RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To explore the advantages of the modified right renal artery dissection in the laparoscopic resection of right renal carcinoma combined with venous tumor thrombus.Methods:From January 2016 to June 2016, a retrospective analysis of the three-dimensional CT images of renal blood vessels in 70 patients with full abdominal CT plain scan plus enhanced scan from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University was performed. On the sagittal plane of the right margin of the aorta, the right renal artery was detected to locate above the left renal vein in 14 cases (20.0%), posterior in 33 cases(47.1%), and below in 23 cases(32.9%). In addition, on the sagittal plane of the left margin of the inferior vena cava, the right renal artery was detected to locate above the left renal vein in 1 case (1.4%), posterior in 26 cases(37.1%), and below in 43 cases (61.4%). Based on this finding, 11 patients with right kidney cancer combined with venous tumor thrombus, admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June 2016 to December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was(58.7±6.8)(45-68) years old. The CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the renal blood vessels was shown on the sagittal plane of the right margin of the aorta before the operation, and the right renal artery was detected to locate above the left renal vein in 0 cases, posterior in 7 cases, and lower in 4 cases. On the sagittal plane of the left margin of the inferior vena cava, the right renal artery was detected to locate above the left renal vein in 0 case, behind in 3 cases, and below in 8 cases. Renal tumors are located in the upper middle in 5 cases and in the lower middle in 6 cases. The maximum diameter of the tumor to be resected was 8.5-12.0 cm, with an average of (10.0±1.4) cm. Among them, 4 cases had Mayo grade 0 tumor thrombus, 4 cases were grade Ⅰ tumor thrombus, and 3 cases were grade Ⅱ tumor thrombus. All 11 cases underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. During the operation, it was found that the relationship between the right renal artery and the left renal vein was consistent with the preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of renal blood vessels. The modified right renal artery dissection method was used, that is, the right renal artery was detected and ligated between the inferior vena cava and the aorta, using the left renal vein as a mark, and then the right kidneys and vein tumor thrombi were removed.Results:All of the 11 operations in this group were completed successfully. The operation time was (110.5±29.8)(70-150) min, the average time of right renal artery dissection was(28.5±5.8)(16- 33) min, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding was(112.7±83.5)(20-300) ml. No serious complications occurred during the operation in 11 cases. Postoperative pathological examination showed 10 cases of clear cell carcinoma and 1 case of papillary cell carcinoma. The postoperative hospital stay was 4.2 (4.18±0.75) days. There were no complications such as secondary bleeding, infection, lower extremity venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. All 11 patients were followed up for 3 to 42 months, with an average of(19.5±12.1) months. One patient died 23 months after the operation, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis occurred in the remaining patients.Conclusions:When the right renal artery runs to the left edge of the inferior vena cava, it is mostly behind the left renal vein. In the laparoscopic resection of right renal cancer with venous tumor thrombus, the modified right renal artery dissection method can quickly find and dissociate the right renal artery. The operation time is short, the intraoperative bleeding is less, and no postoperative complications occur.