Design and practice of a blended teaching mode based on SPOC: taking the teaching of medical statistics as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Simply relying on the introduction of online teaching resources on the platforms such as Chinese University Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to carry out online teaching, it is easy to encounter problems that the teaching resources are inconsistent with the learning situation and teaching syllabus of the students majoring in medical statistics of Binzhou Medical University, the lack of interaction among students, and the untimely teaching feedback. Therefore, on the basis of integrating the MOOC resources, we established asynchronous small private online course (SPOC) online curriculum resources for medical statistics that were suitable for the students of our school. The blended teaching mode of "SPOC+QQ living broadcast" was carried out. Before and after the implementation, two rounds of questionnaires were conducted to understand students' teaching and learning needs and teaching effect evaluation of online teaching, and then the teaching mode was optimized. The results show that the blended teaching mode of "SPOC + QQ living broadcast" designed in this study has the advantages of rich teaching resources, high enthusiasm of students, flexible teaching interaction, timely teaching feedback, and diversified teaching evaluation, which provides a reference for the better development of online and offline blended teaching reform in the future.

Construction of the second classroom system for college students based on the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Taking medical statistics major in Binzhou Medical University as an example, based on the outcome-based education theory, in order to enhance the innovation ability of university students, we put forward the systematic second classroom training system, including improving the personnel training system, implementing education, experiment teaching reform, and practice teaching reform. It has achieved outstanding results in the discipline competition, improved social service ability and high degree of employer satisfaction. The systematic second-class talent training system based on the outcome-based education theory can provide reference for other medical colleges and related applied majors.

Application of mixed teaching based on E-disciplinary platform in nutrition and food hygiene course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effects of mixed courses based on E-disciplinary platform on the teaching of nutrition and food hygiene.Methods:The study included in 31 preventive medicine students from group 1 to 3 Batch 2015 in Binzhou Medical University, who were divided into control group adopting (lecture-based learning, LBL) teaching model. While another 30 students from group 4-6 were divided into the experimental group adopting mixed teaching based on E-disciplinary platform. Analysis and assessments were done by course examinations and questionnaires. SPSS 20.0 was used for t test, rank sum test and chi-square test. Results:According to the course examinations, students in the experimental group got higher scores than those in the control group in terms of usual, examination and overall test scores [(46.17±8.84) points vs. (42.35±8.28) points; (37.31±6.58) points vs. (33.61±6.38) points; (81.97±9.18) points vs. (74.32±8.32) points, ( t=4.69, t=3.16, t=5.16, P< 0.01)]. Furthermore, the experimental group were better than the control group in the number distribution of excellent performance in usual, examination and overall test ( Z=2.71, Z=2.13, Z=4.57, P<0.05). The questionnaires demonstrated that the overall satisfaction rate of the experimental group (77.8%) was higher than that of the control group (47.8%) ( χ2=34.98, P<0.001). Conclusion:Student learning effect and the teaching quality can be improved by applying mixed teaching based on E-disciplinary platform.

Cystic echinococcosis of the waist and hip: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

A patient with cystic echinococcosis was presented with primary lesions in the waist and hip. The case was misdiagnosed as subcutaneous abscess at initial diagnosis, and then definitively diagnosed as echinococcosis by means of imaging examinations and anti-Echinococcus antibody test. This case was reported with aims to improve the awareness of cystic echinococcosis among clinical physicians to avoid and reduce the misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis.

Investigation on the influencing factors of free education for rural order-oriented medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To understand the influencing factors of free education for rural order-oriented medical students and to explore the willingness of students to serve at the grass-roots, so as to provide reference for further optimizing the free education of medical students.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire survey was performed among 196 medical undergraduates majoring in free clinical medicine in one medical university of Shandong Province in March 2018 and 198 undergraduates majoring in general clinical medicine enrolled in the same year. The results of the survey were analyzed by SAS 9.2, and chi-square test, rank sum test and logistic regression were used to make statistic analysis.Results:The factors such as score of the national university entrance exam (wald χ2 = 52.309, P < 0.001), household registration location (wald χ2 = 9.304, P = 0.002), whether the only child in the family (wald χ2 = 12.608, P < 0.001), average monthly income of the family (wald χ2 = 5.557, P = 0.018), decision makers (wald χ2 = 15.206, P = 0.002) and willingness to serve at the grass-roots medical institutions (wald χ2 = 67.832, P < 0.001) had influence on medical students' choice of free education for order directional medical students. There were 113 (57.65%) of the free medical students intended to work at the grass-roots, while only 16 (8.08%) of the general medical students who were willing to work at the grass-roots. Conclusion:The implementation of free education for order-oriented medical students policy can satisfy the wishes of some people who have the willingness to serve at the grass-roots, but their family income and college entrance examination scores are not high. However, there are still some problems, which need the joint efforts of the government health departments and the training colleges and universities, and the corresponding follow-up support policies should be issued by the state at the same time.

Progress of researches on novel diagnostic markers for alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Imaging and serological approaches play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis; however, they also suffer from some problems during their applications in clinical practices, which urges the identification of potential diagnostic markers. Novel serological, genomics and proteomics diagnostic markers alone or in combination may increase the sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis, which play vital roles in monitoring of disease courses and prognostic evaluation. This review mainly presents the advances in the studies on novel diagnostic markers for alveolar echinococcosis.

Piperine treating sciatica through regulating inflammation and MiR-520a/P65 pathway / 中国天然药物

Although the etiology of sciatica remains uncertain, there is increasing evidence that the disease process of sciatica is associated with the levels of inflammatory factors. Piperine, an alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum, has previously been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation and analgesic effects. The purpose of this study is to verify the regulatory relationship between miR-520a and p65 and to explore how miR-520a/P65 affects the level of cytokines under the action of piperine, so as to play a therapeutic role in sciatica. Through ELISA experiment, we confirmed that four inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β1) can be used as evaluation indexes of sciatica. The differentially expressed miRNA was screened as miR-520a, by microarray technology, and the downstream target of miR-520a was P65 by bioinformatics. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed that the expression of miR-520a was negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, positively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with p65 expression at mRNA level. The expression of p65 was positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines at the protein level verified by ELISA and Western blot. HE staining analysis showed that the nerve fibers were repaired by piprine, the vacuoles were significantly reduced, and the degree of nerve fiber damage was also improved. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of p65 decreased after administration of piperine. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that the luciferase signal decreased significantly after cotransfection of miR-520a mimics and p65 3'UTR recombinant plasmid. To sum up, in the rat model of non-compressed lumbar disc herniation, piperine plays a significant role in analgesia. MiR-520a can specifically and directly target P65, and piperine can promote the expression of miR-520a, then inhibit the expression of p65, down-regulate the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, and up-regulate the effects of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β1, so as to treat sciatica.

Influencing factors of KAP in B-learning mode: taking the course of Medical Statistics as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To apply the B-learning teaching mode into the Medical Statistic course, and to comparatively analyze the students' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Methods:In this study, undergraduates were investigated by self-designed questionnaires, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. SAS 9.3 statistical software was used to analyze the KAP evaluation and the influencing factors of online learning with chi-square test, t test and multiple regression analysis. Results:There were significant differences in students' cognitive status in three aspects: the role of online videos ( P=0.012 9), whether to submit assignments ( P=0.040 7), and whether to participate in discussions ( P=0.009 4). In terms of attitude, there were significant differences between the role of B-learning process ( P=0.027 1) and online learning interest ( P=0.013 7). And in the terms of practice, there were significant differences in the time of online learning ( P=0.002 4), weekly login times for online learning ( P=0.015 4) and ways to solve difficulties ( P=0.004 5). Conclusion:The B-learning mode applied to the course of Medical Statistics has greatly improved students' ability in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), and achieved good teaching effects.

FOXO4 maintains senescence in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by repressing apoptosis / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) on the senescence of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). The hUC-MSCs were induced to senescence by natural passage, and FOXO4 expression was inhibited by lentiviral shRNA transfection. The hallmark of cell senescence was analyzed by β-galactosidase staining, and the cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis of hUC-MSCs. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, FOXO4, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect FOXO4 expression. The amount of IL-6 secreted by hUC-MSCs was detected by ELISA. The results showed that, compared with the passage 1, senescent hUC-MSCs showed up-regulated expression levels of Bax and FOXO4, down-regulated expression levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3, and increased IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion. FOXO4 inhibition in senescent hUC-MSCs promoted cell apoptosis, reduced cell viability, and inhibited the mRNA expression and secretion of IL-6. These results suggest that FOXO4 maintains viability and function of senescent hUC-MSCs by repressing their apoptosis response, thus accelerating senescence of the whole cell colony.

Clinical characteristics of 175 cases with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, so as to provide more evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods The clinical records of 175 cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the 175 cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.6, and the mean age was (38.6 ± 12.9) years (range, 11 to 69 years). 93.7% of the patients (164 cases) were Tibetan, and 79.4% (139 cases) were from Guoluo Prefecture. 73.7% (129 cases) were herdsmen, and 58.3% (102 cases) were illiterate. The major clinical symptoms included upper abdominal pain, yellowing of skin and mucosa, and scleral icterus. 69.1% of the lesions were located in bilateral livers, and 63.4% of the cases have 2 and more lesions. 53.7% of the cases have their inferior vena cava involved by the lesions. In addition, the most affected neighboring organ was diaphragmatic muscle (21.7%), and lung was the most affected distant metastatic site (40.6%). Conclusions Advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is highly prevalent in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Screening of this disease is required in this region and rational treatment scheme should be developed.

Clinical characteristics of 175 cases with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, so as to provide more evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods The clinical records of 175 cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the 175 cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.6, and the mean age was (38.6 ± 12.9) years (range, 11 to 69 years). 93.7% of the patients (164 cases) were Tibetan, and 79.4% (139 cases) were from Guoluo Prefecture. 73.7% (129 cases) were herdsmen, and 58.3% (102 cases) were illiterate. The major clinical symptoms included upper abdominal pain, yellowing of skin and mucosa, and scleral icterus. 69.1% of the lesions were located in bilateral livers, and 63.4% of the cases have 2 and more lesions. 53.7% of the cases have their inferior vena cava involved by the lesions. In addition, the most affected neighboring organ was diaphragmatic muscle (21.7%), and lung was the most affected distant metastatic site (40.6%). Conclusions Advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is highly prevalent in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Screening of this disease is required in this region and rational treatment scheme should be developed.

Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides of apoptosis and autophagic death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons injured by oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on apoptosis and autophagic death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to OGD/R.The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,OGD/R group,and OGD/R+LBP groups (15,30 and 60 μg/mL LBP).The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.The cell damage was evaluated through detecting the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate.Apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL,and cleaved Caspase-3 was identified by immunofluorescence staining.Protein expression was detected by Western blotting.Results As compared with the control group,OGD/R group had significantly decreased cell viability (P＜0.05);and significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH release rate were noted in the LBP (15,30 and 60 μg/mL) treatment groups as compared with those in the OGD/R group (P＜0.05).The 60 μg/mL LBP treatment group had significantly smaller number of TUNEL-positive cells than the OGD/R group(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting both revealed that 60 μg/mL LBP treatment group had significantly decreased Beclinl level and ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 and ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC)3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,and statistically increased p62 level and ratio of Bcl-2/Bax as compared with OGD/R group (P＜0.05).Conclusion LBP treatment protects primary hippocampal neurons from OGD/R injury via inhibiting apoptosis and autophagic cell death.

Effect of fund support on cited times of Chinese papers on AIDS / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To study the effect of fund support on cited times of Chinese papers on AIDS by controlling the influence of confounding factors.Methods The effect of publication time of fund-supported papers and non fund-supported papers, h-index of authors, IF of journals on accumulated cited times of each academic paper was controlled by propensity score matching.The cited times of matched fund-supported papers and non fund-supported papers were compared by paired t test.Results The balance of confounding factors which were unbalanced before matching was achieved between fund-supported papers and non fund-supported papers after matching.No significant difference was found between fund-supported papers and non fund-supported papers after matching.Conclusion Fund support does not affect the cited times of Chinese papers on AIDS, which shows that fund support can not noticeably improve the academic level and impact of Chinese papers on AIDS.

Therapeutic action and side effects of long-term treatment with ibrutinib on systemic lupus erythematosus model mice induced by pristane / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and side effect of ibrutinib long-term treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model mice induced by pristane. METHODS Female 6-week old BALB/c mice were ip given pristane 0.5 mL once for SLE induction. Four weeks later, the SLE model mice were divided into three groups based on the body mass and serum level of anti-double-strand DNA (DS-DNA) antibody and treated with 1%methylcellulose (model control group, ig), ibrutinib (30 mg·kg-1, ig) or prednisone (10 mg·kg-1, ig), respectively, once daily for 28 weeks. Every 4 weeks, body mass of each mouse was measured. Autoantibodies against DS-DNA, single-strand DNA (SS-DAN), and histone were tested by ELISA. The incidence of lupus arthritis and clinical score of inflammation and edema were recorded and graded. Biochemical analysis of urea protein, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine was used to evaluate kidney function. Mice were euthanized post 28 weeks of dosing. Inter-leukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were tested by ELISA. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were collected and weighed for organ relative mass calculation. Biochemical analysis of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was used to evaluate liver function. Hind feet were collected for HE staining and pathological scoring to observe renal injury and inflammation. Immunohistochemical staining was used to study IgG immune complexes deposition in kidneys of lupus. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, autoantibodies (anti-DS-DNA, anti-SS-DNA and anti-histone antibodies), renal function indexes (serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine protein), and cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α) levels in model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). The model group mice had obvious clinical symptoms of arthritis (P<0.01), serious inflammation cell invasion (P<0.01), and the mass of kidneys and spleen increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group, after 28 weeks of treatment, ibrutinib decreased the level of anti-DS-DNA, anti-SS-DNA and anti-histone antibodies (P<0.01), decreased the lupus arthritis score (P<0.01) and the morbidity of arthritis, reduced the level of cyto-kines IL-6, IFN-γand TNF-α(P<0.01), reduced the level of serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen and urine protein (P<0.01), improved pathological symptoms of hind feet such as inflammation, cartilage destruction, bone resorption and pannus (P<0.01), alleviated renal tissue inflammatory cell invasion and the immune-complex precipitation, and reduced the mass of organs (spleen and kidneys, P<0.01) and the level of liver function (GPT and ALP, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with ibrutinib has therapeutic effect on the model mice of SLE, and has no obvious side effect.

Anti-tumor metastatic constituents from Rhodiola wallichiana / 中国中药杂志

To study the anti-tumor metastatic constituents in Rhodiola wallichiana (HK) S H Fu var Cholaensis (Praeg) S H Fu, chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography (silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40C and preparative HPLC). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. The anti-tumor metastasis assay was applied to evaluate the activities of the isolated compounds. Ten compounds (1-10) were isolated and their structures were identified by comparison of their spectral data with literature as follows: syringic acid (1), salidroside (2), tyrosol (3), scaphopetalone (4), berchemol (5), 2,6-dimethoxyacetophenone (6), rhobupcyanoside A (7), miyaginin (8), chavicol-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), eugenyol-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). Compounds 4-6 and 8-10, were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compound 7 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 6-8 showed positive anti-tumor metastatic activities, and compounds 2 and 8 showed significant anti-tumor metastatic activities.

The study on college students' security and its influencing factors / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To develop the security scale of college students' sense to investigate college students' subjective feeling of security.According to the characteristics of the feeling tendentiousness to analysis the subject and object factors influencing the insecurity of college students.Methods The security scale of college students' sense compiled was administrated to 500 college student randomly stratified cluster sampling from four universities in Yantai,then description and analysis were analyzed by SPSS17.0,AHP and SAS9.1 to statistical.Results Through the scale of exploratory factor analysis,the Cronbach' s of the scale was 0.629.College students in four dimensions of security and total security were in above-average levels,college students' total scorc of security is significance of difference in grade,gender and whether come from the single parent(all P＜0.05) ;Self security was significance of difference in the grade and the gender(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05) ; and interpersonal security in gender and whether come from the single parent had significance difference(P＜0.05) ;Determine control and family security in these demographic variable aspects had no significant differences.Multivariate factors analysis results showed that the decision tree model was better than the logistic model (the misclassification rate of the model was lower than the decision tree model).The main factors affecting the university students' security were gender,grade,the average income and whether they,were the only children.The misclassification rate of the decision tree model was lower than the model of logistic.College students' sense of dimensions are significant with positive correlation,the dimension of the security level may affect other security of the situation.Conclusion The security scale of college students' sense has good reliability and validity and can be used in the study of college security.The factor analysis determines it can be used multiple factors analysis.The survey shows that the overall security of the crowd' s is over the average level.The gender,grade,annual per-capita income and whether the one-child are the potential factors that affect college students' insecurity.

Genetic polymorphisms of 16 STR loci in Tibetan Mastiff / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic polymorphisms of 16 STR loci from 449 Tibetan Mastiffs in order to set up gene polymorphism database of Tibetan Mastiff.@*METHODS@#The PCR amplification was performed using the 16 STR loci fluorescent multiple amplification kit for dog. The amplified products were detected and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the 16 STR loci from 449 Tibetan Mastiffs, CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999 and CEP was 0.999 997 795. Except FH2010 (10 alleles), PEZ21 (12 alleles), and PEZ05 (13 alleles), the other STR loci had more than 15 alleles. In the 16 STR loci, H was > 0.5 and PIC was > 0.7.@*CONCLUSION@#The 16 STR loci have high polymorphism to be suitable for individual identification and paternity testing of Tibetan Mastiff. The data obtained through this study can be used to establish DNA polymorphism database of Tibetan Mastiff.

Study of the correlation between 51 immune infertility patients of the Han nationality in Anhui and HLA-DQA1 gene and treatment of Mianbu III / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between anti-sperm antibody-positive immune infertility patients and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQA1 gene, and to study the correlation between the treatment of Chinese medicine and pharmacy and HLA-DQA1 genotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique was used in studying HLA-DQA1 genotypes of 51 anti-sperm antibody-positive immune infertility patients and 60 healthy subjects. Mianbu III (consisting of rehmannia root, white peony root, Fructus Comi, yam, barbary wolfberry fruit, moutan bark, and dwarf lilyturf root) was used in patients for three months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HLA-DQA1 *0401 allele in the immune infertility group was obviously higher than that in the healthy control group (chi2 = 29.869, P < 0.01). As for the therapeutic efficacy 22 cases of the 27 positive HLA-DQA1 * 0401 turned to negative with statistical difference (chi2 = 5.24, P = 0.022).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLA-DQA1 *0401 allele might be predisposing gene of the anti-sperm antibody-positive immune infertility. The Chinese medicinal treatment was effective for the HLA-DQA1 *0401 allele patients.</p>

Association between interleukin-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD). Methods A total of 109 patients with SAD and 109 healthy controls matched for age and gender were enrolled in our study with case-control method. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (C/A) of gene promoter of IL-18 at position -607. Results Significant differences in the C/A genotype and allele distributions of IL-18 promoter at position -607 were noted between patients with SAD and controls (P=0.041 and P=0.021, respectively). The CC genotype frequency of gene promoter of IL-18 at position -607 in patients with SAD was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (x2=4.109, P=0.043); and the people with this genotype had a 1.90-fold increased risk as compared with the people with other genotypes (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.017-3.550).Conclusion The C/A polymorphisms of IL-18 gene promoter at position -607 are correlated with SAD in Han Chinese population. People with -607CC in IL-18 gene promoter have an increased risk of SAD.

Establishment of multivariate reference range of P-wave amplitude based on depth function / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To establish a multivariate reference range for ECG while considering the relation between multiple variables. Methods A total of 777 female undergraduates in a university were taken as the subjects and the P-wave amplitude was taken as an example to establish a multivariate reference range for P-wave amplitude by using Mahalanobis Depth Function. Results P-wave amplitude of the female undergraduates was established as follows, for a 95% CI of multivariate reference range,Depth≥0.035 521 6. Conclusion Multivariate reference range for ECG obtained in this study allows for a comprehensive utilization of the ECG data and can help the clinical diagnosis using ECG.