RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To develop a standardized scale for measuring Chinese seafarers' occupational stressor and test its reliability and validity.Methods:The scale was developed based onliterature research,open questionnaire investigation,interviews and expert discussion.531 seafarers from nationwide were recruited to complete the pre-investigation.Totally 422 seafarers were tested with formal version for further confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability.Forty-eight seafarers were tested for test-retest reliability.The criterion validity was tested with the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90).Results:The Occupational Stressor Scale for Chinese Seafarers (OSSCS) included 52 items.Exploratory factor analysis generated 6 factors as occupational environment,health,interpersonal relationships,social environment,love and marriage,career development,which accounted for 62.0％ of the variance in all.Confirmatory factor analysisshowed that the model fit well (x2/df =2.28,CFI =0.94,IFI =0.93,NFI =0.91,TLI =0.92,RMSEA =0.06).The OSSCS scores were positively correlated with SCL-90 scores (r =0.37-0.67,Ps ＜ 0.01).Internal consistency reliabilities were 0.73-0.97,while test-retest reliabilities was 0.82-0.91.Conclusion:It indicates the developed Occupational Stressor Scale for Chinese Seafarers (OSSCS) is with good validity and reliability.
RÉSUMÉ
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and analyze the cognitive quality of professional divers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>165 professional divers were tested with Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), 80.8 Neural Type Measuring Form, etc. with 230 common people, 49 sailors and 66 trainee divers as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant difference among professional divers of different ages in the type of nerve activity, cognitive style, action stability, memory span, time reaction, the perception of space, act of attention and dark adaptation (P < 0.05); Over all, the cognitive quality of professional divers did not differ significantly in education level or working years (P < 0.05); Professional divers were superior to the common people in depth perception, cognitive style, act of attention, action stability, the perception of space and dark adaptation, but inferior to them in intelligence, memory span and time reaction (P < 0.05); There were significant difference in such cognitive indicators as the type of nerve activity, depth perception, kinesthetic memory, cognitive style, the perception of space and dark adaptation (P < 0.05); Compared with the trainee divers, professional divers were significantly better in the type of nerve activity, cognitive style, act of attention, action stability and the perception of space (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a specified profession, diving needs some particular cognitive quality, while the profession itself would affect professional divers' cognitive ability to a certain extent.</p>