Current Trends for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction during the Past 5 Years in Rural Areas of China's Liaoning Province: A Multicenter Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Since 2010, two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology. However, little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China, during two different periods (from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015). Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. In total, 607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>STEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group (63 years vs. 65 years, P = 0.039). We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension, prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and prior stroke. Over the past 5 years, the cost during hospitalization almost doubled. The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% (P < 0.0001). The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations. However, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time (13.01% vs. 10.20%, P = 0.121; 13.34% vs. 13.66%, P = 0.872).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Despite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies, in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved. Therefore, there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.</p>

Diagnostic Value of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 for Heart Failure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Many studies have explored the diagnostic performance of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) for heart failure (HF), but the results are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the role of sST2 in the diagnosis of HF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database from inception to April 2015. Studies that investigated the diagnostic role of sST2 for HF were reviewed. The numbers of true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative results were extracted to calculate pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and the summary receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to check the threshold effect. The Cochran Q statistic (P < 0.05) and the inconsistency index (I2 > 50%) were used to assess the nonthreshold effect. Meta-regression was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity; subgroup analysis showed the results in different subgroups. Finally, the Deeks' test was performed to assess the publication bias.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine articles including 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81-0.86), and pooled specificity was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76). The summary DOR was 8.49 (95% CI: 4.54-15.86), and AUC was 0.81 (standard error: 0.03). The Spearman correlation coefficient identified the nonsignificant threshold effect (coefficient = 0.49, P = 0.148), but the nonthreshold effect heterogeneity was significant (Cochran Q = 58.52, P < 0.0001; I2 = 84.6%). Meta-regression found that characteristics of controls might be the suggestive source of nonthreshold effect heterogeneity (P = 0.095). Subgroup analysis found that DOR was 5.65 and 7.86, respectively for the controls of hospital patients and healthy populations. Deeks' test demonstrated that there was no publication bias (P = 0.616).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The meta-analysis illustrated that sST2 might play a role in diagnosing HF.</p>

The process of application and implementation on methodologies for comparative effectiveness research / 中华流行病学杂志

Comparative effectiveness research is able to compare the clinical effects of diagnosis and treatment measures effectively,thus providing evidence for making medical decision.In addition that the large-scale clinical randomized controlled trials,cluster randomized trials,quasi-trial,and mathematical models have started to be used in the designing processes of comparative effectiveness research,observational studies on the foundation of electronic medical records have also been paid enough attention.For each research topic,every procedure on the following areas as:generation of a specific piece of evidence,as well as synthesis,communication,translation and application of related data need to have corresponding statistical methods to perform statistical analysis and quality control.

Prospective multi-center study of female patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Liaoning province, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In cardiology, it is controversial whether gender influences prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (MI). We examined the 30-day and 1-year prognosis for female patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Liaoning province, and we analyzed factors that influenced these outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study in which patient data were collected by questionnaire at the time of diagnosis and at approximately 30 days and 1 year later by telephone inquiries. Patients were diagnosed with STEMI between June 1, 2009 and June 1, 2010 at any of the 20 hospitals that gave treatment representative of current STEMI treatment in Liaoning Province. Unified follow-up questionnaire was used to visit the STEMI patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We analyzed data from a total of 1429 consecutive patients with STEMI in Liaoning province. Female patients were older (70.0 vs. 60.3, P < 0.001) and were less likely to receive emergency reperfusion therapy than male ones (39.2% vs. 58.0%, P < 0.001). Female gender was associated with higher unadjusted 30-day mortality rates (HR = 2.118, 95%CI: 1.572 - 2.854, P < 0.001) and higher unadjusted 1-year mortality rates (HR = 2.174, 95%CI: 1.659 - 2.848, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female gender was not an independent predictor of 30-day mortality rates (HR = 1.273, 95%CI: 0.929 - 1.745, P = 0.133) nor of 1-year mortality rates (HR = 1.112, 95%CI: 0.831 - 1.487, P = 0.475).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Women with STEMI appear to be at increased risk of 30-day and 1-year mortality compared with male STEMI patients, but this difference may be explained by older age and less frequent receipt of reperfusion therapy among the women.</p>

Meta analysis on the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and the levels of systolic blood pressure / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), so as to provide evidence for the development of prevention strategy and understanding the etiology of hypertension. Methods The articles on the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and systolic blood pressure levels were retrieved by searching international and national databases from 1999 to 2010. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and systolic blood pressure levels was assessed by meta analysis with Stata 11software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated,and the publication bias was assessed by Begg's test and Egger's test. Results (1) There was significant difference in SBP levels between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and normal subjects (WMD= 2.04 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.64 to 3.45, P＜ 0.05 ). (2) Subgroup analysis indicated that there was significant difference seen in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) mean difference values ＜7 mU/L group(WMD=2.33 mm Hg,95%CI:0.60 to 4.06,P＜0.05) but not in the group that TSH mean difference values were ＞7 mU/L. There was significant difference seen in the Asian group (WMD=2.62 mm Hg, 95%CI: 1.69 to 3.55,P＜0.05) in the community group(WMD=2.77mm Hg, 95%CI: 1.61 to 3.93, P＜0.05) but not in the European group and or in the hospital group.There was significant difference in the cross-sectional group (WMD=2.77 mm Hg, 95%CI: 1.61 to 3.93, P＜0.05), but not in the case-control group. (3) Results from both Begg' s test and Egger's test did not show significant difference, indicating that there was no publication bias existed.Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with the elevated systolic blood pressure. In terms of the role of subclinical hypothyroidism that might serve as one of the potential risk factor for the elevated systolic blood pressure. Well designed and large sample-sized prospective studies were necessary to confirm the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and systolic blood pressure.Random controlled trials were also needed to study whether the treatment could lower the risk. Active treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism might be useful for prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Meta-analysis on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the left ventricular functions under Doppler echocardiography / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the left ventricular functions under conventional 2D Doppler echocardiography and to provide evidence for the protection of heart function.Methods Literatures regarding the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and the left ventricular functions were retrieved in large databases from home and abroad for the last 12 years.The left ventricular systolic function was assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction and the shortening of left ventricular fraction.The left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by left ventricular early diastolic filling flow velocity,late diastolic filling flow velocity,their ratios(E/A),and the left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time.The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and the left ventricular functions were assessed by Meta-analysis with Stata 11 software.The weighted mean difference(WMD)and 95％ confidence interval(CI)were calculated,and the publication bias was assessed by Begg' s test.Results 1 3 eligible papers were included.(1)Statistics on the combined data showed that in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function indicators.There were significant differences in left ventricular late diastolic filling flow velocity(WMD=4.51,95％CI:2.41 to 6.61)and E/A(WMD=-0.22,95％CI:-0.30 to-0.13),as well as the left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time(WM D=6.13,95％ CI:2.79 to 9.48)between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and normal controls but,no significant difference was found in left ventricular early diastolic filling flow velocity.Looking at the left ventricular systolic function indicators.There were no significant differences in the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and normal controls.(2)Data from the subgroup analysis showed that the differences of left ventricular late diastolic filling flow velocity,E/A and left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time were significantly different between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and normal controls in the mean heart rate ≥72 bpm group.The difference of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time was significantly different in the mean heart rate ＜72 bpm group,and the difference of left ventricular late diastolic filling flow velocity was significant in the mean age ＜60-year-old group.Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,but not associated with the left ventricular systolic dysfunction.The results suggested that subclinical hypothyroidism might change the heart function which could be evaluated by Doppler echocardiography.

Multi-factoral analysis on the flap thickness influenced by laser operation in situ keratomileusis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the various factors that influencing the flap thickness after laser operation in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods 369 LASIK eyes (192 cases;among them, 15 patients for surgery monocular) with M2 130 microkeratome heads, grouped by left or right eye were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis based on age, sex, occupation, family history of myopia and ophthalmologic examination results before and after LASIK. The result of analysis of one-way variance which P＜0.05 as the variance to described with logistic regression analysis. Results Results from logistic regression analysis showed that the flap thickness after LASIK of right eye group was related to two factors: the preoperative refractive power (P = 0. 017, OR = 0. 832,95% CI : 0. 715-0. 968), and the corneal thickness ( P = 0. 000, OR = 1. 023,95% CI : 1.011-1. 036) while left eye group was related to three factors: the preoperative astigmatism power (P = 0.044, OR = 2.094, 95% CI: 1.021-4.294),negative pressure suction time ( P = 0. 019, OR = 1. 418,95% CI : 1. 059-1. 898) and the corneal thickness(P = 0. 000, OR = 1. 049, 95% CI : 1. 025-1. 073 ). Conclusion Corneal thickness, the preoperative astigmatism power and the negative pressure suction time tended to make the flap thicker while the preoperative refractive power tended to make the flap thinner. Results showed that the flap thickness performed at the first time was more obvious than at the second time.[ Key words] Laser in situ keratomileusis; Flap thickness; Multi-factor analysis

Multivariate analysis on the relationship between polymorphisms on chromosome 17 and essential hypertension / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship of polymorphisms of D17S1878, D17S932 sites and essential hypertension.Methods Sixty-seven pedigrees were collected at the region with high prevalence of hypertension. The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 sites were genotyped using Genetic Analyzer and GeneScan Software. Case-control study in sibs with different phenotype was carried out and logistic analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results There were significant differences on the distributions of age, male, drinking, average systolic pressure, average diastolic pressure, the characteristics of rash, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol amount, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein(LDL) between the hypertensive-affected sibs and the normotensive sibs (P＜0.05). There was significant difference between the affected hypertensive and normotensive sibs in the D17S1878 site (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference in D17S932 (P＞0.05 ). After non-conditional logistic analysis, data showed that both sites were not included in the model, while age( OR = 1.044,95%CI:1. 019-1. 069), drinking ( OR = 2. 644,95% CI : 1. 778-3. 932), the characteristics of rash ( OR = 3. 078,95%CI:1.721-5.504), triglyceride (OR= 1.305,95%CI: 1.016-1.676), LDL-C (OR= 1.787,95% CI:1. 296-2. 646), as risk factors, were included in the model. Conclusion The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 possibly were not associated with essential hypertension.

Polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 on the Chromosome 17 and risk of essential hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To identify the possible relationship between polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 on the Chromosome 17 and risk of essential hypertension (EH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 were genotyped using Genetic Analyzer in 325 subjects from 67 Chinese families with EH in Liaoning province. The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 sites were genotyped using Genetic Analyzer and GeneScan Software; PHASE2.1 Software was used in hyplotype analysis and affected sib pair analysis was used in linkage analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>61 hyplotypes were found in the study population with 272 hypertensive and 53 normotensive subjects and the frequency of haplotype H1 [(CA)(18)/(CA)(11)] in the hypertensive (15.4%) was significantly higher than that in the normotensive (6.3%, P < 0.05). Affected sib pair analysis could be applied in 180 subjects, the t values of the D17S1878 and D17S932 were 1.88 and 3.95, respectively (both P < 0.05) suggesting that the transitivity and consistency of the D17S1878 and D17S932 in sib pairs from the pedigrees were higher than expected (25%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 were possibly linked with predisposing genes of essential hypertension.</p>

Study on the influencing factors to cerebral stroke in a region with high prevalence rate of hypertension / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influencing factors on cerebral stroke in Zhangwu county, Liaoning province, a region with high hypertension prevalence rate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By cluster sampling method, 5208 adults ( > 18y. ) from 11 villages of 6 towns were registered. General information, common risk factors of cerebral stroke about these persons was recorded. Blood pressure together with several biochemistry indicators was determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Standardized prevalence of cerebral stroke in this region was 3.10%, and the difference between males and females was significant. Prevalence rate was increasing with age. Multiple-factor analysis revealed that the incidence rate of cerebral stroke was related to high blood pressure, high diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-DL-C (LDL-C) level with OR values of 95% CI as 2.958 (1.783-4.907), 2.803 (1.934-4.062), 1.154 (1.056-1.261), 1.080 (1.063-1.097), 0.390 (0.235-0.647) and 1.422 (1.008-2.006) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High blood pressure, in particular high diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and LDL-C level were main risk factors of cerebral stroke in Zhangwu countryside. However, HDL-C level was a protective factor. No new risk factors were discovered.</p>

Correlation analysis and identification of G421C in regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene with essential hypertension / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between G421C polymorphism in the regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene and essential hypertension and its molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 196 hypertensive patients (hypertension group) and 219 normotensive subjects (control group) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activity with different alleles was evaluated by reporter assay. A Myb responsive element was identified using gel retardation assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences were found in distribution of genotype and allele frequency of G421C between hypertension group and control group (P < 0.05), and homozygous GG genotype was independently associated with hypertension after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, and other risk factors (odds ratios 1.87, 95% CI 1.11-3.13, P < 0.05). 421G reporter construct showed decreased promoter activity compared with 421C reporter construct. 421G existed in Myb responsive element, whereas 421C damaged this motif.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>G421C polymorphism in the regulatory region of CYP4F2 gene is correlated with essential hypertension. 421G allele inhibits transcription by binding affinity of Myb responsive element.</p>

Linkage analysis of the polymorphism at D17S1878 site with essential hypertension / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the linkage of the polymorphism at D17S1878 site with susceptible gene of essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five pedigrees from the high prevalence region of the hypertension were collected. The polymorphism of D17S1878 site was genotyped with genetic analyzer and gene-scan software. Discordant sib pair analysis and affected sib pair analysis were used in linkage analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in the age, male, alcohol-consuming, over-salt intake, average systolic pressure, average diastolic pressure, waist-to-hip-ratio, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein between the hypertensive sib and the normotensive sib (P < 0.05). There were eleven alleles at D17S1878 site, and the allele frequency was significantly different between the hypertensive and normotensive sibs (P < 0.05). Forty-three pedigrees were analyzed with affected sib pair analysis (t = 3.05, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphism of D17S1878 may be linked with susceptible genes of essential hypertension.</p>

Research on the association between different levels of serum iron and essential hypertension / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between serum iron(SI) and essential hypertension (EHT) based on population-based samples.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using clustering multistage sampling method, all the people above 18 years old in the target population were investigated. Blood pressure was measured and the questionnaire was used to find out related factors. Five milliliters fast vein blood were drawn and the serum were used for testing on serum iron (SI) and other elements such as blood sugar, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium etc. A case control study was carried out with EHT patients from the selected population as case group, and the other healthy peoples as controls. Database was created by Fox Pro and SPSS 10.0 was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of SI, with (17.75 +/- 7.66) micromol/ L in EHT group and (17.23 +/- 7.83) micromol/L in control group, showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. The concentrations of SI also showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) between the high DBP and normal group with the average level as (17.84 +/- 7.58) micromol/L in high DBP group and (17.26 +/- 7.85) micromol/L in normal group. Data from monovariate analysis showed that the increase of SI was a risk factor for EHT, DBP and SBP. By multivariate analysis for EHT, while SI still existed in the model (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.057-1.590), but for SBP the results almost remained the same (OR = 1.285, 95% CI:1.102-1.498).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data from the results showed that SI was probably a risk factor for EHT.</p>

The genotype analysis of beta adrenergic receptor gene family in high risk population of hypertension in northeast China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genotype of Arg389Gly polymorphism in beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene(beta(1)-AR), Arg16Gly polymorphism in beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (beta(2)-AR) and Trp64Arg polymorphism in beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene (beta(3)-AR) in the high risk population of hypertension and analyze the role of the genes in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the genotypes of 144 hypertensives and 174 normotensives, and some biochemical indexes were tested. The association of the polymorphisms with essential hypertension was assessed in a case-control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of homozygote for the Gly389 allele of the beta(1)-AR was significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives. No statistically significant differences were found in the frequencies of Arg16Gly of beta(2)-AR and Trp64Arg of beta(3)-AR between hypertensives and normotensives.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this study, Arg389Gly polymorphism of beta(1)-AR was involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Individuals homozygous for the Gly389 allele of the beta(1)-AR are at increased risk of developing hypertension.</p>

The epidemiological survey of prevalence rate of hypertension in the countryside of Zhangwu county, Liaoning province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence state of essential hypertension in the countryside of Zhangwu county, Liaoning province to confirm whether this county is the high prevalence region of essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five thousand, two hundred and eight 15-year olds or older were sampled by means of whole population random sampling. Blood pressure was measured and the related risk factors were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. SPSS 10.0 of statistical software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.0% at this region, 40.0% in male, 32.0% in female. The prevalence rates of hypertension were increased with the increasing of the age in both males and females. There were significant statistically differences in the prevalence rates of hypertension between the different age groups, different countrysides and different villages. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension were 43.0% the highest and 29.0% lowest respectively in the countryside, with prevalence rates, were 59.4% highest and 26.9% lowest respectively in the village. In all the patients with hypertension, 72.0% having hypertension II, III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The countryside of Zhangwu county was a high prevalence region of essential hypertension which was unusual in our country. The reason of this status was still unknown which called for further study.</p>

Multifactor analysis of the reasons causing undercorrection after laser in situ keratomileusis / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between various factors and the undercorrection after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Of 1 391 eyes (696 cases), the undercorrection eyes grouped by left or right eye were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis based on age, sex, occupation, address, family history of myopia and all ophthalmologic examination results before and after LASIK.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the undercorrection after LASIK of both groups was related to four factors: the duration of myopia (left eye OR = 1.076, 95% CI: 1.030 - 1.124; right eye OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.046 - 1.142), preoperative refractive power (left eye OR = 7.799, 95% CI: 1.755 - 34.654; right eye OR = 28.823, 95% CI: 5.750 - 144.467), preoperative best corrected vision (left eye OR = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.000 - 0.262; right eye OR = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.000 - 0.144) and the corneal thickness (left eye OR = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.965 - 0.987; right eye OR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.964 - 0.986).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Longer duration of myopia and the more refractive power seemed to be the risk factors, while the better corrected vision and the thicker thickness of cornea the protect factors of undercorrection after LASIK.</p>

A case-control study on the risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the suburb of Shenyang / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relation between various risk factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population based case-control study was conducted, including 100 BPH patients over 60 years old living in suburb of Shenyang as study group, and 100 elderly men with non-BPH (excluding prostatic cancer and prostatitis) as control group. Chi(2) test and non-conditional logistic regression were used for monovariate analysis and multivariate analysis, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from monovariate analysis showed that BPH incidence was significantly related to body weight index, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, meal intake at the beginning of 1980's, hypertention and prostatitis, respectively. While multivariate non-conditional logistic analysis showed that BPH was related to five factors: prostatitis (OR = 5.577, 95% CI: 2.147 - 14.482), monthly intake of meats at the beginning of 1980's (OR = 4.930, 95% CI: 2.404 - 10.111), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.017 - 1.083), cigarette smoking (OR = 0.660, 95% CI: 0.500 - 0.872) and alcohol consumption (OR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.480 - 0.881).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prostatitis, monthly excessive intake of meats at the beginning of 1980's and high diastolic blood pressure were possible risk factors for BPH, while heavy cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were possible protective factors for BPH.</p>