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Objective By simulating acute hypoxic conditions, an experimental model of intestinal stress injury in plateau mice was established to explore the pathogenic mechanism of acute gastrointestinal diseases in plateau, and to lay foundation for preventive and therapeutic measures.MethodsThirty-six SPF-grade adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: normoxic 24 h, normoxic 72 h, hypoxic 24 h, and hypoxic 72 h, based on body weight using a randomized numerical table method, with nine mice in each group. Mice in the normoxic group were kept in a conventional barrier environment, while those in the hypoxic group were placed in a hypoxic chamber within the barrier environment with oxygen concentration set at 10% to simulate plateau conditions. They were subjected to stress for 24 h and 72 h, respectively, in order to establish a model of intestinal injury induced by acute hypoxia. After modeling, the mice were weighed, anesthetized with 1% pentobarbital sodium, and then euthanized by cervical dislocation. Duodenal and colonic tissues were collected. Histopathological morphology of intestinal tissues was observed after HE staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins in intestinal tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. TUNEL staining was used to assess apoptotic activity of intestinal epithelial cells, thus evaluating intestinal injury-related phenotypes in this model.Results Compared with the normoxic groups, mice in the 24 h and 72 h hypoxia groups showed weight loss, shortened duodenal villi, abnormal crypt structure, and decreased villus/crypt ratio. The colonic mucosa was infiltrated with inflammatory cells and irregular crypt structure. Expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were significantly decreased in duodenal and colonic tissues of mice in the 24 h and 72 h hypoxia groups (P<0.05). The expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was significantly up-regulated while expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated in duodenal tissues (P<0.05). Apoptotic activity of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). In addition, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels were significantly increased in duodenal tissues after 24 and 72 h of hypoxic stress(P<0.05). After 24 h of hypoxic stress, there was no significant change in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues (P>0.05), but after 72 h, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 mRNAs significantly increased in colon tissues of mice (P<0.05).Conclusion The usage of a hypoxia chamber to simulate an acute hypoxic environment in plateau can lead to abnormal intestinal tissue structure, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and induce intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, triggering an intestinal inflammatory response in stress mice. These findings indicate the successful construction of a mouse model for an acute hypoxic stress-induced intestinal injury.
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Objective Given that psychosocial stress can contribute to a series of diseases,such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome,we aimed to establish an experimental chronic restraint mouse intestinal stress injury model as a basis for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of chronic restraint stress-induced gastrointestinal diseases,and for developing preventive and curative measures.Methods Eighteen male SPF-grade BALB/c mice were acclimatized for 7 days and then divided into a control group and a chronic restraint stress group according to body weight,using a randomized numerical table method.The mice were subjected to restraint stress for 3 hours per day for 14 days to establish an intestinal injury model.The model was evaluated by observing body weight,pathological changes in intestinal histomorphology,expression of tight junction proteins,apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines.Results After 14 days of chronic restraint stress,model mice showed weight loss,shortened duodenal villus height,abnormal crypt structure,a decreased villus/crypt ratio,colonic mucosal inflammatory cell infiltration,and irregular crypt structure.Protein immunoblotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression levels of the duodenal and colonic tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 were significantly decreased in mice after chronic restraint stress(P＜0.05),while expression levels of the apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase-3 in intestinal epithelial cells were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Regarding the mRNA expression levels of intestinal inflammatory factors and chemokines,chronic restraint stress for 14 days significantly increased the gene expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-10 in the duodenum of mice(P＜0.05),and significantly increased the gene expression levels ofIL-1β,IL-6,and MCP-1 in the colon(P＜0.001).Conclusions The use of a behavioral restriction device to restrain mice continuously for 14 days led to abnormal intestinal tissue structure,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,and triggered an intestinal inflammatory response in the stressed mice,indicating successful establishment of a mouse model of intestinal injury by chronic restraint stress.
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Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment of the acute posterolateral complex(PLC)injuries of knee joint and then observe the clinical outcome.Methods Twelve cases(12 knees)of acute PLC injuries were treated from May 2006 to October 2008.Patients' age ranged from 23 to 47 years old,average 31 years.There were 9 males and 3 females.Rebuild the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)under arthroscope and then,locally suture the PLC injuries sites on those patients with PLC avulsion fraction.If there is PLC rupture,then locally suture the injury sites plus PLC reconstruction.Knee functions were evaluated by IKDC and Lysholm score.Results All patients were followed up for 12-18 months(mean,13.3 months).The preoperative range of motion was 118.00°±6.77°,which was 130.75°±3.05° after surgery.KT-1000 arthrometer measurement showed that the average posterior translation improved from(14.85+1.83)mm preoperatively to(4.18±1.88)mm postoperatively.Seven cases were normal(A grade),3 cases were nearly normal(B grade),1 abnormal(C grade),and 1 severely abnormal(D grade)according to IKDC standard.The preoperative Lysholm joint function score was 35-44,average 38.83 ±3.16,which was 79-91,average 84.92±3.73 after surgery.Conclusion To those acute PLC injuries with avulsion at the ligament extremities,locally suture should be taken.But for those with PLC rupture at the mid part of ligament,locally suture the injury sites plus PLC reconstruction helps get satisfactory outcome.
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Objective To explore the effect of heterosexual interaction training on rehabilitation in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Methods 246 patients of first-episode schizophrenic were divided into the study group and the control group with 123 cases in each group at random. Both groups were treat-ed with conventional pharmacotherapy under the orders of physicians in hospital. For the study group,both the male patients and the female patients took part in entertainment treatment activities,eating and interaction training together during the day, then they lived separately at night. Two groups were evaluated with BPRS and ITAQ before treatment and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week after treatment. Results The BPRS scores of the study group were significantly lower than the control group after 4th, 6th,and 8th week. The ITAQ scores of the study group were significantly higher than the control group after 4th, 6th,and 8th week. Conclusions The application of heterosexual interaction training in schizophrenic patients can alleviate illness condition, improve treatment compliance and rehabilitation.
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[Objective]To assess the functional outcome,influence factors and its management of lateral wedge high tibial osteotomy(HTO)in patients with symptomatic lateral thrust and varus malalignment.[Method]The results of 19 lateral closing wedge HTOs in patients with a symptomatic hyperextension-varus thrust were evaluated from 2000 to 2004.The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 49 years(ranged,47~54 years).Radiographs were analyzed to compare changes in femorotibial angle,tibial slope,and the height of the fibular head pre-and postoperatively.Functional results were evaluated according to the scoring system of HSS.The varus stress test was used to evaluated the posterolateral knee injury.We used a 5-point visual analogue scale to assess change in knee stability.[Result]Patients were followed for an average of 21 months.Femorotibial axis alignment was 184.5?～197?preoperatively and 167?～176?postoperatively;Posterior tibial slope was 2?～17?preoperatively and-4?～13?postoperatively;The height of fibular head was 7.7～18.5 mm preoperatively and-3.5～10.7 mm postoperatively(P=0.00).All patients had an increase in their HSS score postoperatively.Sixteen patients had Grade 1 posterolateral injuries and 3 patients had Grade 2 injures preoperatively,9 patients had Grades 1 injures and 10 patients had Grade 2 injures(P
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Objective To evaluate the intelligence level and different subscales in TS patients. Methods 64 patients with TS and 60 normal children were evaluated with C-WISC. Results The intelligence quotient of most TS patients fluctuated between normal and borderline range, all subscales except Vocabulary and knowledge, PIQ, VIQ and FIQ were significantly lower in TS patients than in controls (P＜0.05), the balance between PIQ and VIQ was poor in TS patients. Conclusion The intelligent quotient of TS patients was lower than that of normal children, TS patients had more imbalance in intelligence development.
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Adult Schistosoma japonicum worms and Oncomelania hupensis hupensis tissue sections were employed as antigens in the studies of anti-O.h.hupensis rabbit serum and anti-S.japonicum adult worm rabbit serum by indirect immunaperoxidase assay.The result indicated that the most prominent peroxidase reaction was presented in the adult worm sections and the head-foot and liver sections of O.h,hupensis.These suggested the possible presence of antigenic homology between Schistosoma japonicum and Oncomelania hupensis hupensis.(Figs.1-7)