Study on the policy implementation effect of serious Illness medical insurance in the ethnic minority autonomous area of Western China

Objective: To evaluate the implementation effect of serious illness medical insurance in Guang Xi Zhuang Autonomous Region of western China. Study design: Through the collection of 2017-2021 Guang Xi serious illness medical insurance specific policy making such as fund usage, serious illness compensation, medical expenses data, and data analysis of a serious illness medical insurance effect. Method: Literature research, Policy text analysis, quantitative data collection method, using Excel and SPSS 19.0 data descriptive statistical analysis and comparative analysis. Results: Serious illness medical insurance has had some effect, e.g., from 2017 to 2021, the utilization rate of serious illness medical insurance fund in Guang Xi was 109.49% and 103.87% respectively, the fund balance rate was -9.45% and -8.54% respectively, and the accumulated balance was -2.3871 million CNY and -70.7955 million CNY. Conclusion: The serious illness medical insurance has reduced the burden of large medical expenses of patients to a certain extent, but the fund is under too much pressure, and there is a payment deficit. The coverage and security of serious illness medical insurance need to be expanded and strengthened, and the cooperation mechanism with commercial insurance institutions should be gradually explored to improve the serious illness medical insurance.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la implementación de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en la Región Autónoma Guang Xi Zhuang, al oeste de China. Diseño del estudio: a través de la recopilación de pólizas de seguro médico específicas para enfermedades graves de la región de Guang Xi entre 2017-2021, como por ejemplo: uso de fondos, compensación por enfermedades graves, datos de gastos médicos y análisis de datos del efecto de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves. Método: investigación de literatura, análisis de textos de políticas públicas, metodología de recolección de datos cuantitativos utilizando Excel y SPSS 19.0, análisis estadístico descriptivo de datos y análisis comparativo. Resultados: el seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha demostrado tener efectos, tales como: entre 2017 y 2021, la tasa de utilización de fondos de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en Guang Xi fue de 109,49 % y 103,87 % respectivamente, las tasas de saldo del fondo fue de -9,45 % y -8,54 % respectivamente y el saldo acumulado fue de -2,3871 millones de CNY y -70,7955 millones de CNY. Conclusión: El seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha reducido en cierta medida la carga de los grandes gastos médicos de los pacientes, pero al existir un déficit de pagos está bajo demasiada presión. Por ello, es necesario ampliar y fortalecer la cobertura y seguridad del seguro médico para enfermedades graves, y explorar gradualmente mecanismos de cooperación con instituciones de seguros comerciales.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da implementação de seguro médico para doenças graves na Região Autônoma de Guang Xi Zhuang da China Ocidental. Desenho do Estudo: Através da coleta de políticas específicas de seguro médico para doenças graves de Guang Xi 2017-2021, uso de fundos, compensação por doenças graves, dados de despesas médicas e análise de dados de um efeito de seguro médico para doenças graves. Método: Pesquisa na literatura, análise do texto da política, método de coleta de dados quantitativos usando Excel e SPSS 19.0, análise estatística descritiva de dados e análise comparativa. Resultados: Seguro médico de doenças graves teve um certo efeito. Em 2017 e 2021, a taxa de utilização do fundo de seguro médico para doenças graves em Guang Xi foi 109,49% e 103,87% respectivamente, a taxa de saldo do fundo foi -9,45% e -8,54% respectivamente e o saldo acumulado foi -2,3871 milhões de yuans e -70,7955 milhões de yuans. Conclusão: O seguro médico para doenças graves reduziu o ônus de grandes despesas médicas dos pacientes até certo ponto mas o fundo está sob demasiada pressão e há um déficit de pagamentos. A cobertura e segurança do seguro médico de doenças graves necessitam ser expandidas e fortalecidas, e o mecanismo de cooperação com instituições de seguros comerciais deve ser gradualmente explorado para melhorar o seguro médico para doenças graves.

Effects of oral carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section on maternal and infant outcomes / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To study the effect of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section on mothers and neonates,and to explore the application value of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.Methods The clinical data of 206 singleton women who underwent selective cesarean section in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021 were retrospectively studied.Patients were divided into enhanced recovery after delivery(ERAD)group and control group according to whether drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the effect of preoperative carb drinks on preoperative fluid supplementation,postoperative rehabilitation and neonatal prognosis.Results Among patients who fasted for less than 12 hours,the ERAD group had a lower fluid supplementation rate and a smaller average fluid supplementation volume compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The ERAD group had a lower rate of prokinetic agent using after surgery(P＜0.05).Among women without a history of abdominal surgery,the ERAD group had less blood loss 24 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in postoperative fever rate,incidence of nausea and vomiting,time of first flatus,neonatal apgar score,exit observation room neonatal blood,and neonatal neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission rate between the two groups.Among newborns with high-risk factors for hypoglycemia,the ERAD group had lower enter observation room neonatal blood compared to the control group,and a higher incidence of hypoglycemia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral intake of carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section may be beneficial in reducing fluid supplementation before elective cesarean section,promoting postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery,and reducing postoperative bleeding.However,it may be related to the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Family food environment and related factors of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand family food environment and its associated factors of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide reference for the improvement of family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District.@*Methods@#From 2021 to 2023, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1 485 families of students from 11 schools in Tongzhou District. Single Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in family food environment across different demographic background, and the associated factors were analyzed by the multiple binary Logistic regression model.@*Results@#The average score of family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District was 64.32(12.28) points, and the total compliance rate (≥60 points) was 67.41%. The score of family feeding pattern [58.33 (11.11) points] and the compliance rate (42.76%) ranked the bottom among the five dimensions of family food environment. Rural families (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.41-2.25), junior high schools (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.07-1.87), senior high schools (OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.73-3.00), singleparent families (OR=1.89, 95%CI=1.15-3.10) and obese parents (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.23-2.65) had a higher risk of substandard family food environment (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Family food environment of primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District is not optimistic, family feeding mode needs to be improved. Attention should be paid to the family food environment, so as to effectively promote healthy growth of children and adolescents.

Associations of obesity and peripheral blood lipid indicators with non-small cell lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the causal relationships between obesity, peripheral blood lipid indicators and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using Mendelian randomization (MR) method, so as to provide the basis for developing NSCLC prevention and control strategies.@*Methods@#Genetic variation data of three obesity evaluation indicators, including body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio (BFR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and seven peripheral blood lipid indicators, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and lipoprotein a [LP (a)] were collected through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and related public databases. Potential causal relationships between obesity, peripheral blood lipid indicators and NSCLC were analyzed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and multivariable MR analysis upon a random effect model. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables were evaluated using Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression.@*Results@#There was statistically association between BMI with NSCLC (OR=1.256, 95%CI: 1.087-1.451); there were no statistically associations between BFR, WHR, seven peripheral blood lipid indicators and NSCLC (all P>0.005). There was heterogeneity in the association between BMI, BFR, WHR, TG, HDL-C and NSCLC (all P<0.05); no horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables was found (all P>0.05). There was no statistically association between BMI and NSCLC after adjusting BFR (OR=1.367, 95%CI: 0.878-2.128); there was still statistically association between BMI and NSCLC after adjusting WHR and peripheral blood lipid indicators (both P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The increase of BMI is associated with the increased risk of NSCLC incidence. BFR may be a potential influencing factor for the association between BMI and NSCLC.

Exploration and practice of artificial intelligence assisted primary vision health management / 中华预防医学杂志

It has attracted much attention worldwide that the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary screening and clinical diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In recent years, this technology has also been widely used in various grass-roots eye disease management, effectively improving the current situation of weak eye disease diagnosis ability and shortage of human resources in primary medical institutions. At present, there is no reference standard or guideline for the management mode, implementation content and management method of vision health management based on this technology, which are in urgent need of standardization. The article described the work mode exploration of AI-assisted grass-roots visual health management in Shanghai and shared practical experience. The aim is to provide reference for other provinces in China to carry out relevant work.

Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIBV11L,V16D / 药学学报

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

A new norsesquiterpenoid from Arctium lappa leaves / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate fraction of Arctium lappa leaves by silica gel, ODS, MCI, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified with multiple spectroscopical methods including NMR, MS, IR, UV, and X-ray diffraction combined with literature data. Twenty compounds(1-20) were identified and their structures were determined as arctanol(1), citroside A(2), melitensin 15-O-β-D-glucoside(3), 11β,13-dihydroonopordopicrin(4), 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide(5), 8α-hydroxy-β-eudesmol(6), syringin(7), dihydrosyringin(8), 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-δ-truxinate(9),(+)-pinoresinol(10), phillygenin(11), syringaresinol(12), kaeperferol(13), quercetin(14), luteolin(15), hyperin(16), 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(17), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde(18), benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(19), and N-(2'-phenylethyl) isobutyramide(20). Among them, compound 1 is a new norsesquiterpenoid, and compounds 2-5, 7-8, and 18-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of comprehensive health education and early interventions for overweight and obese students. @*Methods @#The basic information, physical examinations and blood lipid testing results were collected from the primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District from 2015 to 2019 through the nutrition and health monitoring project among students in Tongzhou District. The epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obese students with dyslipidemia were descriptively analyzed. @*Results @#Among the 1 483 primary and middle school students detected, the overall prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were 12.68% ( 188 students ), 20.43% ( 303 students ) and 20.57% ( 305 students ), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in overweight and obese students ( 24.44% ) than in students with normal weight ( 18.65%, P<0.05 ), and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in male overweight and obese students than in female overweight and obese students (29.00% vs. 18.92%, P<0.05), while higher prevalence of dyslipidemia was seen in middle school students than in primary school students ( 37.72% vs. 20.32%, P<0.05 ). In addition, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in students with daily exercise of less than a hour than in students with daily exercise of a hour or longer ( 27.88% vs. 18.44%, P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions @#The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District. Health educations should be reinforced to male, middle school students with daily exercise of less than a hour.

Safety and efficacy of proximal gastrectomy with double tract anastomosis reconstruction for upper gastric cancer: a meta-ananlysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: It is not yet to be clarified whether proximal gastrectomy with double tract anastomosis reconstruction (PG-DT) for gastric cancer increases postoperative complications. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PG-DT for upper gastric cancer. Methods: The Chinese and English literatures about PG-DT and total gastrectomy with Roun-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction (TG-RY) for upper gastric cancer were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CNKI net, Wanfang database and VIP database. Literature inclusion criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective cohort study of PG-DT and TG-RY for upper gastric cancer published publicly; (2) patients with upper gastric cancer; (3) the enrolled literatures included at least one of the following outcome indicators: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative feeding time, hospitalization time, number of harvested lymph nodes, postoperative complications, postoperative 1-year albumin, postoperative 1-year hemoglobin and 1-, 3-, 5-year survival after surgery. Literature exclusion criteria: (1) reviews, case reports, conference summaries and other non-control studies; (2) studies published repeatedly, studies with incomplete or unextractable information. The search time ended in February 2021. The basic information and evaluation indicators included in the article were extracted. The retrospective study was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa literature quality evaluation scale. The prospective randomized controlled study was evaluated using Jadad modified scale. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Publication bias was assessed using funnel map. Publication bias was tested using Egger tools. Results: A total of 385 literatures were searched, finally 2 randomized controlled trials and 16 retrospective cohort study were included. There were 1521 patients, including 692 in the PG-DT group and 829 in the TG-RY group. The meta-analysis of the enrolled indicators showed that as compared to TG-RYT group, PG-DT group had less intraoperative blood loss (OR=-54.58, 95%CI: -57.77 to -51.38, P<0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (OR=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.29 to -0.13, P<0.001), shorter hospitalization time (OR=-0.98, 95%CI: -1.31 to -0.64, P<0.001), less harvested lymph nodes (OR=-6.07, 95%CI: -7.14 to -4.99, P<0.001), lower morbidity of postoperative complication (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.24 to 0.43,P<0.001), higher level of postoperative 1-year albumin (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.08 to 2.77, P<0.001) and postoperative 1 year hemoglobin (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 2.83 to 7.31, P<0.001). While there were no significant differences in operation time (OR=0.08, 95%CI: -4.24 to 4.39, P=0.97), postoperative feeding time (OR=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.15 to 0.06, P=0.39), 1-year survival after surgery (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 0.69 to 3.75, P=0.27), 3-year survival after surgery (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 0.81 to 2.10, P=0.27) and 5-year survival after surgery (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 0.86 to 2.63, P=0.15) between two groups. Conclusions: PG-DT treatment for upper gastric cancer is safe and feasible. Compared with TG-RY, PG-DT has advantages in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative exhaust time, hospitalization time, morbidity of postoperative complication and postoperative nutritional indicators.

The effect of different types of exercise on the intestinal mechanical barrier and related regulatory factors in type 2 diabetic mice / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on intestinal mechanical barrier and related regulatory factors in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The model was established by high-fat diet feeding and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The mice were divided into control group, model group (free exercise), resistance exercise group (tail load-bearing ladder climbing, 5 times a week), aerobic exercise group (non-load-bearing platform running, 5 times a week at a speed of 10-15 m/min), and combined exercise group (aerobic exercise was performed on the first, third and fifth days of each week, and resistance exercise on the second and fourth days of each week). After 8 weeks of intervention, the serum lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines were measured by corresponding kits. The pathological changes of ileum were detected by HE and PAS staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction-related proteins were detected by real-time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that all three types of exercise decreased blood glucose and body weight compared to the model group. Aerobic exercise and combined exercise decreased serum lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) levels, up-regulated the expression levels of ileal tight junction-related proteins and HIF-1α, improved the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, and down-regulated MLCK protein expression level. These results suggest that all three types of exercise can reduce blood glucose and body weight of T2DM mice, and aerobic exercise and combined exercise can restore the damaged intestinal mechanical barrier by a mechanism involving HIF-1α-MLCK pathway.

Kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during hot-air drying / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during the hot-air drying process to obtain the optimal process parameters under multiple goals such as drying efficiency and drying quality. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate curves along with the change of drying time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were investigated at five levels of drying air temperatures(30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ℃). The relationship between moisture ratio and time in the drying process of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma was fitted and verified by Midilli model, Page model, Overhults model, Modified Page model, Logaritmic model, Two terms Exponential model, and Newton model. Meanwhile, the effective diffusion coefficient of moisture(D_(eff)) and activation energy(E_a) in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were calculated under different drying air temperatures. GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components and content changes of the fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were closely related to the temperature of the drying medium, and the moisture of the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma decreased with the prolonged drying time. As revealed by the drying rate curve, the drying rate increased with the increase in hot air temperature, and the migration of moisture was accelerated. The comparison of the correlation coefficient(R~2), chi-square(χ~2), and root mean standard error(RMSE) of each model indicated that the parameter average of the Midilli model had the highest degree of fit, with R~2=0.999 2, χ~2=8.78×10~(-5), and RMSE=8.20×10~(-3). Besides, the D_(eff) at 30-70 ℃ was in the range of 1.04×10~(-9)-6.28×10~(-9) m~2·s~(-1), and E_a was 37.47 kJ·mol~(-1). The volatile components of fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures were determined by GC-MS, and 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, and 18 compounds were identified respectively, which accounted for more than 84.76% of the volatile components. In conclusion, the hot-air drying of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can be model-fitted and verified and the variation law of the moisture and volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with temperature is obtained. This study is expected to provide new ideas for exploring the drying characteristics and quality of aromatic Chinese medicine.

Classification for treatment of adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis and its secondary malformations / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To generate a new classification for adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA), which could effectively guide treatment strategies for adult TMJA patients with various clinical features. @* Methods@# We developed a new "CD" classification system according to the preservation of the condyle (C) and the severity of dentofacial bone deformity (D). From January 2016 to April 2020, 56 TMJ patients (with 73 ankylosed joints) in our department were classified into 4 subgroups by ‘CD’ classification: condylar head preservation but no dentofacial deformities (C+D-), no condylar head preservation and no dentofacial deformities (C-D-), condylar head preservation and dentofacial deformities (C+ D+), and no condylar head preservation but dentofacial deformities (C-D+). Different strategies were used according to the clinical features of each subgroup. The clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Different treatment strategies of temporomandibular joint reconstruction were adopted for different subclasses of patients and were followed. "C +": lateral arthroplasty (LAP) was used to remove the rigidity and preserve the medial residual condyle. "C-": if the ankylosing bone ball is small and the loss of ascending branch height is not obvious, arthroplasty should be performed to relieve ankylosis; however, if the ankylosing bone ball is large and the ascending branch height decreases significantly, joint reconstruction should be carried out after the ankylosis is relieved. "D +": surgical treatment of secondary dental and maxillofacial malformations at the same time or over stages. "D-": orthodontic treatment after operation to improve occlusal relationship and symptomatic treatment of oral diseases. @*Results@#After treatment, all 73 ankylosed joints were completely released, and the average maximal interincisal opening increased from (3.6±3.2 )to (32.8 ± 5.4) mm (P<0.001), with no recurrence of ankylosis found during the 12-48 month follow-up period.@*Conclusion @#The generation and elaboration of a ‘CD’ classification system is intended to help as a TMJA reconstruction guide for adult TMJA treatment and be widely used in more hospitals.

Analysis on Chemical Constituents and Dynamic Accumulation of Main Components in Arctium lappa Leaves / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo determine the chemical constituents of burdock （Arctium lappa） leaves， and elucidate dynamic accumulation rule of four main components， in order to provide the basis for determining the suitable harvest time of burdock leaves. MethodSilica gel， macroporous resin， Sephadex LH-20， octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica （ODS）， microporous resin （MCI） column chromatography and reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were used to isolate the main chemical constituents in burdock leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. HPLC-diode array detector （DAD） was used to analyze the dynamic accumulation of four components in burdock leaf. HPLC-DAD was performed on a Shim-pack GIST C18 column （4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.3% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） （0-9 min， 13%A； 9-10 min， 13%-24%A； 10-30 min， 24%A）， flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1， column temperature of 40 ℃， and detection wavelength at 328 nm. ResultSeventeen compounds were isolated from burdock leaves， and identified as caffeic acid （1）， rutin （2）， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside （3）， quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）， kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （5）， chlorogenic acid （6）， isochlorogenic acid A （7）， daucosterol （8）， ursolic acid （9）， anemarrhenoside B （10）， （-）-secoisolariciresinol （11）， vladinol D （12）， melitensin （13）， esculetin （14）， 1-（-2-ethylphenyl）-1，2-ethanediol （15）， 1-（-4-ethylphenyl）-1，2-ethanediol （16）， 3-hydroxy-1-（4-hydroxy-3，5-dimethoxyphenyl）-1-propanone （17）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in burdock leaves showed an upward trend from April to August， and reached the highest in August. And the content of isochlorogenic acid A firstly increased and then decreased from April to August， and reached the highest in July. ConclusionCompounds 10， 12-17 were isolated from Arctium for the first time. Taking the contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， and isochlorogenic acid A as indicators， considering the comprehensive development and utilization of burdock roots and leaves， it is recommended to harvest burdock leaves in mid-August.

A novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface of titanium enhances adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To design a novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface on endosseous titanium implants and investigate its effect on the biological activity of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.@*Methods@#Electrochemical anodization and spark plasma sintering were used to modify smooth titanium (untreated Ti group) with a microporous trabecular bone-like architecture (micro-Ti group) and TiO2 nanotube architecture (nano-TiO2 group). Additionally, electrochemical anodization was employed to prepare TiO2 nanotubes on microporous trabecular bone-like architectures, which formed a novel biomimetic hierarchical interface (micro/nano-TiO2 group). Four groups of titanium samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA). Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) were seeded on four groups of titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe cell morphology. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The expression of focal adhesion proteins (F-actin; vinculin; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN) were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; collagen I, COL I) were assessed by qRT-PCR.@*Results@# The micro/nano- TiO2 group featured a hydrophilic surface (CA=9° ± 2.1°). The results of the MTT assay indicated that the relative cell proliferation rates for the nano- TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples were significantly increased compared with those for the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001) after 5-9 days. The ALP results indicated that the micro/nano-TiO2 sample gained the highest value at 14 days. After 72 h of incubation, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. After 24 h incubation, the expression of F-actin on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. In comparison with untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples,the mRNA expression levels of all the osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; Collagen I, COL I) were markedly increased on the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples, the mRNA expression levels of collagen I (COL I) were significantly different between the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples versus the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001). @* Conclusion@#The novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface has a positive effect on cell attachment, viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.

Milk and dairy intake of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective @#To understand the current situation and influencing factors of milk and dairy intake among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing, so as to provide the reference for the intervention of milk and dairy intake among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#The stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the students from the third to sixth grades of primary school, three grades of junior middle school and three grades of senior high school from downtown and township of Tongzhou District as the survey objects. The demographic information, family data, and milk and dairy intake of a week before were collected. Taking the average daily intake of 300 g milk and dairy as the standard (the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016), the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for reaching the standard of average daily milk and dairy intake among the students. @*Results@#A total of 804 questionnaires were sent out, and 771 valid questionnaires were received, with a recovery rate of 95.90%. There were 321 primary school students, accounting for 41.63%; 228 junior high school students, accounting for 29.57%; and 222 high school students, accounting for 28.80%. The intake rate of milk and dairy products was 90.92%, and the adverse reaction rate was 10.12%. The daily intake rate was 36.71%. The median daily intake was 214.29 g, and the rate of average daily intake reaching the standard was 28.02%. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that primary school students (OR=1.672, 95%CI: 1.102-2.535), middle school students (OR=2.086, 95%CI: 1.349-3.225), overweight (OR=1.747, 95%CI: 1.131-2.700), obesity (OR=2.469, 95%CI: 1.698-3.591), and parents with bachelor's degree or above (OR=1.760, 95%CI: 1.022-3.029) were the influencing factors for reaching the standard of average daily milk and dairy intake among the students.@*Conclusions@#The average daily intake of milk and dairy products of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District does not reach the recommended standard, and grade, body mass index and parents'education level were the influencing factors.

Analysis of serum uric acid levels and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine uric acid (UA) levels and their influencing factors among primary and middle school students in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide referential guidance for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in teenagers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 483 students from four middle schools and four primary schools in three cities and three towns in Tongzhou District were selected for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood examination using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The results of the serum uric acid (SUA) examinations were statistically analyzed and the influencing factors were evaluated.@*Results@#The UA level of the students was skewed, with a median value of 296.0 mol/L and an interquartile distance of 96.0 mol/L. The overall detection rate of hyperuricemia was 14.83% (220/1 483). Middle school students (342 μmol/L), students from villages and towns (307 μmol/L), males (309 μmol/L), family dining students (298 μmol/L), students with high levels of triglyceride (TG) (318 μmol/L), students with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (329 μmol/L), and obese students (303 μmol/L) all had statistically higher SUA levels(H/U value was 119 938, 229 525, 212 043, 156 347, 42 052, 63 375, 33.49, P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the HUA detection rate was higher in older age groups, middle school students, township students, overweight or obese students, and low HDL-C students(χ 2=614.55, 73.20, 6.16, 30.56, 14.50, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that older age, being male, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for HUA(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The SUA level and the detection rate of hyperuricemia among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District were high, and the risk of disease and influencing factors had significant characteristics. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened.

Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Service System, and China Clinical Trial Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines published up to December 31, 2020. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on the results of clinical trials.@*RESULTS@#Thirteen randomized, blinded, controlled trials, which involved the safety and efficacy of 11 COVID-19 vaccines, were included. In 10 studies, the 28-day seroconversion rate of subjects exceeded 80%. In two 10 000-scale clinical trials, the vaccines were effective in 95% and 70.4% of the subjects, respectively. The seroconversion rate was lower than 60% in only one study. In six studies, the proportion of subjects who had an adverse reaction within 28 days after vaccination was lower than 30%. This proportion was 30%-50% in two studies and > 50% in the other two studies. Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and resolved within 24 hours after vaccination. The most common local adverse reaction was pain or tenderness at the injection site, and the most common systemic adverse reaction was fatigue, fever, or bodily pain. The immune response and incidence of adverse reactions to the vaccines were positively correlated with the dose given to the subjects. The immune response to the vaccines was worse in the elderly than in the younger population. In 6 studies that compared single-dose and double-dose vaccination, 4 studies showed that double-dose vaccination produced a stronger immune response than single-dose vaccination.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most of the COVID-19 vaccines appear to be effective and safe. Double-dose vaccination is recommended. However, more research is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines and the influence of dose, age, and production process on the protective efficacy.

Predictive effect of somatotype cognitive deviation on dieting tendency in female college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#BMI-based Silhouette Matching Test was used to quantify body image perception and expectation perception of female college students, and to investigate the predictive effect of body image perception deviation on dieting tendency. so as to provide evidence for further intervention measures.@*Methods@#A total of 579 female college students from 5 classes in two normal universities in Chongqing were conveniently sampled, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the female college students. Multivariate stepwise regression was used to analyze the predictors of dieting tendency.@*Results@#About 41.62% of female college students had deviation between subjective somatotype perception and actual somatotype, and 81.69%(473) of female college students had deviation in their somatotype expectation after quantification. The degree of cognitive deviation of somatotype expectation was negatively correlated with eating behavior and positively correlated with dieting tendency(r=-0.10, 0.36, P<0.05). Dieting tendency was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with eating behavior(r=0.14, -0.18, P<0.05). The degree of cognitive deviation of somatotype expectation, eating behavior, BMI, eating health awareness, and grade all had predictive effects on dieting tendency. The multivariate correlation coefficient between the five predictive variables and dieting tendency was 0.43, and the determination coefficient was 0.18. The overall test value of the regression model was 4.24(P=0.04). The five predictive variables accounted for 18.1% of the dieting tendency, among which the most powerful was the degree of cognitive deviation in somatotype expectation, which accounted for 12.9% of the variance.@*Conclusion@#There is a general deviation in female college students’ cognition of somatotype, mainly because they expect to be thinner. Irrational expectations of somatotype will lead to poor diet and even dieting behaviors, which will seriously affect their physical and mental health. Targeted intervention measures should be taken.

Down-regulation of miR-155 inhibits inflammatory response in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Endothelial cells play a key role in the cytokine storm caused by influenza A virus. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator in inflammation. Its role in the inflammatory response to influenza A infection, however, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-155 in the cytokine production in influenza A-infected endothelial cells.@*METHODS@#Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were infected with the influenza A virus strain H1N1. The efficiency of H1N1 infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and miR-155 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay characterized the interaction between miR-155 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). Changes in the target protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#MiR-155 was elevated in response to the H1N1 infection in HPMECs (24 h post-infection vs. 0 h post-infection, 3.875 ± 0.062 vs. 1.043 ± 0.013, P = 0.001). Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, all P < 0.05 in regard of cytokine levels) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in infected HPMECs (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, P = 0.004), and down-regulation of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, S1PR1 was a direct target of miR-155 in the HPMECs. Inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the expression of the S1PR1 protein. Down-regulation of S1PR1 decreased the inhibitory effect of the miR-155 blockade on H1N1-induced cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in HPMECs.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-155 maybe modulate influenza A-induced inflammatory response by targeting S1PR1.

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on Chinese people: Exposure, post-traumatic stress symptom, and emotion regulation

Objective: To examine the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) exposure, expressive suppression/cognitive reappraisal, and demographic variables on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among Chinese. Methods: Participants were recruited by social media through WeChat and 6 049 Chinese (aged from 17 to 63 years; median=24) from 31 provinces were included in the study. PTS symptoms, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal were assessed after the outbreak of COVID-19. A regression mixture analysis was conducted in Mplus 7. Results: A regression mixture model identified three latent classes that were primarily distinguished by differential effects of COVID- 19 exposures on PTS symptoms: (1) Class 1 (mildly PTS symptoms, 80.9%), (2) Class 2 (moderate PTS symptoms, 13.0%), and (3) Class 3 (high PTS symptoms, 6.1%). The results demonstrated that the young, women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others were more vulnerable to PTS symptoms; and they had more expression inhibition and less cognitive reappraisal in three latent classes. Conclusions: The findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid to vulnerable groups such as the young, women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others. Therapies to encourage emotional expression and increase cognitive reappraisal may also be helpful for trauma survivors.