RÉSUMÉ
Background: Chronic otitis media is a disease associated with complications. Due to ignorance, poor literacy and late presentation the management becomes challenging and difficult. The aim is to find the incidence of complications of COM and their management. Methods: This is a hospital based observational study carried out on 50 patients with COM admitted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of a tertiary care centre during a period of 1 year. Results: Out of 50 patients, 19 cases of safe COM and 31 of unsafe COM. 31% of safe COM patients had complications with 100% extracranial complication (mastoiditis). 45% of unsafe COM had complications, where most common extracranial complication was mastoiditis and intracranial complication was brain abscess. Complications were more common in the age group of 21-30 years. In all the patients, multiple intravenous antibiotics were given covering gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organisms. The intracranial complications were initially managed by neurosurgery or neurology followed by disease eradication at source. 2 mortalities were seen in cases with intracranial complication due to late presentation. Conclusions: The complications of COM still pose a great challenge. Late presentation leads to difficulty in management and consequently higher mortality. This study mainly emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid complications.
RÉSUMÉ
The Zingiberaceae is one of the largest families from the order Zingiberales, with approximately 50 genera and over 1,000 species. The family has noted antimicrobial effect. In this study the efficacy of essential oils extracted from three species of Zingiberaceae under genus Curcuma and Zingiber is tested on certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The oil samples did not show any bactericidal activity. They were active only under bacteriostatic condition. Antifungal assay was carried out for the Curcuma amada Roxb, Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. moran, Z. officinale Rosc., Z. zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith, out of which Z. offiicinale var. moran showed greater inhibitory effect over the microbial strains.
RÉSUMÉ
The growth stimulation (+) and inhibition (-) of algae treated with pulp and paper mill effluent was investigated in laboratory culture condition. The result revealed that the effect of paper mill effluent on algae was species specific. Effluents were stimulatory as well as inhibitory to the growth of test algae . Oscillatoria chlorina tolerated higher concentration where as Scenedesmus quadricauda tolerated lower concentration of effluent. At 100% effluent concentration growth was retarded and inhibition was the result. During investigation significant algal growth was observed between concentration and treatment days of which 21 days incubation period was considered as final yield.