or thoracotomy groups. Peripheral blood samples were taken on 1-day prior to operation, postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90. Circulating Treg and NK cell counts were assayed by flow cytometry, defined as CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low cells in CD4 + lymphocytes and CD56 + 16 + CD3- cells within CD45 + leukocytes respectively. With SPSS software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., USA), differences between VATS and thoracotomy groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between preoperative baseline and PODs in each group were evaluated by one-way ANOVA Dunnett t-test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, postoperative Treg percentages were lower than preoperative status. No statistical difference was found between VATS and thoracotomy groups on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 30. On POD 90, Treg percentage in VATS group was significantly lower than in thoracotomy group (5.26 ± 2.75 vs. 6.99 ± 3.60, P = 0.012). However, a higher level of NK was found on all PODs except on POD 90 in VATS group, comparing to thoracotomy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lower Treg level on POD 90 and higher NK levels on PODs 1, 3, 7, 30 in VATS group might imply better preserved cell-mediated immune function in NSCLC patients, than those in thoracotomy group.</p>

Drug resistance and associated factors on HIV in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the HIV drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients who had received highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAATR) in Liangshan prefecture and related factors.Methods This investigation was conducted from August to October 2010.Data on epidemiology,treatment,CD4 + T cell,viral load and drug resistance tests were collected.Results 233 (73.50％) had a viral load of ＜ 1000 copy/ml,with the median CD4+T cell count as 329 cell/μl.26 samples appeared to be drug resistant,with the rate as 8.20％.Among 84 patients with antiviral therapy failure,the overall drug resistance rate was 30.95％(26/84).While 24 (28.57％) were resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs.Among nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),7 (8.33％) were resistant.1 (1.19％) had protease inhibitor (PI)resistance mutations identified.Factors that significantly associated with drug resistance would include:being injecting drug users (A OR =3.37,95 ％ CI:1.06-10.66,P =0.0390),having had chronic diarrhea ＞1 month (AOR=8.38,95％ CI:1.87-37.69,P=0.0055),having had CD4+T cell＜200(AOR=3.48,95％CI:1.29-9.39,P=0.0139),being residents from Butuo area (AOR=17.68,95％ CI:4.97-62.86,P＜0.0001 ).When comparing with other areas,data from Butuo showed that people who carried Yi ethnicity (AOR=17.35,95％ CI:2.01-149.73,P=0.0095) and were literate (having had primary or higher levels of education) (AOR=0.18,95％ CI:0.08-0.42,P＜0.0001 ),being married or having cohabited relations (AOR=8.17,95％ CI:2.35-28.39,P=0.001 ) were found to be less adherent (AOR=0.05,95％ CI:0.02-0.13,P＜0.0001) to the treatment.Conclusion Successful antiviral outcomes were seen among those AIDS patients under treatment,in Liangshan prefecture.Resistance rates were significantly different in regions.For IDUs,enforcement on subjects including prevention on drug resistance,adherence to HAART and treatment for drug addiction should be strengthened and programs being integrated.

Factors associated with retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore factors associated with retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin addicts in Xichang of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 206 heroin addicts were first admitted to MMT community-based program between March to September 2004. Baseline data of patients characteristics, social function, drug using behaviors, sexual behaviors, dose of methadone and retention were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Up to Oct, 2005, all 206 patients contributed 8.98 +/- 5.74 person-months of following-up. The retention rates were 58.7% after 6 months and 34.6% after 12 months respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model indicated that the employed (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39 - 0.92), helping family to do housework in past 30 days more than once a day (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 - 0.82) and previous self-detoxification > or = 3 times (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47 - 0.91) were independently associated with retention.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We should give individual counseling to help heroin addicts increasing compliance.</p>

Relationship of HLA-A, -Cw Polymorphisms with HIV/AIDS in Chinese Yi Ethnic Group of Sichuan Province / 中国病毒学

The relationship of HLA-A, -Cw alleles on HIV infection and AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group of Sichuan province were investigated. The genetic polymorphisms of HLA-A, -Cw alleles of 102 unrelated healthy Chinese Yi ethnic individuals, 68 HIV-1 infected and 21 HIV positive long-time survivors were typed by PCR-SSP assay. Statistic signifiance was determined by the χ2 test with the SPSS software. No significant differences were observed between the HLA-A, -Cw alleles of the 68 HIV-1 infected and 102 non-infected Chinese Yi control individuals. Whereas the prevalence of A*3601,Cw*14(01-03)and Cw*0304 was significantly higher in 21 long time survivors compared with 102 healthy controls with P values of 0.016, 0.016 and 0.000 by χ2 or the Fisher exact test respectively. The result implies that A*3601,Cw*14(01-03) and Cw*0304 may be associated with slow AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group, further studies on this association may yield insight on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.

Elevated serum secretory type II phospholipase A2 in patients with coronary heart disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the serum level of secretory type II phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in patients with coronary heart disease and investigate the possible relationship with IL-8 and LPA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 110 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 63 patients with stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) group and 89 non-CHD control patients were studied. Serum levels of sPLA2, IL-8, LPA and hs-CRP were measured and the correlation among these parameters was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of serum sPLA2 [(68 +/- 17) U/ml], IL-8 [(182 +/- 80) pg/ml] and LPA [(2.85 +/- 0.36) micromol/L] were significantly higher in CHD patients than those in controls [sPLA2: (55 +/- 12) U/ml; IL-8: (119 +/- 33) pg/ml; LPA: (2.34 +/- 0.36) micromol/L, all P < 0.01], and sPLA2 and IL-8 were also significantly higher in ACS patients [sPLA2: (71 +/- 18) U/ml; IL-8: (195 +/- 78) pg/ml] than those in SCHD patients [sPLA2: (63 +/- 12) U/ml; IL-8: (159 +/- 79) pg/ml, both P < 0.01]. Serum sPLA2 level was positively correlated with hs-CRP, IL-8 and LPA (r = 0.203, P = 0.007; r = 0.658, P < 0.01; r = 0.231, P = 0.005, respectively). The relative risk of having CHD is 6.248 (P < 0.01) with the sPLA2 level above 63.75 U/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated serum sPLA2 level is a risk factor for CHD.</p>

Incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis as well as the rate of retention in a 6-month follow-up study of female sex workers in areas with heavy drug use in Xichang of Sichuan province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis incidence rates as well as the retention rate in a cohort with 6-month follow-up study among female sex workers (FSWs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December, 2004, to January, 2005, a community-based baseline survey was conducted to recruit 343 FSWs for a prospective cohort study in Xichang county of Sichuan province, China. Follow-up visits were conducted at 6 months to analyze risk factors associated with cohort retention for subjects' baseline sociodemographic and sexual behavioral characteristics. Blood specimens were also collected to test antibodies against HIV and syphilis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 6-month follow-up period, HIV and syphilis incidence appeared to be 1.00 per 100 person-years and 6.23 per 100 person-years, respectively. The rate of retention in the cohort was 53.6% (184/343). Results from multivariate logistic regression model showed that factors were significantly associated with cohort retention including people with minority ethnic background (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18-0.74), people having participated in AIDS prevention program (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.17-2.86) or being clients in the last 6 months > or = 50 (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.11-2.77) and having changed living/working place (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.94).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study showed that the syphilis incidence and unprotected sex behavior were high among local FSWs. People belonged to Han nationality, having participated in AIDS prevention program and having a steady living/working place were associated with cohort retention at 6-month follow-up study among FSWs, respectively.</p>

A prospective cohort study on human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis seroconversion among injecting drug users / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, HIV transmission and related risk factors among injecting drug users (IDUs) in an area of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In November 2002, a community-based baseline survey was conducted to recruit 333 HIV-seronegative IDUs for a prospective cohort study in Xichang county of Sichuan province, China. Follow-up visits were carried out every 6 months to study the situation of drug use, sexual behaviors of the IDUs and blood specimens were collected to test for antibodies against HIV and syphilis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During a 24-month follow-up period, cohort retention rate and HIV incidence were 75.7% and 2.53 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-3.97)], respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression model showed that risk factors which were significantly associated with HIV seroconversion would include: ethnicity (RR = 12.42; 95% CI: 2.72-56.74, P = 0.0012) and needle or syringe sharing in the past 3 months (RR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.29-12.81, P = 0.0168). Syphilis seroconversion in this cohort was 4.71 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.59-6.82). In multivariate Poisson regression being female (RR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.78-10.99, P = 0.0014) appeared to be the only factor which was significantly associated with syphilis seroconversion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study results showed that there was a rapid transmission of HIV and syphilis among IDUs in Sichuan province, suggesting that effective intervention should be urgently taken.</p>

Study on the function of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation to thrombosis on rabbit blood stasis model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation to thrombosis and pathology on rabbit blood stasis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty rabbits were ramdomly divided into normal group, model group, high dose group, low dose group and Xue Shuan Ning group. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), fibrinogen (Fbg) and D-dimer (DD) were investigated after those rabbits had been treated. One rot was solected randomly from each group to observe pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were significant differences in t-PA, PAI, Fbg and DD between normal group and other groups is very obvious (P < 0.01) . Between groups of high dose low dose Xue Shuan Ning and model, the statistical differeces were significant, as well as between groups of high dose, low dose and Xue Shuan Ning groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between high dose group and high dose group (P > 0.05). The pathological changes in model group were most serious, those in Xue Shuan Ning were less serious. There were slight pathological changes in high dose group and low dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Models ware made successfully. High dose group and low dose group have stronger effect on thrombosis than Xue Shuan Ning group.</p>

An imaging study using laminin peptide 99mTc-YIGSR in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The YIGSR is a pentapeptide, from the laminin-1 of the beta1 chain, which can mediate cell adhesion and bind the 67 kD laminin receptor. The purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of (99m)Tc-YIGSR, a novel tumour radiotracer, in the receptor imaging of Ehrlich ascites tumour.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using S-acetly-NH3-MAG3 as chelate, YIGSR, a pentapeptide from laminin, was tagged with (99m)Tc. (99m)Tc-YIGSR was detected in the tumour group bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour and blocked group. Tumour, normal, inflammatory and blocked groups were imaged.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through reverse phase Sep-Pak C18 chromatogram, it was revealed that YIGSR could conjugate with S-acetly-NH3-MAG3, and be radiolabelled at room temperature and neutral pH with a radiolabelling yield of 62%, and of 4% without chelate. (99m)Tc-YIGSR was rapidly cleared from kidney, then liver. The imaging findings showed tumour tissue accumulated initial radioactivity at fifteen minutes after injection in the tumour group, and the uptake increased to peak at three hours with a tumour/muscle ratio (T/M) of 11.36, then cleared slowly to a T/M of 7.50 at eight hours. The tumour uptake of radiotracer in blocked group was significantly lower with T/M of 4.61 at three hours and 0.89 at eight hours. The T/M was only 3.72 at three hours and 1.29 at eight hours after injection in inflammatory group. Compared with inflammatory group and control obstructive group, the ratio of T/M in tumour group was significantly different (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using S-acetly-NH3-MAG3, we radiolabelled YIGSR with (99m)Tc. (99m)Tc-YIGSR possesses many merits of tumour imaging: rapid visualization, high sensitivity and specificity, and satisfactory target/nontarget ratio. Our data suggest (99m)Tc-YIGSR is a promising tumour radiotracer.</p>

An 1-year prospective cohort study on mortality of injecting drug users / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mortality among injecting drug users (IDUs) from an IDUs cohort in Liangshan of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In November 2002, 376 injecting drug users were recruited and followed up for 1 year as part of a prospective cohort study. Socio-demographics and risk behaviors on drug use were recorded. After one year, the mortality rate was estimated and risk factors for mortality were analyzed using Cox regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of the original cohort of 376 participants, there were 28 reported and confirmed deaths during the one year follow-up period. The mortality rate of the cohort was 77.32 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 48.68 - 105.95) with the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) as 47.62 (95% CI: 31.63 - 68.71). Out of the 28 deaths, 64.3% (18/28) caused by overdoses of drug. No variables were found to be associated with death of all causes, but being un-married and >or= 9 year history of injecting drugs were found to be associated with overdose-related mortality in the final model of Cox regression. The hazard ratios were 4.51 (95% CI: 1.03 - 19.67) and 2.77 (95% CI: 1.10 - 7.00) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overdose served the most frequent cause of deaths in Liangshan of Sichuan province. Future studies should be conducted to focus on mortality and risk factors associated with mortality among IDUs to provide targeted interventions in reducing unnatural mortality.</p>

Ion-pair solid-phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC analysis of paraquat in biological sample / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an HPLC method for the determination of Paraquat in biological samples.@*METHODS@#Paraquat in biological samples was extracted by C18 columns which were pre-treated with cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and soudium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and analysed by HPLC/DAD.@*RESULTS@#The detection limit of the method was 1 ng x mL(-1), and the average recoveries were 81%-94%.@*CONCLUSION@#The method can be used to analysis of paraquat in biological samples.

Community-based survey on human immunodeficiency virus infection among injection drug users in Sichuan, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk factors for its transmission among injection drug users (IDUs) in Liangshan Yizu Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based survey was conducted to investigate demographic characteristics, pattern and frequency of sharing injection equipment, and sexual behaviors in IDUs. Blood samples were also collected from them to detect for antibodies against HIV and syphilis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 379 subjects were recruited with informed consent for study through community outreach and peer recruiting methods. Their prevalence of HIV infection was 11.3% (43/379). Ethnicity, frequency of sharing syringes and cotton swab during the past three months and syphilis infection associated with HIV infection by univariate analysis using chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed odds ratio of frequency of sharing syringes for HIV infection during the past three months was 2.28 (95% CI 1.18 - 4.43), and that for syphilis infection 3.10 (95% CI 1.48 - 6.48).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Frequency of sharing syringes during the past three months associated with syphilis and HIV infection.</p>

Study on function of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation on rabbits blood stasis model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation to thrombosis on rabbits blood stasis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, heavy dose group, slight dose group and xue shuan ning group. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), fibrinogen (Fbg) and D-dimer (DD) were investigated after those rabbits had been treated. One was selected randomly from each group to observe pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was significant difference in t-PA, PAI, Fbg and DD between normal group and other groups (P < 0.01). Among groups of heavy dose, slight dose, xue shuan ning and model, the statistical differences were significant, as well as among groups of heavy dose, slight dose and xue shuan ning (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between heavy dose group and slight dose group (P > 0.05). The pathological changes in model group were most serious, and those in xue shuan ning were less serious. There were slight pathological change in heavy dose group and light dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Models were made successfully. Heavy dose group and slight dose group have stronger effect on thrombosis than xue shuan ning group.</p>

Study on the relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and sharing injection equipment, sexual behavior among injecting drug users / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission through different modes of sharing injection equipment and sexual behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Liangshan of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based survey was conducted to investigate past and current demographic data, injection equipment sharing patterns and sexual behavior of IDUs. Blood samples were also taken to test for HCV. The survey was conducted between Nov 8 and Nov 29, 2002. 379 subjects were screened through outreach recruitment and peer informing. SPSS (11.5) was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HCV prevalence was 71.0% (269/379). Needles or syringes sharing in the past three months and past syphilis infection were strongly associated with HCV transmission after univariate analysis using chi-square test. Trend analysis indicated that HCV infection rate increased along with the increase of needles or syringes sharing, sharing of rinse water and the number of peers sharing the equipments. Data from multivariate logistic regression showed that sharing of needles or syringes and history of syphilis infection were significantly associated with HCV transmission. No significant difference was found between HCV infection and sexual behavior after univariate analysis using chi-square test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Further sero-epidemiological prospective cohort studies should be conducted to clarify the relationship between different modes of sharing injection equipment, sexual behavior and HCV infection.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor CCR5Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles in Chinese Yi Ethnic group in Sichuan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore genetic polymorphisms CCR5 of HIV coreceptor and CCR2 in Chinese Yi Ethnic group in Sichuan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA samples were obtained from 119 healthy individuals and 88 HIV-1 infected individuals of Chinese Yi Ethnic group in Sichuan. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and gene sequencing techniques were employed to identify the genotype of CCR5Delta32; PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and gene sequencing were employed to identify the CCR2-64I alleles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At CCR5 locus, 2 heterozygotes (CCR5-wt/Delta32) and none homozygote (CCR5-Delta32/Delta32) were observed in 119 healthy individuals, allelic frequency of CCR5-Delta32 was 0.84%; No mutant was found in 88 HIV-1 infected individuals. At CCR2 locus, 26 heterozygotes (CCR2-64V/64I) and two homozygotes (CCR2-64I/64I) were observed in healthy individuals but the allelic frequency CCR2-64I was 12.61%. Among infected individuals, 12 heterozygotes (CCR2-64V/64I) and 7 homozygotes (CCR2-64I/64I) were observed and the allelic frequency CCR2-64I was 13.27%. Statistical analysis revealed that the differences of both loci between healthy and infected individuals were insignificant. Both loci were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the two different groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphism of CCR5Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles from Chinese Yi Ethnic group was detected which was of significance for the evaluation of genetic resistance to HIV-1 infection in Chinese population.</p>

The study of yi-shen-huo-xue fang's effects on expression of GMP-140 and cleaning out the oxygenic free radicle on rabbits blood stasis model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang on expression of GMP-140 and cleaning out the oxygenic free radicle on rabbits blood stasis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into five groups as the normal group, model group, large dose of "Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang" group, small dose of "Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang" group and "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group. After being treated respectively, granule membrane protein 140(GMP-140), erythrocyte sueroxide dismutase (E-SOD), erythrocyte lipid peroxide(E-LPO), plasma lipid peroxide(P-LPO) were checked up.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The GMP-140, E-SOD, E-LPO, P-LPO in normal control were compared with those in model groups, With the difference(P < 0.01), model control group was compared with large dose group and small dose group (P < 0.01), with "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group(P < 0.05), large dose group was compared with "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group(P < 0.05), and large dose group were compared with small dose group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The model was made successfully. Large dose group, small dose group and "xue-shuan-xin-mai-ning" group can inhibit expression of GMP-140, enhence SOD activity and decrease LPO content on blood stasis rabbit model. Large dose group and small dose group have stronger effect than "xue-shuan-xin-mai-ning" group.</p>

Clinical evaluation of risk factors for coronary heart disease / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery lesions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Potential risk factors were studied in 341 patients underwent coronary angiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Coronary angiography showed coronary artery lesions in 214 patients (lesion group), and no lesion in 127 patients (non-lesion group). There was significant difference in age, past history of diabetes, family history of CHD, smoking history, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lower-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C (TC/HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], fibrinogen (Fbg) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between two groups (P < 0.05). (2) There was significant correlation between severity of coronary artery lesions and hs-CRP, Lp(a), TC/HDL-C, Fbg, hyperlipidemia, TC, LDL-C and TG (with coefficients of correlation of 0.338, 0.250, 0.241, 0.207, 0.167, 0.147, 0.140 and 0.139; respectively, P < 0.05). (3) Analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for patients with coronary angiography and risk factors for CHD showed that the areas under ROC curve were 0.810, 0.669, 0.626, 0.625, 0.619 and 0.618 for hs-CRP, TC/HDL-C, Lp(a), Fbg, LDL-C and past history of hyperlipidemia, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Past history of hyperlipidemia was a predictor for occurrence of CHD. Ratio of TC/HDL-C and blood level of Lp(a) could be used as predictors in screening for high blood lipid, which were much stronger than others. It is suggested that hs-CRP had an excellent predictive value in current coronary inflammatory lesions.</p>

The development and changes of pressure of putrefactive gas in cadaveric enterocelia in spring and its forensic application / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the development and changes of pressure of putrefactive gas (PPG) in cadaveric enterocelia in spring, and to explore its application in estimation of postmortem interval (EPI).@*METHODS@#57 goats were divided into 2 groups according to means of death, on land or in water. Celiac PPG were observed timely and systematically.@*RESULTS@#The development of PPG in cadaveric enterocelia, which can be divided into raising phase, peak phase, and declining phase was observed, and a model to estimate postmortern interval by changes of PPG was founded.@*CONCLUSION@#Measuring PPG in cadaveric enterocelia could be used in forensic EPI.

Genotyping of HLA-Cw locus in Chinese Yi ethnic group by PCR-SSP / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To analyze the genetic polymorphism of HLA-Cw locus in Chinese Yi ethnic group by DNA typing for further study on its association with HIV infection and progression to AIDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rapid genotyping method for HLA-Cw by PCR-SSP was set up. It combined twenty-six specific primers and one pair of internal control primer to form twenty-four one-step reactions for each sample. Totally 102 unrelated healthy Chinese Yi ethnic individuals were typed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve HLA-Cw alleles were detected in Chinese Yi ethnic group with HLA-Cw*01, Cw*07 and Cw*08 as the most common genes, which accounted for a frequency of 0.333 3, 0.250 0 and 0.176 5 respectively; four kinds of non-serologically defined HLA-Cw genes i.e. Cw*12, Cw*1301, Cw*14 and Cw*15 were found in this population. Hardy-Weinburg test showed that the genotype distribution observed was correspondent with the expected (chi2=65.983 1, df=66, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study provides the data of HLA-Cw gene frequency in Chinese Yi ethnic group, which may contribute to research on anthropology, disease association and vaccine application. The result also confirmed that PCR-SSP was a reliable and fast method for HLA-Cw genotyping.</p>