Synaptic vesicle protein2A decreases in amygdaloid-kindling pharmcoresistant epileptic rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) involvement has been reported in the animal models of epilepsy and in human intractable epilepsy. The difference between pharmacosensitive epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to observe the hippocampus SV2A protein expression in amygdale-kindling pharmacoresistant epileptic rats. The pharmacosensitive epileptic rats served as control. Amygdaloid-kindling model of epilepsy was established in 100 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The kindled rat model of epilepsy was used to select pharmacoresistance by testing their seizure response to phenytoin and phenobarbital. The selected pharmacoresistant rats were assigned to a pharmacoresistant epileptic group (PRE group). Another 12 pharmacosensitive epileptic rats (PSE group) served as control. Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine SV2A expression in the hippocampus tissue samples from both the PRE and the PSE rats. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that SV2A was mainly accumulated in the cytoplasm of the neurons, as well as along their dendrites throughout all subfields of the hippocampus. Immunoreactive staining level of SV2A-positive cells was 0.483 ± 0.304 in the PRE group and 0.866 ± 0.090 in the PSE group (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 2(-ΔΔCt) value of SV2A mRNA was 0.30 ± 0.43 in the PRE group and 0.76 ± 0.18 in the PSE group (P < 0.05). Western blotting analysis obtained the similar findings (0.27 ± 0.21 versus 1.12 ± 0.21, P < 0.05). PRE rats displayed a significant decrease of SV2A in the brain. SV2A may be associated with the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy of the amygdaloid-kindling rats.

Effect of nitrogen supply on biomass accumulating and root respiration dynamic changing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to study the effect nitrogen supplying on biomass accumulation and root respiration dynamic change of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and reveal the metabolic pathway of root respiration impact the biomass accumulating of G. uralensis. Six groups of one-year-old G. uralensis were fertilized with total nutrition containing various nitrogen concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mmol x L(-1)) every week. At the end of every month, from June to October, the volume respiration rate and biomass of different classes of root samples were determined, and the correlation between root respiration and biomass was analyzed. The results indicated a negative correlation between volume respiration rate and biomass, nitrogen supply significantly affected both root respiration and biomass of G. uralensis by reducing root respiration and increasing root biomass. Under 8 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen supplying, there existed the optimal inhibition of root respiration, which has increased biomass of G. uralensis.

Perihematomal endothelin-1 level is associated with an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability in a rabbit model of intracerebral hematoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has deleterious effects on water homeostasis, cerebral edema, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Highly expressed ET-1 was observed after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, ET-1 changes and their relationship with BBB disruption within 24 hours of ICH have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to observe the changes in perihematomal ET-1 levels in various phases of ICH and their correlation with the BBB integrity in a rabbit model of ICH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five rabbits (3.2-4.3 kg body weight) were randomly divided into a normal control group (five rabbits) and a model group (20 rabbits). Animals in the model group were equally divided into four subgroups (five rabbits each to be sacrificed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours following ICH establishment). An ICH model was prepared in the model group by infusing autologous arterial blood into the rabbit brain. ET-1 expression in perihematomal brain tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry and color image analysis, and the permeability of the BBB was assayed using the Evan's Blue (EB) method. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to make comparisons of the ET-1 and EB content across the entire time series.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of perihematomal endothelial cells with ET-1 positive expressions following 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours ICH model establishment was 9.32, 13.05, 15.90, and 20.44, respectively, but as low as 6.67 in the control group. The average transmittance of ET-1-positive cell bodies at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after ICH was 99.10, 97.40, 85.70, and 80.80, respectively, but 100.12 in the control group. These data reveal that the expression of ET-1 was significantly increased at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after ICH compared with the control group, and a marked decrease in the average transmittance of ET-1-positive cell bodies was noted (P < 0.05). Similarly, the perihematomal EB content at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after ICH was 29.39 ± 1.16, 32.20 ± 0.73, 33.63 ± 1.08, and 35.26 ± 1.12, respectively, in the model group and 28.06 ± 0.80 in the control group. The results indicate that a significant increase in the EB content in the model group was observed compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation between the number of ET-1-positive endothelial cells and BBB permeability was observed (r = 0.883, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High levels of ET-1 are closely associated with BBB disruption. ET-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after ICH.</p>

Effect of minimally invasive procedures on motor function changes and nerve fibers of internal capsule in patients with thalamic hematoma / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of nerve fibers of internal capsule and motor function in patients with thalamic hematoma treated by minimally invasive procedures using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods Twenty-two patients with thalamic hematoma were randomized into minimally invasive treatment group (MI group) and medication treatment group (MT group).The patients in MT group were given conventional medical treatment,and those in MI group were performed intracranial hematoma elimination by the minimally invasive procedures within 24 h of admission and medical treatment was also given.The patients in both MI group and MT group underwent a whole-brain DTI on admission and 2 weeks after the admission.The integrity of corticospinal tract (CST) in the internal capsule ipsilateral to the hematoma side and the contralateral side and their fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined.The modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) were performed on admission,2 weeks and 1 month after onset of initial hemorrhage.Results DTI showed that fibers in the internal capsule ipsilateral to the hematoma either decreased in number or interrupted because of hematoma-induced damages in both groups,and the CST FA values on admission were significantly lower (0.432±0.022 and 0.410±0.028 for MI and MT groups,respectively) than the control values.The number of fibers and the FA values of CST in the internal capsule 2 weeks after the hematoma being evacuated were increased significantly as compared with those on admission.As FA values of CST in internal capsule increased,the mNIHSS scores decreased after the surgery and the motor function improved gradually.Conclusion Minimally invasive procedures for thalamic hematoma evacuation can effectively reduce the degree of injury to the motor function,and DTI can observe the changes of CST after the surgery directly.

Three-dimensional analysis of facial structure for unilateral cleft lip patients repaired by Millard's method / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the aesthetic effect of Millard' s method in patients with unilateral cleft lip by three dimensional sensing system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>19 patients with unilateral cleft lip (class II: 7 cases, class III: 12 cases) were randomly selected. The pre- and postoperative 3-D facial profiles were recorded using a 3 DSS scanner. Then 3D geometric models were established by Geomagic Studio 10.0. In the software, columella length, nostril floor width, alar base-subnasale distance, alar length, upper lip height, lateral upper lip height and lip length were measured before and after lip repair respectively. Paired-samples T test and one-sample T test were used for statistical analysis with SPSS 12. 0 software package.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in the nostril floor width, alar base-subnasale distance, alar length and lip length before and after operation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The ratio of asymmetry in normal people was no more than 0.1. There was significant difference in the asymmetry ratio of columella length and lateral upper lip height between postoperative class II patients and normal people (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the asymmetry ratio of columella length, nostril floor width, alar base-suhnasale distance, lateral upper lip height and lip length between postoperative class III patients and normal people (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Millard's technique is useful for repairing unilateral cleft lip in rebuilding nasal floor, the Cupid' bow and in correction of the columella deviation, except for a relatively insufficient lip height and columella length at the operated side. Besides, the nostril floor width at the operated side in class III patients is still wider than that at the opposite side.</p>

The computer-aided design and manufacture of unilateral orbital defect restoration / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques to found a new design method of maxillofacial restoration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By laser scanning apparatus the plaster face model was scanned and the primitive face point data were acquired. With the reverse engineering software, the point data were reconstructed to one smooth face surface image and the defect orbital tissue shape data was obtained from the normal contralateral tissue data in the software. The model designed the three-dimensional data of defect part and the rapid prototyping technique made the resin orbital restoration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The laser scanning apparatus acquired the distinct and precise model data of the plaster face-model. The Digisurface retrograde engineer software succeeded to fulfill the unilateral orbital defect computer-aided design. The orbital restoration inosculated the plaster model tightly and symmetrically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reverse engineering software and rapid prototyping technique could finish the computer-aided design and manufacture of the unilateral orbital defect restoration smoothly and satisfactorily.</p>