Ankle proprioception after a stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore vibration, position and motion proprioception of the ankle joints after a stroke.Methods:Twenty-eight stroke survivors with impaired ankle proprioception were divided into a right-side stroke group ( n=18) and a left-side stroke group ( n=8). Twenty-two healthy volunteers constituted a control group. Vibration perception thresholds, passive and active joint angle resetting, and motion minimum thresholds were quantified among the stroke survivors on both the healthy and the affected side. With the controls the dominant and non-dominant sides were used. The differences in proprioception between the healthy volunteers and the stroke patients, between the affected side and the healthy side of the stroke patients, and between left- and right-side stroke patients were analyzed and compared. Results:Among the stroke survivors the vibration perception threshold on the affected side averaged (28.91±22.53)μm. The absolute difference in the perception of passive positioning was (5.49±5.39)° for 15° of plantar flexion and (4.48±3.89)° for 5° of dorsal extension. In active positioning plantar flexion was (5.23±4.34)° and for 30° of plantar flexion it was (3.26±1.73)°. The 5° dorsal extension error was (4.97±3.48)°. The motion perception thresholds between 20° of plantar flexion, 10° of plantar flexion and the neutral position were significantly higher, on average, than among the control group. The stroke group also had significantly higher motion perception thresholds than the control group.Conclusion:The vibration, position, and motion sense of the ankle joint on a stroke survivor′s affected side tend to be impaired, with the impairment of vibration and motion sensing tend to be more substantial. After stroke, there is also mild impairment of vibration, position and motion sensing in the healthy ankle joint. The impairment of proprioception caused by right cerebral hemisphere injury may be more serious than that caused by injury on the left.

Far space neglect in left spatial neglect patients: features and assessment / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the features and assessment for far space neglect in left spatial neglect patients after right brain stroke. MethodsFrom January to October, 2021, 30 left unilateral spatial neglect (USN) patients after right stroke (patients, n = 30) from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and healthy volunteers matching with gender, age and level of education (controls, n = 30) were evaluated with line cancelation (LC), star cancelation (SC) and line bisection (LB) tests, nearly and far away. The 25 controls were evaluated with LB on the second day. ResultsNo line or star was omissed in the controls. Both the deviation and percentage were more in the patients than in the controls (|t| > 4.319, P < 0.001). Both the deviation and percentage were less different for all the test (|Z| < 1.638, t = -1.282, P > 0.05) between nearly and far away, except the deviation of LB (t = -4.994, P < 0.001). The ICC of test-retest was above 0.462 (P < 0.01). ConclusionRight brain stroke patients with USN may present far spatial neglect, which can be assessed with LB.

Effects of Aquatic Taiji Quan on Balance Function of Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effects of aquatic Taiji Quan on balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Methods From March to December, 2015, 30 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury received aquatic Taiji Quan exercise based on rou-tine rehabilitation, 30 minutes every day, five times a week for five weeks. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after exercise. Dynamic balance function and static balance function were also assessed with Active Balancer assessment. Results The BBS score significantly improved after exercise (t=-9.652, P3.528, Z>-2.590, P0.05). The dynamic stability limit range enlarged (t=-4.516, P<0.01), and the time to target significantly shortened (t=4.530, P<0.001). Conclusion Aquatic Taiji Quan can improve the balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Executive Function Deficits in Patients with Brain Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the characteristics of executive function in patients with brain injury. Methods From March 1st, to June 30th, 2015, 44 patients with brain injury were investigated with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the indexes including Responses Answer, Categories Completed, Correct Responses, Errors Responses, Trials to Complete First Category, Percent Conceptual Level Respons-es Percentage, Perseverative Responses Errors, Nonperseverative Responses Errors, Failure to Maintain Set, and Learning to Learn. Results The abnormal rates were the most in Nonperseverative Responses Errors and Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage (61.36%), and then in Responses Answer/Categories Completed/Correct Responses (59.09%), Correct Responses (43.18%), Trials to Complete First Category (38.64%), Perseverative Errors (29.51%), Learning to Learn (25.00%), and Failure to Maintain Set (9.09%). The patients with trau-matic brain injury were different from those with stroke in Responses Answer, Errors Responses, Perseverative Responses Errors, Catego-ries Completed, Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage, and Learning to Learn (Z>2.444, t>2.156, P<0.05). The patients injured in frontal lobe were different from those in other areas in Perseverative Responses Errors (t=2.595, P=0.015). Conclusion Executive function damaged generally in patients with brain injury, which related to concentration, abstract, shifting attention, working memory, etc. The frontal lobe damage may associate with the disorder of shifting attention.

Effects of Forearm Crutches on Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of forearm crutches on motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods 60 children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The control group accepted rou-tine rehabilitation, while the observation group were also trained to use forearm crutches. They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and Balancer. The way of item 70 of GMFM-88 was used to assess the mobile capability. Results The scores of GMFM-88 significantly improved in both groups after treatment (t>6.002, P<0.001), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t=2.317, P<0.05). The whole path length and the circumference area reduced in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and reduced more in the observation group with the assist of the forearm crutches (P<0.01). The incidence of walking was more in the observa-tion group with the assistant of the forearm crutches (χ2=25.87, P<0.01). Conclusion Forearm crutches assistant can improve the recovery of motor function, balance and walking ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Measure Static Balance Function with Active Balancer EAB-100:Reference Values and Clinical Significance / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To establish the reference values of static balance function with Active Balancer EAB-100 in healthy Chinese adults, and to screen the valuable indices for clinical work. Methods There were 227 healthy adults measured with Active Balancer EAB-100 when standing still with eyes opened and closed. All the data recorded were analyzed with SPSS 19.0, and the weight of every pa-rameter was obtained with principal component analysis. Results The reference values of parameters for static balance function were estab-lished in healthy Chinese adults. The loadings of whole path length, rectangle area, circumference area, effective value area, deflection cen-ter displacement X, deflection center displacement Y, rectangle area of Romberg rate and circumference area of Romberg rate were more than average. Conclusion It is need to focus on whole path length, circumference area, deflection center displacement X, deflection center displacement Y, and effective value area and circumference area of Romberg rate much more in clinical practice for the static balance assess-ment.

Comparison of Effects between Underwater and Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Walking and Balance in Hemiplegics after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the effect of underwater treadmill training (UWTT), body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional gait training (CGT) for walking ability and balance function in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods 43 patients were divided into CGT group (n=14), BWSTT group (n=13) and UWTT group (n=16). Based on conventional gait training, the UWTT group and BWSTT group respectively accepted UWTT and BWSTT for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), maximum walking speed (MWS), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and dynamic balance function and static balance function with Active Balancer before and after training. Results All the patients improved in all items after training (P<0.05), while the UWTT group improved more in the 6MWT and balance function items than the BWSTT group (P<0.05). Conclusion UWTT is more effective for hemiplegic patients after stroke in walking ability and balance function than BWSTT.

Comparison of Effects between Underwater and Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Walking and Balance in Hemiplegics after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the effect of underwater treadmill training (UWTT), body weight support treadmill training (BW-STT) and conventional gait training (CGT) for walking ability and balance function in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods 43 patients were divided into CGT group (n=14), BWSTT group (n=13) and UWTT group (n=16). Based on conventional gait training, the UWTT group and BWSTT group respectively accepted UWTT and BWSTT for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), maximum walking speed (MWS), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and dynamic balance function and static balance function with Ac-tive Balancer before and after training. Results All the patients improved in all items after training (P<0.05), while the UWTT group im-proved more in the 6MWT and balance function items than the BWSTT group (P<0.05). Conclusion UWTT is more effective for hemiple-gic patients after stroke in walking ability and balance function than BWSTT.

Temperature Sensation Threshold of Trunk Skin in Healthy Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To measure the temperature sensation threshold of trunk skin in healthy adults. Methods The threshold of cold sensation, warm sensation, cold pain sensation and heat pain sensation of trunk skin key points (T3, T7 and T11) were measured with Thermal Sensory Analyzer in 123 healthy adults. Results The thresholds of cold, warm, cold pain and heat pain sensations were obtained. The stan-dard deviation of cold and warm threshold was less than that of heat pain. The range of cold sensation threshold was the largest. The heat pain sensation threshold increased with segmental declining and the sensation threshold increased with age. Conclusion Normal reference value should be established variously with the segment and age. The threshold of cold, warm varies less, while the threshold of cold pain and heat pain varies too much.

Comparison of Effects between Underwater and Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Walking and Balance in Hemiplegics after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the effect of underwater treadmill training (UWTT), body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional gait training (CGT) for walking ability and balance function in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods 43 patients were divided into CGT group (n=14), BWSTT group (n=13) and UWTT group (n=16). Based on conventional gait training, the UWTT group and BWSTT group respectively accepted UWTT and BWSTT for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), maximum walking speed (MWS), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and dynamic balance function and static balance function with Active Balancer before and after training. Results All the patients improved in all items after training (P<0.05), while the UWTT group improved more in the 6MWT and balance function items than the BWSTT group (P<0.05). Conclusion UWTT is more effective for hemiplegic patients after stroke in walking ability and balance function than BWSTT.

Application of Percentage Layouts of Power Spectrum in Balance Assessment of Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the general rule in the power spectrum percentage of balance when normal people standing and the dif-ferences of the power spectrum percentage between normal people and the stroke patients. Methods 30 normal people and 30 stroke patients was tested with Active Balancer EAB-100 (Sakai Iryo) open-and close-eye. The whole path length, circumference area and the percentages of power spectrum on the X, Y and Z axes were recorded. The correlation and the differences were analyzed. Results The percentages of power spectrum were not statistically correlated (P>0.05) with age, height, weight or gender. There was significant difference between two groups in the percentage of power spectrum (P<0.05). On the frequency spectrum, the ratio rised on the low and middle frequency part, espe-cially within 0.2~2 Hz, but the ratio decreased on the high frequency part (2~10 Hz) (P<0.05). Conclusion The percentage of power spec-trum can be an important reference in assessing the stroke patients' balancing functions.

Characteristics of Balance Impairment in Aged Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the characteristics of balance impairment in stroke patients over 60 years old. Methods This was a retrospectivecase-control study. Subjects were divided into two groups, normal control group and stroke group. Tetrax Interactive Balance Systemwas used to examine stability index (ST), weight distribution percentages, weight distribution index (WDI), fall index (FI), synchronizationsand spectrum analysis of postural sway under the condition of standing still with eyes open respectively in both groups. Results Frequenciesof spectrum analysis of postural sway in the stroke group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (P<0.05) exceptthe low frequencies. The weight distribution percentages of unaffected foot and WDI of the stroke group were significantly higher thanthe normal control group (P<0.05). ST and synchronizations in the stroke group were worse than the normal control group (P<0.05). In thestroke group, correlations were found between FI and ST, FI and spectrum analysis of postural sway (except the low frequencies), as well asbetween FI and synchronizations (P<0.05). Conclusion Stability index, weight distribution percentages, weight distribution index, synchronizationsand spectrum analysis of postural sway are significantly abnormal in the elderly stroke patients with balance impairment. And theirfall index was found to be correlated to a variety of factors.

Effect of Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo explore the effect of partial body-weight supported treadmill training(BWSTT) on gross motor function measure, walking ability and efficiency, and functional ambulation categories in children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods35 children with cerebral palsy were assigned into 3 groups, BWSTT group(BWSTT with PT, n=11), TT group(treadmill training with PT, n=12), and PT group (n=12). Assessments were performed before treatment and 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment respectively. The evaluation items included the D & E dimensions of the gross motor function measures (GMFM), walking ability(WA), walking efficiency(WE)and Functional ambulation categories (FAC).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, body height, as well as clinical assessments (GMFM, WA, WE and FAC) before treatment between 3 groups(P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in each group 12 weeks after treatment, and BWSTT group showed statistical significant difference in GMFM, WA, WE and FAC.ConclusionBWSTT could significantly improve the walking ability and walking efficiency, and also the standing and walking ability of children with CP.

Application of Position Vector in Balance Evaluation of Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the application of position vector in balance evaluation of stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods The static balance of 30 healthy subjects and 30 stroke patients with hemiplegia was measured by the balance instrument when standing on a force plate with eyes' open.There were 10 patients tested before and after rehabilitation training.Results The position vectorgram of the healthy subjects showed anterior-posterior sway and the patients showed right-left or diagonal sway.The patients exhibited much longer value in position vector than healthy subjects(P<0.01).After rehabilitation training,10 patients showed the changes in position vector at six directions,and there was a significant difference compared with those before rehabilitation training(P<0.01).Conclusion The position vector is clinically valuable in balance evaluation and monitoring the effect of treatment.

Analysis of the Functional Independence Measure of 313 Patients with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the effect of lesion level and completeness on activities of daily living(ADL) of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods The functional status of 313 SCI patients were assessed using the Functional Independence Measurement(FIM),and FIM scores were calculated for statistical analysis with different lesion levels and completeness.Results FIM scores presented significant differences among cervical-level group,thoracic-level group and lumbar-level group(P<0.05～0.01).Patient with a high lesion level had lower FIM score.In the same lesion level group,FIM scores presented significant differences between the incomplete SCI patients and the complete ones(P<0.05～0.01).However,the lumbar lesion patients had no significant differences in FIM score between the complete group and the incomplete group(P>0.05).Conclusion FIM can objectively reflect the ADL level in SCI patients with different lesion level and completeness.

Cross-sectional survey of adolescent sexual psychology and knowledge / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The population of male and female adolescents in China accounts for 1/5. Adolescents have much psychological bewilderment,troublesome and even diseases on sexual issues.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development status quo and the regulation of adolescents' sexual physiology, sexual psychology, sexual knowledge and sexual education.DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey by employing students of junior high school as subjects.SETTING: A clinic for adolescent of a tertiary hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 960 students aged between 14 and 19 years old of three junior high schools in Dalian city were selected as subjects between November and December of 2001.METHODS: Self-complied questionnaire was used in the survey based on the sexual psychological education situation scale for junior and senior high school students. Classes were randomly selected for anonymous survey based on voluntary principle.Answers to sex-related questions and differences between male and female students.RESULTS: The average age of menarche in female students was 12.96years old and the average age of first emission in male students was 13.89years old, which were consistent with the results of similar national researches. The incidence and frequency of masturbation and sexual impulse was significantly higher in males than females. There were significant differences in sexual concept and the understanding of sexual knowledge between males and females. The desire to affiliate with the opposite sex was far more than the real occurrence.CONCLUSION: The understanding of sexual knowledge in adolescent is not satisfied. Students are also not satisfied with the sexual education provided by their schools. Hence, school sexual education for adolescents should be enhanced with the involvement of community.

A quantitative assessment of standing balance function in patients with lower extremity prosthesis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate quantitatively the standing balance function of patients with lower limb prosthesis. Methods Twenty-two patients were divided into three groups according their conditions: group 1 consisted of patients with one leg amputated, group 2 consisted of patients with one amputated at high level, group 3 consisted of patients with both thighs amputated, and twenty-one normal subjects served as control. Parameters including the sway magnitude of gravity center, circumference area, drift in X vector, etc., were recorded and analyzed. Results The data obtained revealed that the sway magnitude, circumference area were increased, in all the cases, especially in those with lower limb prosthesis at both sides. Compared to the control group, the difference was significant( P