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Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome referring to the co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.Its pathogenesis involves factors such as genetics, mechanics of the musculoskeletal system, endocrine regulatory mechanisms and molecular signaling pathways.In clinical practice, aside from comprehensive assessment of risk factors, screening of bone density, muscle strength, muscle mass and the overall body function must also be undertaken.Intervention measures primarily include therapeutic exercise, nutritional support and drugs.
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Based on the theory of “manifestation-body and spirit-qi”, it is considered that the pathogenesis of tic disorders (TD) involves three manifestations of “wind, phlegm and fire”, with wind as the leading factor and phlegm and fire as the accompanying factors. It is advocated to identify the abnormality of body and spirit, summarize the evolution of manifestation, and prescribe flexibly based on qi movement of zang-fu organs. Among them, the common symptoms related to tics are mostly belong to wind symptoms, which originated from lung qi failing to purify and liver qi over-ascent. The method of soothing liver wood and purifying lung gold is adopted, and modified Xiaochaihu Decoction (小柴胡汤) and Cangerzi Powder (苍耳子散) are recommended; Patients with prolonged illness and strange symptoms are often mixed with phlegm, which stemmed from the fact that spleen failing to rise clear and stomach failing to downward turbid. The method of raising spleen-earth and lowering stomach-earth is adopted, and modified Yigong Powder (异功散) and Erchen Decoction (二陈汤) are recommended; Patients with severe symptoms are often mixed with fire symptoms, which originated from discordance of water and fire and hyperactivity of heart fire. The method of interacting heart and kidney and coordinating water and fire is adopted, and modified Xiegan Pill (泻肝丸) and Liuwei Dihuang Pill (六味地黄丸) are recommended, in order to regulate qi movement, harmonize body and spirit, and improve the symptoms.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of the B7-H4 gene rs10754339 and miR-125a gene rs12976445 on cancer susceptibility through a case-control study and meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#A total of 1,490 cancer patients (lung/gastric/liver/: 550/460/480) and 800 controls were recruited in this case-control study. The meta-analysis was performed by pooling the data from previous related studies and the present study.@*RESULTS@#The results of this study showed that in the Hubei Han Chinese population, the rs10754339 gene was significantly associated with the risk of lung and gastric cancer but not liver cancer, and the rs12976445 gene was significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer but not liver or gastric cancer. The meta-analysis results indicated that rs10754339 and rs12976445 contributed to cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population and also revealed a significant association between rs10754339 and breast cancer risk, as well as between rs12976445 and lung cancer risk.@*CONCLUSION@#The B7-H4 gene rs10754339 and miR-125a gene rs12976445 may be the potential genetic markers for cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population, which should be validated in future studies with larger sample sizes in other ethnic populations.
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Humains , microARN/génétique , Tumeurs de l'estomac/génétique , Études cas-témoins , Tumeurs du poumon/génétique , RisqueRésumé
Fumarate hydratasedeficient renal cell carcinoma(FH-RCC)is s a rare and highly aggressive and metastatic form of renal cell carcinoma. Clinical diagnosis is relatively challenging, and there is a lack of recognized systemic treatment options. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of this disease and fully integrate family history, imaging findings, and pathological manifestations for clinical identification, and genetic testing shoule be conducted when necessary. Improved patient prognosis can be achieved through the selection of appropriate curative surgery or systemic treatment strategies.
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Objective: To investigate the functional somatic discomfort status, and to analyze the effect of job stress, hostile attribution bias and ego depletion on functional somatic discomfort in clinical nurses. Methods: In May 2019, 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were randomly selected as sampling cities. Using the stratified cluster sampling method, nurses of clinical nursing posts in 22 third class hospitals and 23 second class hospitals were selected as the research objects. The general information, job stress, hostile attribution bias, ego depletion and functional somatic discomfort of clinical nurses were investigated by self-designed general information questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Social Information Processing-attribution Bias Questionnaire, Self-regulatory Fatigue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15. 1200 clinical nurses included, and a total of 1159 valid questionnaires were collected, the effective rate of questionnaire collection was 96.6%. The t test was used to compare the difference of the functional somatic discomfort scores of clinical nurses with different demographic characteristicst. The influence of job stress, hostile attribution bias and ego depletion on functional somatic discomfort of clinical nurses were analyzed with Bootstrap. Results: The functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses was (8.95±4.38), of which 859 (74.12%) had functional somatic discomfort symptom. The functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses aged 36-50 years old was higher than that of 19-35 years old, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses with service age ≥5 years was higher than that of <5 years, the functional somatic discomfort score of non-permanent clinical nurses was higher than that of permanent clinical nurses, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals was higher than that of secondary hospitals, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses in surgical departments were higher than those in non-surgical departments, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Job stress affected functional somatic discomfort through the single mediating role of hostile attribution bias, the single mediating role of ego depletion, and the chain mediating role of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion (β=0.17, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20; β=0.16, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20; β=0.07, 95%CI: 0.03-0.10; P<0.05) . Conclusion: The functional somatic discomfort symptoms of clinical nurses are significant and varied among different age, working age, employment form, hospital grade and department groups. They are affected by work stress directly and through the separate mediating effect of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion, and the chain mediating effect of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion.
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Humains , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Jeune adulte , Hostilité , Stress professionnel/épidémiologie , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Centres de soins tertiaires , Infirmières et infirmiersRésumé
Objective@#This study aimed to examine the effects of microcirculatory dysfunction and 654-1 intervention after cardiopulmonary resuscitation on myocardial injury.@*Methods@#Landrace pigs were divided into a sham operation group (S group, n= 6), ventricular fibrillation control group (VF-C group, n= 8) and 654-1 intervention group (VF-I group, n= 8). Hemodynamics was recorded at baseline, at recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h thereafter. Sidestream dark field (SDF) technology was used to evaluate and monitor the microcirculation flow index, total vessel density, perfusion vessel ratio, De-Backer score, and perfusion vessel density in animal viscera at various time points.@*Results@#After administration of 654-1 at 1.5 h post-ROSC, the hemodynamics in the VF-I group, as compared with the VF-C group, was significantly improved. The visceral microcirculation detected by SDF was also significantly improved in the VF-I group. As observed through electron microscopy, significantly less myocardial tissue injury was present in the VF-I group than the VF-C group.@*Conclusion@#Administration of 654-1 inhibited excessive inflammatory by improving the state of visceral microcirculation.
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Animaux , Réanimation cardiopulmonaire , Microcirculation , Suidae , Fibrillation ventriculaire/thérapieRésumé
This study explored whether Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharides(SSP) activates the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway to protect against liver damage jointly induced by multiple heavy metals. First, based on the proportion of dietary intake of six heavy metals in rice available in Beijing market, a heavy metal mixture was prepared for inducing mouse liver injury and HepG2 cell injury. Forty male Kunming mice were divided into five groups: control group, model group, glutathione positive control group, and low-and high-dose SSP groups, with eight mice in each group. After 30 days of intragastric administration, the liver injury in mice was observed by HE staining. In the in vitro experiment, MTT assay was conducted to detect the effects of SSP at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg·mL~(-1) on HepG2 cell survival at different time points. The content of alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the 48-h cell culture fluid was measured using micro-plate cultivation method, followed by the detection of the change in reactive oxygen species(ROS) content by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells were determined by RT-PCR, and their protein expression by Western blot. HE staining results showed that compared with the model group, the SSP administration groups exhibited significantly alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty infiltration in the liver, with better outcomes observed in the high-dose SSP group. In the in vitro MTT assay, compared with the model group, SSP at four concentrations all significantly increased the cell survival rate, decreased the ALT, AST, and ROS content(P<0.05), and down-regulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression(P<0.05). SSP significantly improves inflammatory infiltration in the liver tissue of mice exposed to a variety of heavy metals and corrects the liver fat degeneration, which may be related to its regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, reduction of ROS, and alleviation of oxidative damage.
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Animaux , Mâle , Souris , Heme oxygenase-1/métabolisme , Foie , Métaux lourds/métabolisme , Facteur-2 apparenté à NF-E2/métabolisme , Stress oxydatif , Polyosides/pharmacologie , ARN messager/métabolisme , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène/métabolisme , Sagittaria/métabolismeRésumé
Objective: To explore the influence mechanism of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion between effects of workplace violence on burnout sense in clinical nurses. Methods: In May 2019, 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were selected as sampling cities by the method of grabbing random balls. Using the stratified cluster sampling method, nurses in clinical nursing posts in 22 third class hospitals and 23 second class hospitals were selected as the research objects for a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, including 1200 nurses. A total of 1159 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 96.6%. 1159 clinical nurses were investigated by workplace violence scale, event impact scale, self-regulation fatigue scale and job burnout scale. The items contained in the questionnaire were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis with Harman single factor test, and the demographic characteristics of nurses' workplace violence, invasive thinking, self loss and job burnout were compared and analyzed with s-n-k. Results: Those with less than 3 years of service, those with more than 3 years of aggressive thinking and self loss score, and those with less than 3 years of job burnout score; The score of job burnout of unmarried was lower than that of married; The scores of invasive thinking and self loss of non editors were higher than those of current editors; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking, self loss and job burnout of clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals were higher than those in secondary hospitals; The score of job burnout of undergraduate and above is higher than that of junior college and below; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking and self loss of clinical nurses in surgical departments were higher than those in non-surgical departments; The job burnout score of those aged 36 and above was higher than that of those aged <36, The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05) . Aggressive thinking and self attrition played a mediating role between workplace violence and job burnout. Workplace violence affected job burnout through the single mediating role of aggressive thinking, the single mediating role of self attrition, and the chain mediating role of aggressive thinking self attrition (β=0.16、0.08、0.03, 95%CI: 0.251~0.190、0.121~0.028、0.050~0.012, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Workplace violence affects burnout sense through the independent mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion and the chain mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion in clinical nurses.
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Adulte , Sujet âgé , Humains , Épuisement professionnel , Études transversales , Satisfaction professionnelle , Infirmières et infirmiers , Renouvellement du personnel , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Lieu de travail , Violence au travailRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of dasatinib on the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) derived from healthy donors (HDs) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HDs (n=10) and CML patients (n=10) who had got the remission of MR4.5 with imatinib treatment. The generation of moDCs from PBMCs was completed after 7 days of incubation in DC I culture medium, and another 3 days of incubation in DC II culture medium with or without 25 nmol/L dasatinib. On the 10th day, cells were harvested and expression of molecules of maturation related marker were assessed by flow cytometry. The CD80+CD86+ cell population in total cells was gated as DCs in the fluorescence-activated cell storting (FACS) analyzing system, then the expression of CD83, CD40 or HLA-DR in this population was analyzed respectively.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of CD80+CD86+ cells in total cells didn't show a statistical difference between HD group and patient group (89.46%±9.70% vs 87.39%±9.34%, P=0.690). Dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.008) and HLA-DR (P=0.028) on moDCs derived from HDs compared with the control group, while the expression of CD83 on moDCs didn't show a significant difference between dasatinib group and the control group (P=0.428). Meanwhile, dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.023), CD83 (P=0.038) and HLA-DR (P=0.001) on moDCs derived from patients compared with the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#For CML patients, the same high proportion of moDCs as HDs can be induced in vitro, which provides a basis for the application of DC-based immunotherapy strategy. Dasatinib at the concentration of 25 nmol/L can efficiently promote the maturation of moDCs derived from HDs and CML patients in vitro. Dasatinib shows potential as a DC adjuvant to be applied in DC-based immunotherapy strategies, such as DC vaccine and DC cell-therapy.
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Humains , Différenciation cellulaire , Cellules cultivées , Dasatinib/pharmacologie , Cellules dendritiques , Antigènes HLA-DR/pharmacologie , Leucémie myéloïde chronique BCR-ABL positive/métabolisme , Agranulocytes , MonocytesRésumé
Objective:To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with lower abdominal incisions in the surgical treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 52 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, who received radical nephrectomy using the retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with a lower abdomen incision approach in Hubei Provincial General Hospital of Armed Police Force from April 2005 to December 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. All 52 patients had unilateral renal pelvic and ureteral cancer but with no lymph nodes or distant metastasis. During general anesthesia in a healthy side-lying position, patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The affected ureter was clamped but not disconnected. Renal blood vessels were clamped with Hem-o-lock clips. Renal arteries and veins were cut off. Then the kidney was completely isolated. Three laparoscopic incisions were sutured. After taking the patients to be in the supine position, a 5-6 cm-long incision was made in the lower abdomen on the affected side. The lower ureter was dissociated from the bladder. A 1.5 cm-long bladder wall was dissected in the sleeve manner. The affected kidney and ureter were completely removed from the lower abdomen through the made small incision. A rubber drainage tube was inserted in another incision made at the lower end of the prior incision.Results:Operations were successful in all 52 cases. No cases were converted to open surgery, had blood transfused, or needed secondary surgery. There were no complications such as urinary leakage, incision infection, or massive bleeding. Postoperative pathology reported 41 cases of renal urothelial carcinoma and 11 cases of ureteral urothelial carcinoma. Forty-eight patients provided follow-up data, and four did not because of being lost. One patient died of a cardiovascular accident 13 months after surgery. Cystoscopy revealed that 47 cases had no bladder tumor, local or distant metastasis.Conclusion:The retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with lower abdominal incisions approach is suitable for radical resection of renal pelvic or ureteral cancer owing to ease in operation, few requirements for surgical instruments, minimal invasion, and rapid recovery.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the association among job burnout, tolerance to uncertainty and working with sickness in clinical nurses. METHODS: A total of 1 159 clinical nurses from 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were recruited by stratified cluster sampling method and tested by questionnaires including the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale-14, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-general Survey. Bootstrap was used to analyze the association among perceived stress, tolerance to uncertainty, working with sickness and job burnout. RESULTS: Perceived stress score was(31.4±4.8), and 802(69.2%) of nurses had high perceived stress level. The score of tolerance to uncertainty was(29.8±8.5), and the score of working with sickness score was(5.5±2.0). The job burnout score was(47.9±11.8), and 570(49.2%) nurses had job burnout. Bootstrap test results showed that the perceived stress score positively affected job burnout score [standardized partial regression coefficient(β)=0.30, P<0.01]. Working with sickness score played a regulatory role between perceived stress and job burnout scores(β=0.16, P<0.01), and tolerance to uncertainty score played an intermediary role between perceived stress and job burnout scores(β=0.08, P<0.01). The regulating effect of working with sickness score played a role through the mediation of tolerance to uncertainty score. CONCLUSION: Job burnout was very serious in clinical nurses. Perceived stress can directly or through tolerance to uncertainty affect the job burnout of clinical nurses and is synergistically affected by sickness presenteeism.
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This study introduces the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the adjustment of response initiatives, and the global variation of novel coronaviruses and vaccination in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. It summarizes the achievements in prevention and control efforts in China during COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, it describes the key public health issues in Chinese response strategy that includes: promoting the establishment of a population immunization system; optimizing health certification by unifying health codes, trip codes, and vaccine passes as a triple-identification at the national level; retaining nucleic acid testing as a technical means of detecting the source of infection and epidemiological investigation of close contacts; adhering to the requirements of public places, public transportation and other measures such as wearing masks; strengthening the surveillance of COVID-19 and respiratory infectious diseases; normalizing the timing of implementation of prevention and control strategies.
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This study introduces the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the adjustment of response initiatives, and the global variation of novel coronaviruses and vaccination in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. It summarizes the achievements in prevention and control efforts in China during COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, it describes the key public health issues in Chinese response strategy that includes: promoting the establishment of a population immunization system; optimizing health certification by unifying health codes, trip codes, and vaccine passes as a triple-identification at the national level; retaining nucleic acid testing as a technical means of detecting the source of infection and epidemiological investigation of close contacts; adhering to the requirements of public places, public transportation and other measures such as wearing masks; strengthening the surveillance of COVID-19 and respiratory infectious diseases; normalizing the timing of implementation of prevention and control strategies.
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Drug problem is a major social and public security problem in the world. Drug abuse poses a great threat to economic development, social stability and public health. In recent years, synthetic drugs represented by methamphetamine have surpassed traditional drugs such as morphine, heroin, ketamine and become one of the most abused drugs in the world. In order to solve the problem of drug abuse, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to carry out all-round and multi-level scientific research on drug-related issues. Based on the current situation of drug abuse, this article reviews research progresses on the epidemiology of methamphetamine abuse, the monitoring technology, the basic researches on toxicity damage, the withdrawal drug screening, the related clinical comorbidity and the testing technologies, comprehensively presenting the development trend of methamphetamine abuse related issues.
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Humains , Troubles liés aux amphétamines/épidémiologie , Héroïne , Substances illicites , Métamfétamine/effets indésirables , Détection d'abus de substancesRésumé
Objective:To investigate the antitumor effect and the mechanism of Dunhuang Pingweiwan and its decomposed recipes based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in SCG-7901 gastric cancer-mice. Method:The subcutaneous tumor bearing model of SCG-7901 gastric cancer in mice was established, and the the mice were randomized into model group, Dunhuang Pingweiwan group (14.04 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>), Huoxue Jiedu group (6.50 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>), Wenzhong Sanhan group (3.64 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) and cisplatin group (2 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>), with 8 mice in each group. From the 8<sup>th</sup> day of inoculation, the mice were administered for 10 consecutive days. The mice were weighed and the general conditions were observed every other day. On the next day of the last administration, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumor was removed and weighed to calculate the anti-tumor rate. The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in tumor tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Result:From the 10<sup>th</sup> day of inoculation, the mice in cisplatin group were generally in poor condition and their body mass decreased. The mice in model group, Dunhuang Pingweiwan group, Huoxue Jiedu group and Wenzhong Sanhan group were generally fair, and their body mass increased without significant difference among groups. The tumor inhibition rates of Dunhuang Pingweiwan, Huoxue Jiedu, Wenzhong Sanhan and cisplatin groups were 30.74%, 24.80%, 4.19% and 63.84%, respectively. Except for Wenzhong Sanhan group, tumor weight of the other treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the model group (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and there was no significant difference between the Dunhuang Pingweiwan and Huoxue Jiedu group. Dunhuang Pingweiwan and Huoxue Jiedu group could significantly reduce tumor cell density and cause tumor cell necrosis. Compared with the model group, the expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR mRNA and protein in the Dunhuang Pingweiwan, Huoxue Jiedu and cisplatin groups significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), and there was no significant difference between the Dunhuang Pingweiwan group and Huoxue Jiedu group. Conclusion:Dunhuang Pingweiwan and its decomposed recipes (Huoxue Jiedu) have a certain anti-tumor effect on the SCG-7901 gastric cancer-mice, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of key molecules in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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The key technology of the device for the viviperception of the animal mesenteric microcirculation is to simulate the celiac environment in the device. The technical requirements of the device for microcirculation viviperception are that the observation box should be able to "keep warm, preserve moisture, continually perfuse, and fix the sample"; and the lighting should be "intense", "convergence", and "cool". After actual application, it was found that the newly designed and developed the device by research personnel of Wannan Medical College for the viviperception of the animal mesenteric microcirculation can meet the technical requirements, which is able to "keep warm, preserve moisture, continually perfuse, and fix the sample", and using LED lamp as the microscope light source is "intense", "convergence", and "cool". This device is ingenious and reasonable in design, stable in technology, convenient in operation, and competent in microcirculation viviperception. It solves the technical problem to simulate the celiac environment for mesenteric microcirculation viviperception. The device provides convenience to observe and study the microcirculation, which is worth to be applicated widely.
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Objective:To explore the protective effect of Gegen Qinliantang on the intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier function of ulcerative colitis (UC) mice, and to explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of ulcerative colitis via matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. Method:The 48 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, sulfasalazine group (0.3 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Gegen Qinliantang high, medium and low dose groups (2.84,1.42,0.71 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>). The UC murine model was established by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Gegen Qinliantang and sulfasalazine were intragastrically administered on the 8<sup>th</sup> day after the model was established for 7 days, and the normal group was treated with the same amount of normal saline. Colon tissues were collected after the last administration, and the pathological changes of colon tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as Occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in colon tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<italic>α</italic>), interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> (IL-1<italic>β</italic>), and MMP-9 mRNA in colon tissues were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), p38 MAPK and MMP-9 protein in colon tissues was detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group, the body weight of mice decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.01) and disease activity index (DAI) score increased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01) in model group, the colon tissues of the model group were damaged more obviously, the expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins in model group was significantly reduced (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the relative expression levels of TNF-<italic>α</italic>, IL-1<italic>β</italic>, and MMP-9 mRNA in model group were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.01), the expression of p-p38 MAPK and MMP-9 in model group was significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with model group, the body mass and DAI score of the sulfasalazine group and Gegen Qinliantang group were significantly improved (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01), the colonic tissues damage were significantly improved, and the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 protein was significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01), the relative expression levels of TNF-<italic>α</italic>, IL-1<italic>β</italic>, and MMP-9 mRNA were significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the expression of p-p38 MAPK and MMP-9 was significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The changes in the middle dose group were the most obvious among the various dose groups of Gegen Qinliantang. Conclusion:Gegen Qinliantang repairs the intestinal mucosal barrier function by inhibiting the expressions of MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic>, blocking the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and increasing the expressions of tight junction protein.
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Lipid raft nanodomains of plasma membrane are rich in saturated lipids‚ cholesterol‚ sphingolipids‚ functioning as multimolecular platforms to recruit signaling and trafficking proteins involved in an array of physiological processes‚ which are critical for regulating signal transduction in cell. The staggering complexity of cell membranes and the transient formation of nanodomains greatly hinder research on lipid rafts by traditional experimental means. Molecular dynamics simulations have provided important insight into the organizational principles of cell membranes recently. Simulated membrane systems are under a transition from simple membrane models to multicomponent systems‚ culminating in realistic models of various cell types. Coarse-grained models have been extensively adopted as a powerful tool to explore membrane organization and interactions between lipids and proteins‚ providing efficient computational speed and enabling complex systems. In this work‚ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with MARTINI force field were performed to build a raft-forming membrane with mixed lipids‚ including negatively charged lipid PIP2. Mixed lipids in this model were spontaneously partitioned into binary-phase membrane during 5 μs simulations by low temperature (295 K) treatment‚ forming lipid ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) nanodomains. Results of membrane thickness‚ lipid distribution‚ membrane fluidity‚ order parameters of the acyl tails‚ radial distribution functions were consistent with simulation and experimental data. Addition of small amounts of PIP2 did not affect the raft formation‚ and it showed remarkable affinity to lipid raft nanodomains. Simulations of the signaling transmembrane protein CD3ε in our raft-forming membranes were further performed to study the protein-lipid interaction as well. Results showed that the cytoplasmic tail of CD3ε was recruited to the Lo/ Ld boundary due to PIP2 binding‚ and this binding was regulated by Ca
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ObjectiveThere are many methods for the detection of hydroxyproline (HYP), but few of them are suitable for the detection of lung tissue in mice. We intend to establish an accurate and reliable method for measuring HYP levels based on mouse lung tissues to assess the degree of fibrosis development more effectively.MethodsBased on the alkali hydrolysis method, the effects of the concentration of alkali hydrolysate and hydrolysis time on the determination results of HYP level in mice lung tissue were compared; the effects of the changes of experimental conditions on the determination results of HYP standard were compared; and the results of the determination of HYP level in mice lung tissue under dry and wet conditions were compared on the basis of the above experimental results.ResultsThe optimum concentration of alkali hydrolysate is 2 mol/L and the optimum hydrolysis time is 20 min. The optimum pH value of citric acid buffer is 6.0-6.5. The optimum solvent for chloramine T is methanol, the optimum reaction time for chloramine T solution is 15 min, the optimum reaction time for perchloric acid solution is 5 min, and the optimum reaction time for 4-(dimethylamino) benzoyl toluene is 5 min. The optimum condition of aldehyde solution color development is that it is bathed in water at 85 for 3 minutes. Some related reagents are stored in suitable environment after preparation, and the experimental data will not be affected within 7 days. Dry lung tissue of mice can improve the detection level of HYP. The improved experimental protocol was applied to the bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model, and the HYP measurement results were significantly higher than that of the original protocol.ConclusionAn accurate and reliable method for the determination of hydroxyproline in lung tissue of mice was established.
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The pathological anatomical results of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients showed that excessive inflammatory reaction in the lungs is one of the important causes for such complications as acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, regulation of immune response may be an effective measure for COVID-19. Alveolar macrophages have a high heterogeneity and plasticity. The dynamic changes of subsets balance and function of M1/M2 alveolar macrophages have a significant effect on pulmonary inflammatory response during the early and late stages of infection. This paper reviews the classification and function of macrophages and explores the mechanism of alveolar macrophage in the pathological process of COVID-19 at different stages and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, it provides ideas for the treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine and other drugs' research and development based on the regulation of macrophage polarization.