Textual and information research of classical prescription Mijiao Pills / 中国中药杂志

Elaphurus davidianus( Milu),a rare animal unique to China,has been used as medicine for more than a thousand years,but the extinction of Milu in modern times resulted in the unavailability of related medical products. Today,the reintroduction of Milu population makes it possible to restore its medicinal usage. The resource reserves of Cervi Cornu,the natural shedding product from Milu,are increasing with the expansion of the population,allowing it to be fully utilized in the medical field. Mijiao Pills,first recorded in Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency( Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang) by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty,is the first Chinese medicinal prescription with Cervi Cornu as the sovereign medicinal,which is effective in tonifying. Its composition,preparation,efficacy and indications,and administration are described in detail in the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency,which however,have changed significantly over the thousands of years,seriously affecting the clinical application of this classical prescription and related product development. Therefore,the key information of this prescription should be systematically collated and summarized. According to the principles of textual research on key information in ancient classical prescriptions promulgated by relevant authorities,this paper reviewed ancient Chinese medical books of the past dynasties,modern literature,as well as the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China( 2020 Version) to figure out such key information as the source,historical evolution,original plants and animals and their processing,dosage,preparation,and usage of Mijiao Pills. This paper aimed to provide a basis for the clinical application of Mijiao Pills and subsequent product development,thus facilitating the development and utilization of this precious medicinal animal resource.

Regional differences of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu / 中国中药杂志

In order to reveal the regional characteristics of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu,39 samples of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu collected from 4 different regions were analyzed by UPLC-QTRAP ~®/MS2 method followed by orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis( OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis( CA). The results showed all the samples contained abundant nucleosides and amino acids,with the total content of 45. 09 μg·g~(-1) and 634. 80 μg·g-1,respectively. The samples presented significant regional differences in the contents of individual components,and the main differential components included Ura,Hpro,Thr,Glu,G5 P,2'-dG,Adeno,Met,Ade,Gln,Orni,Phe,2'-dA,Hit,Lys,and Ile. Among them,Ura,Met,Glu,and Ile had the highest content in the samples from Dafeng in Jiangsu,Qinhu in Jiangsu,Beijing,and Shishou in Hubei,respectively. OPLS-DA and CA demonstrated that all the samples of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu could be divided into three categories,reflecting the regional characteristics. The results indicated that the accumulation of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu was closely related to its habitat,providing a useful reference for the research on the quality formation,quality evaluation and control,as well as the comprehensive utilization of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu. The findings suggested that the content factors of Ura,Met,Glu,and Ile could be included into the quality standard system of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu as the characteristics of medicinal materials from different regions.

Analyses of Genotypes and Phenotypes of Ten Chinese Patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene syndrome that is typically caused by a deletion of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4. However, there are few reports about the features of Chinese WHS patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular cytogenetic features of Chinese WHS patients using the combination of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical information was collected from ten patients with WHS. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients. The deletions were analyzed by MLPA and array CGH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients exhibited the core clinical symptoms of WHS, including severe growth delay, a Greek warrior helmet facial appearance, differing degrees of intellectual disability, and epilepsy or electroencephalogram anomalies. The 4p deletions ranged from 2.62 Mb to 17.25 Mb in size and included LETM1, WHSC1, and FGFR3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combined use of MLPA and array CGH is an effective and specific means to diagnose WHS and allows for the precise identification of the breakpoints and sizes of deletions. The deletion of genes in the WHS candidate region is closely correlated with the core WHS phenotype.</p>

ApoB gene genetic polymorphism of Han nationality and Mongolian nationality in midwest area of Inner Mongolia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study ApoB gene genetic polymorphism of Han nationality and Mongolian nationality in midwest area of Inner Mongolia.@*METHODS@#Some unrelated individuals of Han nationality and Mongolian nationality in midwest area of Inner Mongolia were selected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology was used to check the presence of Xba I (X+) and EcoR I (E-) sites of rare alleles. The genotype frequency, allelic frequency and population genetics parameters were calculated.@*RESULTS@#The frequencies of Xba I (X+) and EcoR I (E-) rare alleles were 2% and 4.6% in Han population. There was no Xba I (X+) or EcoR I (E-) rare alleles found in Mongolian nationality.@*CONCLUSION@#The allelic frequencies of ApoB gene Xba I and EcoR I sites are very different in different races. These sites may be used in identification of ethnicity.

Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and c-myc transcripts in endometrial carcinoma and its precursors / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the possible role of hTERT and c-myc in endometrial carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of hTERT and c-myc mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization of endometrial samples from 14 cases with simple hyperplasia, 10 with complex hyperplasia, 8 with atypical hyperplasia and 42 with endometrioid carcinoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of hTERT was demonstrated in samples with simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma at frequencies of 2/14, 4/8, 8/10 and 39/42 (92.9%), respectively. The prevalence and intensity of the hTERT signal was greater in the carcinomas and lesions with atypical hyperplasia than those with simple or complex hyperplasia (P < 0.05). The expression of c-myc was demonstrated in samples with simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma at frequencies of 3/14, 1/8, 5/10 and 23/42 (54.8%), respectively. The frequency of c-myc expression was higher in carcinomas and hyperplastic lesions with atypia than those in lesions with simple or complex hyperplasia without atypia (P < 0.05). The expression of hTERT was shown to be correlated with the level of differentiation (P < 0.05), while the c-myc expression appeared to be associated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P < 0.05). The expression levels of hTERT and c-myc were not found to be correlated with each other in the tissues examined (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of hTERT and c-myc may be involved in the progression from the endometrial aypical hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma. The correlation between hTERT and c-myc in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma are not found.</p>